河南省高效农业耕作制生产力特征及资源利用研究     

张雪芬  高伟力  陈东  史定珊  王良宇 《南京气象学院学报》1999,22(2)

从开展河南农业高效利用研究的必要性及更合理利用气候资源的角度出发,提出间作套种的三熟制高效农业资源利用模式。对三熟制与二熟制的气候资源利用、组分产量和产量结构进行对比,分析经济效益和生态效益。结果表明,三熟制种植模式明显优于传统的二熟制种植方式,是符合当前河南省农业向高效优质可持续发展的必然趋势  相似文献   

贵州省主要粮食作物综合增产潜力   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

谷晓平  刘雪梅  武文辉  黄桔梅  李玮 《高原气象》1999,18(1):118-126

从大气作物土壤系统出发,建立了贵州省主要粮食和物综合生产潜力模式,提出了作物增产潜力指数的概念,分析了在现实条件下和未来条件下作物综合增产潜力的前景。  相似文献   

地理信息系统支持下的中国粮食生产潜力研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

党安荣  阎守邕  周艺 《遥感学报》1999,3(3):225-229,248

在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）及全国农业空间数据库和属性数据库的支持下,在前人关于农业生产潜力研究的基础上进行了全国粮食生产潜力的研究。作者首先论述粮食生产潜力研究进展,探讨了基于ＧＩＳ的粮食生产潜力研究方法;然后,就粮食生产潜力的土壤有效系数、土地生产潜力和社会有效系数、社会生产潜力提出了新型的计算模型,并应用机制法通过光、温、水、土、社逐级衰减,具体计算了全国分组粮食生产潜力;最后,针计算结果与实现  相似文献   

江苏省丹阳市两种种植制度气候,土壤生产潜力的初步研究     

杨京平  章熙谷 《自然资源》1993,6(5):38-44

本文借助作物生长计算机模型与模型数学的方法对江苏省丹阳市两种种植制度的气候，土壤生产潜力进行了初步研究。结果表明，模拟的小麦／玉米－晚稻种植制度的气候潜力比小麦－单季稻高３０００ｋｇ／ｈａ左右。玉米的气候产量受降水量的年际变化影响较大。当土壤排水良好时，小麦的气候产量受降水量的影响较小。占丹阳市水稻土类８０％面积的三种水稻土属的自然生产潜力在种植小麦－单季稻两熟时基本上为１３５１０．５ｋｇ／ｈａ…  相似文献   

冬小麦光合生产潜力数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘建栋  傅抱璞  林振山  卢其尧 《地理研究》1998,17(1)

利用中国小麦生态实验资料建立了黄淮海地区冬小麦发育阶段模式和光合作用、呼吸作用等模式,由这些子模式连结成为一个可以模拟瞬时光合作用的,充分考虑了叶片空间分布特征的冬小麦光合生产潜力模式.运用该模式研究结果证明冬小麦光合生产潜力与抽穗前10天至成熟期辐射量相关性最大.黄淮海地区冬小麦光合生产潜力可达到800kg/亩～1 000 kg/亩,与牛文元计算结果相近.功率谱分析结果表明北京地区光合生产潜力存在3年～4年和9年～10年的变化周期.此外,文中还给出了CO2升高后冬小麦光合生产潜力的可能变化情况.  相似文献   

气候变化对江苏省小麦生产的可能影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

郑有飞  宗雪梅 《南京气象学院学报》1998,21(2):230-237

根据国内外研究结果综合分析,得到ＣＯ２倍增时江苏省温度、降水的变化值,初步确定了ＣＯ２倍增时江苏省小麦生长季内的可能气候情景。分析未来ＣＯ２倍增时对小麦作物的直接影响、间接影响及紫外辐射影响。具体估算了温度升高、降水增加、ＣＯ２浓度上升、紫外辐射增强后江苏省小麦生育期不变和生育期缩短两种情景下的气候生产潜力,并由此分析了气候变暖对江苏省不同地区的利弊影响。结果表明：江北大部分地区小麦产量有所增加,  相似文献   

近50年来气候变化背景下中国大豆生产潜力时空演变特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张晓峰  王宏志  刘洛  徐新良 《地理科学进展》2014,33(10)

大豆是中国最重要的粮食兼油料作物之一,随着人口的增长和人们生活水平的提高,中国对大豆产品的消费需求不断增加.全球气候变化给大豆生产带来了一定影响,其中有负面的,也有正面的.本文以2010年中国耕地空间分布遥感监测数据为基础,在1961-2010年的长时间序列气象数据、土壤数据等数据基础上,采用GAEZ模型,综合考虑光、温、水、CO2浓度、病虫害、农业气候限制、土壤、地形等因素,估算了中国大豆生产潜力,进而分析了近50年来气候变化导致的中国大豆生产潜力的时空格局特征.研究表明:①中国大豆生产潜力呈现由南向北、由西向东增加的趋势.东北平原区、长江中下游地区和黄淮海平原区是大豆高产区.②近50年来,中国大豆适宜种植面积持续增加,而大豆平均生产潜力却持续下降,大豆生产潜力总量先降后增.③中国大豆生产潜力的变化区域差异明显.东北平原区大豆生产潜力总量居全国第一,长江中下游地区和黄淮海平原区分别居第二、三位.本文揭示了近50年来气候变化背景下中国大豆生产潜力的时空格局演变特征,对合理安排大豆种植布局,高效利用气候和土地资源,实现大豆稳产高产具有指导意义.  相似文献   

