Errors prediction for vector-to-raster conversion based on map load and cell size     

Shunbao Liao  Zhongqiang Bai  Yan Bai 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(6):695-704

Vector-to-raster conversion is a process accompanied with errors.The errors are classified into predicted errors before rasterization and actual errors after that.Accurate prediction of the errors is beneficial to developing reasonable rasterization technical schemes and to making products of high quality.Analyzing and establishing a quantitative relationship between the error and its affecting factors is the key to error prediction.In this study,land cover data of China at a scale of 1:250 000 were taken as an example for analyzing the relationship between rasterization errors and the density of arc length(DA),the density of polygon(DP) and the size of grid cells(SG).Significant correlations were found between the errors and DA,DP and SG.The correlation coefficient(R2) of a model established based on samples collected in a small region(Beijing) reaches 0.95,and the value of R2 is equal to 0.91 while the model was validated with samples from the whole nation.On the other hand,the R2 of a model established based on nationwide samples reaches 0.96,and R2 is equal to 0.91 while it was validated with the samples in Beijing.These models depict well the relationships between rasterization errors and their affecting factors(DA,DP and SG).The analyzing method established in this study can be applied to effectively predicting rasterization errors in other cases as well.  相似文献   

Agricultural land use optimal allocation system in developing area: Application to Yili watershed, Xinjiang Region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ying Zhang  Hongqi Zhang  Dongying Ni  Wei Song 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(2):232-244

In developing countries, land productivity involves little market, where the agricultural land use is mainly determined by the food demands as well as the land suitability. The land use pattern will not ensure everywhere enough land for certain cropping if spatial allocation just according to land use suitability. To solve this problem, a subzone and a pre-allocation for each land use are added in spatial allocation module, and land use suitability and area optimization module are incorporated to constitute a whole agricultural land use optimal allocation (ALUOA) system. The system is developed on the platform .Net 2005 using ArcGIS Engine (version 9.2) and C# language, and is tested and validated in Yili watershed of Xinjiang Region on the newly reclaimed area. In the case study, with the help of soil data obtained from 69 points sampled in the fieldwork in 2008, main river data supplied by the Department of Water Resources of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, and temperature data provided by Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, land use suitability on eight common crops are evaluated one by one using linear weighted summation method in the land use suitability model. The linear programming (LP) model in area optimization model succeeds to give out land area target of each crop under three scenarios. At last, the land use targets are allotted in space both with a six subzone file and without a subzone file. The results show that the land use maps with a subzone not only ensure every part has enough land for every crop, but also gives a more fragmental land use pattern, with about 87.99% and 135.92% more patches than the one without, while at the expense of loss between 15.30% and 19.53% in the overall suitability at the same time.  相似文献   

干旱区典型流域近30年土地利用/土地覆被变化的分形特征分析——以玛纳斯河流域为例   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22  

李义玲  乔木  杨小林  周生斌 《干旱区地理》2008,31(1):75-81

利用1976、1989、2005年三期遥感影像,运用GIS和分形理论研究干旱区典型流域——玛纳斯河流域近30年的土地利用/土地覆被变化的复杂性和稳定性。结果表明:玛纳斯河流域各时段的土地利用/土地覆被类型分布具有分形结构,土地利用/土地覆被类型形状复杂性和斑块的稳定性波动变化,1976、1989、2005年三时期的各种土地利用/土地覆被类型总平均分维值分别为1.394 0、1.363 4和1.389 9。总平均稳定性指数分别为0.606 0、0.636 6、0.610 1。三期土地利用/覆被类型平均稳定性排序为:沙地>未利用土地>居民点工矿用地>水域>林地>草地>耕地>盐碱地。耕地、林地、草地、盐碱地稳定性相对较差。通过对流域土地利用/土地覆被类型变化复杂性和稳定性的研究,可以为政府协调水土开发和调整土地利用结构提供支持。  相似文献   

滇池流域非点源污染研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯庆  王晓燕 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(1):41-44

