Long‐term effects of revegetation on soil hydrological processes in vegetation‐stabilized desert ecosystems     

Zhongbo Yu  Haishen Lü  Yonghua Zhu  Sam Drake  Chuan Liang 《水文研究》2010,24(1):87-95

Planting of sand‐binding vegetation in the Shapotou region on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert began in 1956. The revegetation programme successfully stabilized formerly mobile dunes in northern China, permitting the operation of the Baotou‐Lanzhou railway. Long‐term monitoring has shown that the revegetation programme produced various ecological changes, including the formation of biological soil crusts (BSCs). To gain insight into the role of BSCs in both past ecological change and current ecological evolution at the revegetation sites, we used field measurements and HYDRUS‐1D model simulations to investigate the effects of BSCs on soil hydrological processes at revegetated sites planted in 1956 and 1964 and at an unplanted mobile dune site. The results demonstrate that the formation of BSCs has altered patterns of soil water storage, increasing the moisture content near the surface (0–5 cm) while decreasing the moisture content in deeper layers (5–120 cm). Soil evaporation at BSC sites is elevated relative to unplanted sites during periods when canopy coverage is low. Rainfall infiltration was not affected by BSCs during the very dry period that was studied (30 April to 30 September 2005); during periods with higher rainfall intensity, differences in infiltration may be expected due to runoff at BSC sites. The simulated changes in soil moisture storage and hydrological processes are consistent with ongoing plant community succession at the revegetated sites, from deep‐rooted shrubs to more shallow‐rooted herbaceous species. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Characterising deep vadose zone water movement and solute transport under typical irrigated cropland in the North China Plain          下载免费PDF全文

Leilei Min  Yanjun Shen  Hongwei Pei  Bingdan Jing 《水文研究》2017,31(7):1498-1509

Understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of soil water movement and solute transport is essential for accurately estimating recharge rates and evaluating the impacts of agricultural activities on groundwater resources. In a thick vadose zone (0–15 m) under irrigated cropland in the piedmont region of the North China Plain, soil water content, matric potential, and solute concentrations were measured. Based on these data, the dynamics of soil water and solutes were analysed to investigate the mechanisms of soil water and solute transport. The study showed that the 0–15‐m vadose zone can be divided into three layers: an infiltration and evaporation layer (0–2 m), an unsteady infiltration layer (2–6 m), and a quasi‐steady infiltration layer (6–15 m). The chloride, nitrate, and sulphate concentrations all showed greater variations in the upper soil layer (0–1 m) compared to values in the deep vadose zone (below 2 m). The average concentrations of these three anions in the deep vadose zone varied insignificantly with depth and approached values of 125, 242, and 116 mg/L. The accumulated chloride, sulphate, and nitrate were 2,179 ± 113, 1,760 ± 383, and 4,074 ± 421 kg/ha, respectively. The soil water potential and solute concentrations indicated that uniform flow and preferential flow both occurred in the deep vadose zone, and uniform flow was the dominant mechanism of soil water movement in this study. The piston‐like flow velocity of solute transport was 1.14 m per year, and the average value of calculated leached nitrate nitrogen was 107 kg/ha?year below the root zone. The results can be used to better understand recharge processes and improve groundwater resources management.  相似文献   

Effects of Drought on Winter Wheat Yield in North China During 2012-2100     

SONG Yanling  ZHAO Yanxia 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(4):516-528

Winter wheat is one of China's most important staple food crops, and its production is strongly influenced by weather, especially droughts. As a result, the impact of drought on the production of winter wheat is associated with the food security of China. Simulations of future climate for scenarios A2 and A1B provided by GFDL_CM2, MPI_ECHAM5, MRI_CGCM2, NCAR_CCSM3, and UKMO_HADCM3 during 2001- 2100 are used to project the influence of drought on winter wheat yields in North China. Winter wheat yields are simulated using the crop model WOFOST (WOrld FOod STudies). Future changes in temperature and precipitation are analyzed. Temperature is projected to increase by 3.9-5.5℃ ? for scenario A2 and by 2.9-5.1℃ ? for scenario A1B, with fairly large interannual variability. Mean precipitation during the growing season is projected to increase by 16.7 and 8.6 mm (10 yr)-1, with spring precipitation increasing by 9.3 and 4.8 mm (10 yr)-1 from 2012-2100 for scenarios A2 and A1B, respectively. For the next 10-30 years (2012- 2040), neither the growing season precipitation nor the spring precipitation over North China is projected to increase by either scenario. Assuming constant winter wheat varieties and agricultural practices, the influence of drought induced by short rain on winter wheat yields in North China is simulated using the WOFOST crop model. The drought index is projected to decrease by 9.7% according to scenario A2 and by 10.3% according to scenario A1B during 2012-2100. This indicates that the drought influence on winter wheat yields may be relieved over that period by projected increases in rain and temperature as well as changes in the growth stage of winter wheat. However, drought may be more severe in the near future, as indicated by the results for the next 10-30 years.  相似文献   

