非法占用农村集体土地建设公墓问题不容忽视     

蔡玉琢 《辽宁地质》2010,(7):48-49

在土地行政执法中,有一类特殊的违法占地行为要引起我们国土资源管理部门的高度重视一一非法占用农村集体土地建设公墓行为。公墓经营者没有取得合法用地手续,通过“以租代征”承租农村集体土地兴建墓园,并将公墓高价出售。这种违法行为侵占大量集体土地,破坏农地资源和森林植被,性质恶劣,目前还呈现蔓延趋势。  相似文献   

基于植被冠层含水量反演数据的森林易燃程度评价     

陈宗杰  杨武年  张琬琳  刘明鑫  董秀军  何先定 《测绘通报》2023,(4):99-105

近年来凉山彝族自治州森林火灾频发,且蔓延迅速,扑救难度大。本文选择传统遥感手段,利用遥感卫星和无人机相关数据,以木里藏族自治县森林火灾为背景,明确了可燃物识别及其易燃性的意义;选择地形、地表温度、植被含水情况等因子对目标区域进行评价,并引入生态水(层)概念,将植被生态水作为一种重要的参数因子;分析研究区的自然环境特点,研究森林植被可燃物易燃程度的重要性及其空间分布,并构建一种适用于森林植被茂密地区的可燃物易燃程度评价体系,为降低研究区森林火灾风险提供防控依据。  相似文献   

基于地理加权随机森林的青藏地区放牧强度时空格局模拟     

李兰晖  黄聪聪  张镱锂  刘林山  王兆锋  张海燕  丁明军  张华敏 《地理科学》2023,(3):398-410

精确刻画放牧强度时空格局是深刻理解青藏地区高寒草地服务功能动态及其驱动机制的重要基础,对辅助制定区域生态安全和可持续发展战略具有意义。基于牲畜年末存栏量、牧区人口密度、生长季NDVI、年降水量、年平均气温和居民点分布等数据,采用地理加权随机森林模型,模拟了2000年、2010年和2020年3期青藏地区放牧强度的空间格局,并定量评价了环境因子对放牧强度空间分布解释性的区域差异。结果表明：(1)地理加权随机森林模拟结果可精细地刻画青藏地区放牧强度的空间特征,与经典随机森林模型相比,判定系数更高,平均绝对值误差和均方根误差更低。(2)青藏地区放牧强度呈现东南高、西北低的基本特征,其中,西北部地区放牧强度低于25羊单位/km²的区域约占青藏地区面积的1/2。(3)与2000年和2010年相比,2020年青藏地区放牧强度呈现总体下降、局部抬升的态势;其中,较2010年,2020年放牧强度下降超过1羊单位/km²的区域占牧区面积的61.69%。(4)牧区人口密度是解释放牧强度空间异质性最主要的因素,其相对重要性呈现西高东低的特征,而降水量和生长季NDVI...  相似文献   

Mushroom production as an alternative for rural development in a forested mountainous area     

José A. BONET  José R. GONZáLEZ-OLABARRIA  Juan MARTíNEZ DE ARAGóN 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):535-543

Wild mushrooms are recognized as important non-wood forest products in mountainous ecosystems, but their real potential for generating rural economies has not been fully evaluated due to the difficulties in obtaining reliable productivity data, minimizing their true potential as contributor to rural economies. Mushroom yield models based on large data series from Pinus forest ecosystems in the region of Catalonia(Spain), combined with data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory allow us to estimate the potential mushroom productivity by forest ecosystems. The results of 24,500 tons/yr of mushrooms of which 16,300 tons are classified as edible and 7,900 tons are commonly marketed demonstrate the importance of mushroom productions in Catalonian pine forests, mostly located in mountainous areas where the development of agricultural activities is limited. Economic mushroom value is estimated at 48 million € for the edible mushroom and 32 million € for those corresponding to marketable yields, confirming the potential of this non-wood forest product. These production results and corresponding economic values provide a basis for the incorporation of wild mushrooms as significant non-wood forest products in the development of forest policies in mountainous areas.  相似文献   

气候变化和人类活动影响下澧水流域径流及其不同组分的变化简     

郑明国  孙莉英 《地理研究》2014,33(2):237-250

目前径流变化相关研究较少涉及径流的不同组分。利用湖南省澧水流域4个水文站点长序列观测资料,不仅分析了2007-2011年相对于1985年以前径流总量及其历时曲线的变化,也分析了地表径流和基流及其历时曲线的变化。与1985年以前比,流域年降雨量保持不变,最显著的变化为森林覆盖率的增加和大量水库的修建。这些人类活动没有造成年径流总量、年基流量和年地表径流量的显著变化,但在日时间尺度上对径流过程产生了重要影响。地表径流和地下径流对人类活动存在差异性响应,2007年以后地表径流在洪峰期流量变小而其他时段变大,而地下径流汇水受人类活动影响较小,基流流量除枯水期外与1985年以前基本一致。本文所揭示的规律可能在中国南方具有一定的代表性。  相似文献   

高频观测的土壤异养呼吸昼夜变化     

刘小飞  陈仕东  熊德成  林伟盛  林廷武  林成芳  杨玉盛 《福建地理》2014,(1):92-94

正森林土壤是陆地生态系统土壤中最大的碳库,约占全球土壤碳库的3/4,在全球C循环中起至关重要作用[1]。土壤异养呼吸(Heterotrophic respiration,Rh)是森林生态系统土壤碳库损失的主要途径。土壤异养呼吸是指土壤在微生物参与下的矿化过程,主要包括根际微生物呼吸、矿质土壤呼吸(无根土壤)和枯枝落叶层呼吸,由于土壤动物呼吸量不大,因此森林生态系统的异养呼吸主要表现为矿质土壤呼吸[2-4]。土壤异养呼吸具有高度的空间变异性,在全球范围内,异养呼吸所占总呼吸的比例为7%~83%,其中在热带和温带(30%~83%)森林生态系统中所占比例高于寒带地区(7%~  相似文献   