非点源污染是滇池污染治理与控制的重点和难点,自20世纪80年代以来已有大量的研究。这些研究主要涉及了污染物来源及污染负荷估算、不同土地利用方式的污染物流失规律、污染控制方法及治理措施研究等内容、采用了实地考察、调查与监测、试验及模型模拟、3S及计算机技术等研究方法与研究手段。今后,还应在非农业生产所致的非点源污染、完整的监测系统及集成化非点源污染模型建立、水污染总量控制管理以及政策引导、环境保护的监管与实施等方面加强研究工作。  相似文献   

The place of rural, remote and least-wealthy small islands in international water development: the nexus of geography–technology sustainability in Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia     

WILLIAM JAMES SMITH JR 《The Geographical journal》2008,174(3):251-268

Many least-wealthy, rural, remote and resource-poor small island communities are unlikely to benefit from high-profile global water improvement initiatives. Their small landmasses, geologic composition, geography, social and technological isolation, colonial history, and weak educational and financial resources constitute significant barriers to improving access to safe drinking water. This paper discusses the relatively unique position of such island societies in the international community, providing a case study of the Federated States of Micronesia that integrates data and information pertaining to water resources management and governance, spanning from the island village to national scale. A vision is offered regarding the interaction between small island human and biophysical water systems, manifesting ways to pursue water resource development to improve public health which are constructed to be economically, physically and culturally sustainable.  相似文献   

黄土高原典型小流域道路特征及影响因素   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

曹龙熹  张科利  张卓栋  张卫 《地理研究》2008,27(6):1271-1280

通过GPS野外实测黄土高原纸坊沟小流域的道路特征,在GIS空间分析等方法支持下研究了流域内各级道路的分布规律。研究表明:黄土高原道路可分为4级,2级以下的土路是小流域的代表路型。各级别道路总长度都随级别增大而增加且累计总长度与道路级别线性相关,道路平均长度和密度则随级别增大而减小。道路网系和流域水系在结构规律上具有一定的相似性。不同级别道路分布范围受地形特征影响不同。爬坡道路坡度与地表坡度之间存在线性回归关系,且次级道路分布受主路控制;典型爬坡路在大于25°坡度范围内多呈"之"字形弯曲,随坡度的减小道路弯曲跨度和与等高线夹角增大。研究结果有助于定量模拟黄土高原地区道路分布特征,并为土壤侵蚀模型中道路影响因子的确定提供参考。  相似文献   

The contribution of aeolian processes to fluvial sediment yield from a desert watershed in the Ordos Plateau,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Wanquan Ta  Haibin Wang  Xiaopeng Jia 《水文研究》2015,29(1):80-89

In arid zones, many active aeolian dunes terminate at ephemeral and perennial desert rivers. The desert rivers show very high rates of sediment transport that cause deleterious downstream effects on the river system and ecology. High sediment loading has been attributed to severe water erosion of sparsely covered watersheds during infrequent but heavy rainfall. Although aeolian erosion is known to lead to high rates of wind‐blown sand transport, direct confirmation of whether the aeolian processes accelerate or inhibit fluvial sediment loss is lacking. Here, we show that an aeolian‐fluvial cycling process is responsible for the high rate of suspended sediment transport in a Sudalaer ephemeral desert channel in the Ordos Plateau of China. Frequent aeolian processes, but low frequency (once every 3 years on average) flooding, occur in this region. Wind‐blown saltating grains appeared to be unable to cross the desert channel because of interruption of channel‐induced recirculating air flow, and therefore tended to settle in the channel during the windy seasons, leading to channel narrowing. During flooding, this narrowed channel was found to yield a threefold increase in suspended sediment loading and a 3.4‐fold increase in the weight percentage of the 0.08–0.2 mm sediment fraction on 18 July 2012. Loss of stored aeolian sand due to channel erosion accounted for about half of the total sediment yield in this watershed. These findings show that aeolian processes play an essential role in accelerating the sediment yield from a watershed characterized by aeolian‐fluvial interplay and also suggest that the drier the region and the greater the aeolian process, the more the aeolian process contributes to fluvial sediment yield. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Impact of model development,calibration and validation decisions on hydrological simulations in West Lake Erie Basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Prasad Daggupati  Haw Yen  Michael J. White  Raghavan Srinivasan  Jeffrey G. Arnold  Conor S. Keitzer  Scott P. Sowa 《水文研究》2015,29(26):5307-5320

