超声辐射对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李文权  张元标  陈清花  王清池 《海洋科学》2001,25(10):39-42

设计了一个超声频率，超声功率和辐射时间3因素4水平的正交实验，研究超声辐射对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应。实验结果表明，超声频率对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应显著，而超声功率的辐射时间的影响相对较小，在正交实验所确定的最佳超声辐射条件下，牟氏角毛藻生长速率常数最高可达0．348d^-1，是对照组的1．78倍，并脂肪酸不饱和度最高可达68．4％，比对照组提高5．2％，主要不饱和脂肪酸的百分含量均可得到不同程度的提高。  相似文献   

Can A Cup Anemometer `Underspeed'?     

L. Kristensen 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,103(1):163-172

An analysis of cup-anemometer dynamics has been carried out inorder to determine whether the mean-wind velocity can have anegative bias. This would be contrary to the general belief thatcup anemometers always overspeed. Compared to prior analyses, theeffect of a possible nonlinearity of the calibration function isincluded. The conclusion is that neither longitudinal nor lateralvelocity fluctuations can contribute significantly to a negativebias. However, if a cup anemometer has an angular response thatfalls below the ideal cosine response, there will, as demonstratedin the concluding discussion, be a negative contribution from thevertical velocity fluctuations to the total bias, and thiscontribution may even outbalance the positive contributions fromthe longitudinal velocity fluctuations. Concrete evidence of suchexotic cup anemometer behaviour has not been reported in theliterature.  相似文献   

超声波测风仪风速的不同算法误差分析     

涂满红  曹云昌  詹国伟  赤桑单吉 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(1):119-126

超声波测风仪与气象业务用风向标测风仪相比具有诸多优势,可为气象业务中风向风速观测急需解决的较多问题提供解决方案。为促成超声波风速仪尽早在气象部门业务应用,同时解决资料同化等问题,研究和选择适用于超声波测风仪的风速平均(平滑)算法显得极为重要。为此,从超声波测风仪测量原理出发,介绍了超声波测风仪获取数据的特点;利用台站获取的超声波测风仪风速的秒数据,采用不同时段、不同平均(平滑)方法,计算风速多种形式的平均值,通过统计、分析和比较,获得了标量和矢量不同算法下风速平均值的特性差异及其之间的误差,进一步验证了标量平均大于矢量平均的结论。通过对超声波测风仪的风速算法研究及其误差分析,对减小因算法带来的风速测量误差提供方法,同时探讨了超声波测风仪在气象业务使用的可能和方向。  相似文献   

反向沙丘近地层气流变化及其对沙丘形态的影响     

潘凯佳  张正偲  梁爱民 《中国沙漠》2021,41(2):1-8

反向沙丘形态-动力学过程是风沙地貌的重要研究内容.选择腾格里沙漠东南缘推平沙地发育的反向沙丘为研究对象,采用二维超声风速仪对沙丘表面5个位置0.25 m和0.5 m高度的气流进行野外观测.结果表明:(1)气流方向影响近地层气流特征.以沙丘脊线垂线为轴,0.25 m高度处沙丘脊线的垂线两侧风向变化不完全对称.当丘顶气流方...  相似文献   

不同检测方法对混凝土波速的影响研究     

沙玲  杜时贵  陈龙珠 《工程地质学报》2007,15(1):124-128

为建立超声波法和低应变反射波法检测所得混凝土基桩波速的相互转换关系,本文给出了标准线性固体模型下粘弹性介质的三维和一维纵波速度之比及其实用简化公式,并且通过实验得出,混凝土构件的超声波速与1.054倍低应变动测波速之比处于1.03~1.12,具体数值会随着混凝土龄期、弹性模量和强度等级的增加而有所减小。  相似文献   

雷诺数对圆形渐缩喷嘴湍流射流的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杜诚  徐敏义  米建春 《海洋学报》2010,32(9):6331-6338

The present study systematically investigates by experiment the influence of Reynolds number (Re) on a turbulent jet issuing from a smoothly-contracting round nozzle. Measurements were performed for seven Reynolds numbers varying from Re = 4,050 to Re = 20,100 using single hot-wire anemometry and over an axial distance of 30 nozzle exit diameters. Although all the exit velocity profiles are of "top-hat" shape, these measurements reveal significant dependence on Re of the exit and downstream flows. The effect of Re on both the mean and turbulent fields is substantial for Re ＜ 10,000 and becomes weak beyond Re = 10,000. The length of the jet’s potential core and the far-field rates of decay and spread all depend significantly on Re.  相似文献   