中国主要江河径流变化成因定量分析   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

王国庆  张建云  管晓祥  鲍振鑫  刘艳丽  贺瑞敏  金君良  刘翠善  陈鑫 《水科学进展》1990,31(3):313-323

变化环境下中国主要江河实测径流量发生了较为明显的变化，科学理清径流变化原因是流域水资源评价和管理的重要基础工作。基于中国七大江河代表性水文站1956—2018年的实测径流量资料，诊断了变化环境下水文序列的变异性特征；采用水文模拟途径，定量评估了不同驱动要素对径流变化的影响。结果表明：①淮河、长江和珠江实测径流量变异性特征不明显，相比而言，北方主要江河实测年径流量系列存在较为明显的突变性，但最显著的变异点发生时间存在差异，变异前后降水径流关系发生较大变化。② RCCC-WBM模型能够较好模拟中国南方湿润区和北方干旱区江河天然径流量过程，该模型可以用来还原人类活动影响期间的天然径流量。③总体来看，人类活动对中国北方江河径流量的影响大于气候变化的影响，气候变化是中国淮河及其以南江河径流变化的主要原因。  相似文献   

最近十年来中国地理科学的进展   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

任美锷 《地理学报》1990,(2)

最近十年来中国地理科学的最重要进展有:自然地理学与人文地理学的平衡发展,人口、资源、环境的研究,遥感的应用与地理信息系统的建立,自然地理定位观测,青藏高原隆起对自然环境的影响,城市与城市规划,中国历史地理研究等。最近,并已开始研究气候变化与海平面上升对中国的影响,使我国地理科学研究紧紧跟上世界发展的步伐。  相似文献   

The connection of geodynamics with seismicity patterns     

Adrian E. Scheidegger 《Natural Hazards》1988,1(1):5-13

When a study is to be made of seismic risks, the present-day geodynamic conditions are of fundamental importance: Earthquakes do not happen by themselves, they do have a cause. The cause of earthquakes is that the tectonic stresses exceed a critical limit. The build-up of these stresses is conditioned by the geodynamic processes occurring in the region in question. A knowledge of the geodynamics characteristic of a region is therefore fundamental for seismic risk studies. The general methodology for making such a geodynamic study is based on the entire set of manifestations of the plate-tectonic conditions of that region: these include the mechanism of earthquakes, the stresses observed in mines, the orientation of surface joints and even the direction of river valleys. Examples of geodynamic studies and their bearing on seismic risks are shown from various areas of the world, notably from China, India, and Colombia.  相似文献   

我国首次发现的钠砷铀云母   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张静宜 《铀矿地质》1988,(5)

我国首次发现的钠砷铀云母产于新疆某铀矿床氧化带。它实际上是钠砷铀云母的含钾变种。与产于苏联的钠砷铀云母比较,晶胞参数稍大,比重稍小,在长波紫外线照射下发黄绿色中等强度荧光。  相似文献   

华北地台北缘东段金矿带硫同位素特征及其找矿意义     

王义文 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1989,(3)

华北地台北缘东段金矿带主要类型金矿床的矿石硫同位素组成受矿源层破同位素背景值制约,成矿与不同时代花岗岩侵入或混合岩化作用引起的成矿物质活化作用有关。深成作用过程中的硫同位素平衡分馏效应使矿石硫稍富S~(34)。热变质过程中的硫同位素扩散分馏效应使矿石流稍富S~(32)。该区太古代层状岩系为金的潜在矿源,具有发现新矿化集中区和新类型金矿床的巨大潜力。根据金矿床硫同位素变化规律可进行深部成矿预测。  相似文献   

中国大陆地区热流数据的分布及其初步分析          下载免费PDF全文

黄少鹏 《地震地质》1989,11(3):17

本文首次系统地收集整理了观测资料比较齐全、国内公开发表的热流数据167个,并对之进行了初步分析。这些数据的地理分布还很不均匀,热流值变化范围为25—245mWm-2,多种平均方法得到的结果表明,中国大陆区域代表性热流值范围为61—68mWm-2。作者所作的经纬度网格和条带统计还揭示,数据覆盖区内热流沿经、纬向的分布有明显的差异,纬向条带平均热流值看来具有波状起伏变化的规律。这一结果已经得到日本及其周围海域热流数据的初步印证,如果获得更广泛的证实,无疑具有深刻的地质和地球物理意义  相似文献   

华北地区航磁图像处理结果和地震构造解释   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

余钦范  马杏垣 《地震地质》1989,11(4):5-14

本文介绍了我国华北地区航磁图像处理结果,它包括航磁数据的假彩色图、立体阴影图、卷积滤波、指数滤波及局部自适应增强(LAHE)等图像。本文在研究了这些图像所蕴含的丰富信息基础上,对其所反映的地质实体及其演化和各种构造形迹这两个相互联系的方面进行了综合分析,进而建立了华北亚板块的地震构造立体格架,并运用走滑断裂带间块体转动模型,对本区构造变形和地震活动机制作了探讨  相似文献