Watershed simulation models are used extensively to investigate hydrologic processes, landuse and climate change impacts, pollutant load assessments and best management practices (BMPs). Developing, calibrating and validating these models require a number of critical decisions that will influence the ability of the model to represent real world conditions. Understanding how these decisions influence model performance is crucial, especially when making science‐based policy decisions. This study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in West Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) to examine the influence of several of these decisions on hydrological processes and streamflow simulations. Specifically, this study addressed the following objectives (1) demonstrate the importance of considering intra‐watershed processes during model development, (2) compare and evaluated spatial calibration versus calibration at outlet and (3) evaluate parameter transfers across temporal and spatial scales. A coarser resolution (HUC‐12) model and a finer resolution model (NHDPlus model) were used to support the objectives. Results showed that knowledge of watershed characteristics and intra‐watershed processes are critical to produced accurate and realistic hydrologic simulations. The spatial calibration strategy produced better results compared to outlet calibration strategy and provided more confidence. Transferring parameter values across spatial scales (i.e. from coarser resolution model to finer resolution model) needs additional fine tuning to produce realistic results. Transferring parameters across temporal scales (i.e. from monthly to yearly and daily time‐steps) performed well with a similar spatial resolution model. Furthermore, this study shows that relying solely on quantitative statistics without considering additional information can produce good but unrealistic simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The impact of agriculture on solute and suspended sediment load on a Mediterranean watershed after intense rainstorms     

Luís Outeiro  Xavier Úbeda  Joaquim Farguell 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(5):549-560

The solute and suspended‐sediment load following five rainstorms (2005–2007) with varied intensities were studied at the Vernegà experimental watershed, north‐western Spain. Two land‐use areas are located within this watershed, the upstream one (forest) with 160 ha a 100% forested area, and the downstream one (agricultural) with 97 ha being 9 ha conventional agricultural field and 88 ha forest. This study investigates the capacity of each land‐use to yield water, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and dissolved solid concentration (DSC). The hypothesis is that DSC and SSC from the agricultural area are greater than DSC and SSC of the forest area. Results showed that the agriculture area produced significantly greater mean DSC than in the forest area, the main contribution was the Ca²⁺ (24·68 ± 46·52 mg l^?1) ion at the agricultural area. A long‐term sediment production rate at the agricultural outlet was calculated (69·1 tonnes per 100 years) based on the total sediment discharge (TSD) and the recurrence interval of the largest event of the five rainstorms (October 2005). Geographic information system (GIS) spatial data layers of the watershed were produced to determine the relation of tracks, landforms, slopes and forest management to SSC yield in the forest outlet (133·89 ± 308·14 mg l^?1) during the five rainstorms. Agriculture practices are the main cause of soil erosion at the study area. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

栅格化属性精度损失的评估方法及其尺度效应分析——以四川省1:25 万土地覆被数据为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

白燕  廖顺宝  孙九林 《地理学报》2011,66(5):709-717

选择在600 m~30 km 16 个尺度上,在ArcGIS 中利用常用的面积最大值法(Rule ofMaximum Area,RMA) 对2005 年四川省1:25 万土地覆被矢量数据进行栅格化,并采用两种属性精度损失评估方法：传统的常规分析方法和一种新的基于栅格单元分析方法,来对比分析在这两种评估方法下RMA栅格化的属性(这里是指面积) 精度损失随尺度的变化特征。结果表明：(1) 在同一尺度下采用基于栅格单元方法分析所得的研究区平均属性精度损失大于常规分析方法分析得到的平均属性精度损失,且二者之间的差异在1~10 km内很明显,当栅格单元大于10km时,两种方法得到的平均属性精度损失的差值稳定,且其随尺度的变化曲线趋于平行;(2) 基于栅格单元分析方法不仅能够准确地定量估计RMA栅格化的属性精度损失,而且能客观地反映属性精度损失的空间分布规律;(3) 对四川省1:25 万土地覆被数据进行面积最大值法(RMA)栅格化的适宜尺度域最好不要超过800 m,在该尺度域内数据工作量适宜,且RMA栅格化属性精度损失小于2.5%。  相似文献