Radiative forcing over China due to albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990–2010     

Jun Zhai  Ronggao Liu  Jiyuan Liu  Guosong Zhao  Lin Huang 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(5):789-801

Land cover change affects surface radiation budget and energy balance by chang- ing surface albedo and further impacts the regional and global climate. In this article, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite products were used to analyze the driving mechanism for surface albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990-2010. In addition, the annual-scale radiative forcing caused by surface albedo changes in China＇s 50 ecological regions were calculated to reveal the biophysical mechanisms of land cover change affecting climate change at regional scale. Our results showed that the national land cover changes were mainly caused by land reclamation, grassland desertification and urbanization in past 20 years, which were almost induced by anthropogenic activities. Grassland and forest area decreased by 0.60% and 0.11%, respectively. The area of urban and farmland increased by 0.60% and 0.19%, respectively. The mean radiative forcing caused by land cover changes during 1990-2010 was 0.062 W/m2 in China, indicating a warming climate effect. However, spatial heterogeneity of radiative forcing was huge among different ecological regions. Farmland conversing to urban construction land, the main type of land cover change for the urban and suburban agricultural ecological region in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, caused an albedo reduction by 0.00456 and a maximum positive radiative forcing of 0.863 WIm2, which was presented as warming climate effects. Grassland and forest conversing to farmland, the main type of land cover change for the temperate humid agricultural and wetland ecological region in Sanjiang Plain, caused an albedo increase by 0.00152 and a maximum negative radiative forcing of 0.184 W/m2, implying cooling climate effects.  相似文献   

我国地调工作重点迎来调整期 向森林、海岛等特殊地质地貌区拓展     

王少勇 《西部资源》2014,(2):52-52

<正>近日在京召开的2014年全国地质调查工作会议提出,今后一个时期,地质调查工作重点要进行调整,在紧紧围绕"358"目标加强矿产调查的同时,基础地质调查向森林、沼泽、湿地、海岛、海岸带等特殊地质地貌区拓展,同时调查内容更加综合,方式更加先进。会议提出,今后一个时期,地质调查工作要紧紧围绕找矿突破战略行动"358"目标,坚持找矿新机制,评估3年地质调查的服务支撑完成情况,总结经验,分析问题,及时调整地质调查实施方案,全力助推"358"第二阶段目标实现。资源调查要从点上评价走向面上调查,突出整装勘查  相似文献   

Response to climate change of different tree species and NDVI variation since 1923 in the middle arid region of Ningxia, China     

YaJun Wang  RuiJie Lu  YuZhen M  HongWei Meng  ShangYu Gao 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(1):0030-0036

The normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） is used extensively to describe vegetation cover and ecological environ- ment change. The purpose of this study was to contrast the response of different tree species growing in the same habitat to climate change and retrieve past NDVI using tree-ring width data from tree cores collected from the transitional zone of Pinus tabulaeformis and Picea crassifolia in the Luoshan Mountains in the middle arid region of Ningxia. Correlation analysis indi- cated that radial growth ofP tabulaeJbrmis is more sensitive to precipitation and temperature change than that ofP crassifolia. Natural factors such as water availability and heat at this elevation are more suited to the growth ofP crassifolia, and are more advantageous to its renewal and succession. P. crassifolia is probably the better of the two species for protecting the forest ecosystem and conserving water in the Luoshan desertification area. Ring width of P. crassifolia correlates significantly with average NDVI for April-May （r =0.641, p 〈0.01）, and both of them are influenced positively by precipitation in April-May. The reconstructed NDVI for 1923-2007 shows the relatively low vegetation cover occurred in the 1920s-1930s, the 1960s-1970s, and the early 21 st century. The reconstructed NDVI better reflected the drought climate in the study area.  相似文献   

Valuation of lake and marsh wetlands ecosystem services in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yiran Zhang  Demin Zhou  Zhenguo Niu  Fengjiao Xu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(3):269-278

Wetlands are highly productive natural ecosystems, providing valuable goods and services. There is growing interest in transferring ecosystem service value from the existing wetlands studied to other wetlands ecosystems at a large geographic scale. The benefit transfer method uses the known values from wetlands to predict the value of other wetland sites. This methodology requires only limited time and resources. The present study calculated the value of the ecological services provided by lake and marsh wetlands in China in terms of biodiversity indices, water quality indices and economic indices. Basic data on wetlands were obtained through remote sensing images. The results show that: 1) The total ecosystem service value of the lake and marsh wetlands in 2008 was calculated to be 8.1841 × 1010 United States Dollars(USD), with the marsh and lake wetlands contributing 5.6329 × 1010 and 2.5512 × 1010 USD, respectively. Values of marsh ecosystem service were concentrated in Heilongjiang Province(2.5516 × 1010 USD), Qinghai Province(1.2014 × 1010 USD), and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(1.1884 × 1010 USD). The value of the lakes were concentrated in Tibet Autonomous Region(6.223 × 109 USD), Heilongjiang(5.810 × 109 USD), and Qinghai(5.500 × 109 USD). 2) Waste treatment and climate regulation services contributed to 26.29% and 24.74% respectively, of the total ecosystem service value of the marsh wetlands. Hydrological regulation and waste treatment contributed to 41.39% and 32.75%, respectively, of the total ecosystem service value of the lake wetlands. 3) The total ecological service value of the lake and marsh wetlands was 54.64% of the total service value of natural grassland ecosystems and 30.34% of the total service value of forests ecosystems in China.  相似文献