新书架     

《气象》2014,(10)

正《中国农业应对气候变化》周广胜主编该书采用要素—过程结果评估的逻辑思路,从全国、主要农区及主要粮食作物(水稻、玉米、小麦)三个层次,系统分析了我国农业气候资源变化、农业气象灾害变化、农业病虫害变化、农业种植制度变化和作物生长发育与产量变化,探讨了当前及未来气候变化情景下我国主要粮食作物的气候生产潜力以及我国主要粮食作物产量的提升潜力。同时,针对当前农业气候资源下我国主要粮食作物增产面临的问题,从主要粮食作物的种植面积、复种指数、品种布局和生产管理方式等方面探讨了我国适应气候变化的对策措施。  相似文献   

Scenario Analysis on the Adaptation of Different Maize Varieties to Future Climate Change in Northeast China          下载免费PDF全文

XU Yanhong  GUO Jianping  ZHAO Junfang  MU Jia 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(3):469-480

Based on gridded meteorological data for the period 1981–2100 from the RegCM3 regional model, the changing trends of climatic resources in Northeast China are analyzed, and the distributions of maize varieties are accordingly adjusted. In order to explore the effects of different adaptation countermeasures on climatic productivity and meteorological suitability in the future, maize cultivars with resistance to high temperatures and/or drought are selected. The results show that, in the future, there is likely to be a significant increase in thermal resources, and potential atmospheric evaporation will increase correspondingly.Meanwhile, radiation is predicted to increase significantly during 2041–2070 in the growing season. However, changes in precipitation are unlikely to be sufficient enough to offset the intensification in atmospheric evaporation caused by the temperature increase. Water resources and high temperatures are found to be the two major factors constraining grain yield. The results also show that the warming climate will be favorable for maize production where thermal resources are already limited, such as in central and northern Heilongjiang Province and eastern Jilin Province; while in areas that are already relatively warm, such as Liaoning Province, climatic productivity will be reduced. The climatic productivity and the meteorological suitability of maize are found to improve when the planting of resistant varieties is modeled. The utilization of agricultural climatic resources through the adaptation countermeasures of maize varieties is to increase obviously with time. Specifically, maize with drought-resistant properties will have a marked influence on meteorological suitability during 2011–2070, with suitable areas expanding. During 2071–2100, those maize varieties with their upper limit of optimum temperature and maximum temperature increased by 2℃, or water requirement reduced to 94%, or upper limit of optimum temperature and maximum temperature increased by 1℃ and water requirement reduced to 98%, all exhibit significant differences in climatic potential productivity, compared to the present-day varieties. The meteorological suitability of maize is predicted to increase in some parts of Heilongjiang Provine, with the eastern boundary of the "unavailable" area shifting westward.  相似文献   

Effect of cropland occupation and supplement on light-temperature potential productivity in China from 2000 to 2008   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xiaohuan Yang  Chuanzhou Cheng  Yuejiao Li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(6):536-544

There are more people but less land in China,so food safety has always been a most important issue government concerned.With continuous population increase,economic development and environment protection,cropland occupation and supplement are unavoidable.It not only leads to the variation of cropland area,but also makes the light-temperature potential productivity per unit area different due to regional climate differentiation,therefore impacts the total potential productivity and food output eventually.So,it is necessary to analyze the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and to study its impact on total potential productivity,which is significant to reasonably develop natural resources and instruct agricultural arrangement.This study firstly discussed the variation and distribution of occupation and supplement croplands in China from 2000 to 2008,then analyzed the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and its effect on light-temperature potential productivity.The results demonstrate:1) From 2000 to 2008,the cropland variation presented occupation in the south and supplement in the north,but overall decreased.Supplement cropland was mainly from ecological reclamation(77.78%) and was mainly distributed in Northeast China and Northwest China with poor climatic and natural conditions.Occupation cropland was mainly used for construction(52.88%) and ecological restoration(44.78%) purposes,and was mainly distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River with better climatic and natural conditions.2) The climate conditions were quite different in supplement and occupation cropland areas.The annual precipitation,annual accumulated temperature and average annual temperature were lower in the supplement cropland area,and its average po-tential productivity per unit was only 62% of occupation cropland area,which was the main reason for the decrease of total potential productivity.3) Cropland occupation and supplement led to the variation of total potential productivity and its spatial distribution.The productivity decreased in the south and increased in the north,but had a net loss of 4.38315×107 t in the whole country.The increase of cropland area was at the cost of reclaiming natural forest and grassland resources,and destroying natural ecological environment,while the decrease of cropland area was mainly due to a lot of cropland occupied by urban-rural construction,which threatened the sustainable use of cropland resources.  相似文献