Development of the ultrasonic measurement technique and its application in the observation of rock mass stability     

Yonglian Sun  Shiliang Lu  Chuliang Zhou 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1993,11(4):273-284

Summary A method of measuring ultrasonic wave properties in rocks during the complete stress-strain process is described. The relevant experimental laboratory study, to reveal the change of the amplitude spectrum parameters with strain (or stress) has been carried out. A preliminary study was conducted on the application of the ultrasonic measurement technique at a belt conveyor roadway of the north wing in Baodian coal mine, Shandong province. A borehole ultrasonic device with dry coupling was developed to provide better coupling and more accurate measurement data in comparison with those of a water coupled situation. Based on the interrelations between the complete stress-strain properties of specimens and their wave properties, the structural properties of surrounding rocks, the range of yield zones, and the change of stresses within the rocks surrounding a roadway which was subjected to mining influence of upper longwall face were analysed. Amplitude spectrum parameters were used to give a better prediction of the physico-mechanical state of the surrounding rocks.  相似文献   

全波震相分析的应用   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

赵鸿儒  孙进忠等 《地球物理学报》1990,33(1):54-63

全波震相分析法是以弹性波传播理论为基础,以现代数字技术为手段,对地震波进行全面综合分析的理论和方法.它既包括对单一分量震波观测记录中的各种震相的识别、确认和分析,又包括对多分量震波记录的合成、分析和图示.全波震相分析法涉及震源、射线路径、初动、走时、振幅、波形、时域和空域的瞬态谱、质点振动矢量等诸多方面,因而能更全面地揭示地震波场与地下介质之间的关系.本文以实例展示在不同领域的研究中全波震相分析的应用情况.全波震相分析法为实现多种波型的联合应用奠定了理论基础,并提供了新的方法.  相似文献   

北京城郊近地层湍流实验观测   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

苏红兵  洪钟祥 《大气科学》1994,18(6):739-750

本文利用两台FA-11超声风速温度仪于1992年3月到４月间在北京325 m气象观测塔47 m和120 m两个高度观测到的风速三个正交分量以及声虚温的湍流脉动资料，计算和分析了北京城郊粗糙下垫面近地层湍流特征量及其日变化，无量纲垂直速度和声虚温的方差随稳定度的变化，风速分量和温度的归一化湍流能谱以及动量和热通量的互谱及其随稳定度的变化。并且与平坦均一下垫面近地层湍流观测的结果进行了对比。  相似文献   

Further Studies Of Atmospheric Turbulence In Layers Near The Surface: Scaling The Tke Budget Above The Roughness Sublayer   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Paul Frenzen  Christoph A. Vogel 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,99(2):173-206

The second of two experimental studies of the TKE budget conducted on sites of different roughness is described, and results are compared. The first took place within a shallow layer above a small field of mostly bare, cultivated soil; the second was carried out above a roughness sublayer of significant depth on an extensive plain of tall dry grass. Budget terms observed in the second study were scaled with a modified u which compensated for effects of an unusually large stress gradient and ensured that the _m functions would be collinear. By showing that the modification becomes negligible in smaller gradients, it is demonstrated that in normal conditions, budgets observed above significant roughness sublayers should be normalized by scaling in terms of the unreduced Reynolds stress at the sublayer's upper surface. This procedure is shown to be consistent with the expectation that TKE budgets in layers near the surface all scale in fundamentally the same way.Other findings include: (1) the fact that most _m functions previously reported are not quite collinear is attributed to a type of overspeeding known to affect three-cup anemometers; (2) revised _m functions, collinear and largely free of the effects of overspeeding, are determined from a well-established characteristic of the linear _m relation for the stable case; (3) data that define collinear _m functions can also be represented with single hyperbolic curves; (4) dissipation is found to be 10 to 15% too small to balance total TKE production in unstable and neutral conditions and to decrease with increasing z/L in thestable regime; and (5) new relations for based on the observed behaviour of the dissipation deficit provide an improved closure for the set of equations that express the budget terms as functions of _m and z/L.  相似文献