Multitemporal Landsat-MODIS fusion for cropland drought monitoring in El Salvador     

Nguyen Thanh Son  Chi Farn Chen  Cheng Ru Chen  Mario Giovanni Molina Masferrer 《国际地球制图》2013,28(12):1363-1383

Abstract

This study aims to develop an approach to characterize cropland drought conditions in El Salvador, Central America. The data were processed for 2016–2017 through three main steps: (1) reconstructing MODIS land-surface temperature (LST), (2) Landsat-MODIS data fusion and (3) drought delineation using the temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI). The results of LST reconstruction using the random forests (RF) indicated the median RMSE value of 0.5?°C. The fusion results achieved from the STARFM compared with the reference Landsat data revealed close agreement with the correlation coefficient (r) values higher than 0.84. The TVDI results verified with that from the reference Landsat data indicated r values of 0.85 and 0.75 for 2016 and 2017, respectively. The larger very dry area was observed for the 2016 primera season due to prolonged droughts. Approximately 11.5% and 10.7% of croplands were, respectively, associated with very dry moisture condition in the 2016 and 2017 primera seasons.  相似文献   

The properties of the 'standard' Type Ic supernova 1994I from spectral models     

D. N. Sauer  P. A. Mazzali  J. Deng  S. Valenti  K. Nomoto  A. V. Filippenko 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(4):1939-1948

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Impact of the El Nino on the Variability of the Antarctic Sea Ice Extent     

陈锦年  褚健婷  徐兰英 《极地研究(英文版)》2004,15(1)

1　IntroductionManymeteorologistsandoceanographerspaidmuchattentiontothestudyofthemechanismofENSOformanyyears,suchasBjerknes(1 966) ,Wyrtki(1 975) ,McCreary(1 983 ) ,Philander(1 984) ,ZhangandChao(1 993 )andMcCPhaden(1 998)havemadegreatdevelopmentinthestudyofENSO .Especiallyinthe 1 990’s,withtheincreasingofthedatainthedeepocean ,thesomeonearguedthattheENSOepisodehadcloserelation shipwiththeeasterntransportationoftheanomalousseasurfacetemperatureinthewestPacific(LiandMu 1 999;Huang 2…  相似文献   

Formation of elliptical garnet in a metapelitic enclave by melt-assisted dissolution and reprecipitation     

A. M. ÁLVAREZ-VALERO  B. CESARE  L. M. KRIEGSMAN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2005,23(2):65-74

Metapelitic residual enclaves in the Neogene Volcanic Province of SE Spain are residues left after melt extraction. Glass (quenched melt) of granitic composition occurs as inclusions in most minerals and as intergranular pockets. The most common enclave types show one stage of garnet growth that is interpreted to have occurred at the same time as glass production. Some of these show a well‐developed foliation outlined by fibrolite, biotite, graphite and glass, which wraps around elongate garnet crystals that have aspect ratios up to 10:1. Based on microstructures and chemistry, the garnet within these rocks shows clear core and mantle structure. The core has an average composition of Alm₇₆–Prp₀₈–Sps₁₄–Grs₀₃ and contains primary inclusions of biotite and melt, trapped during garnet growth. A thin (c. 100 μm), irregular mantle overgrows the garnet core, enclosing oriented fibrolite inclusions in strain caps, and biotite in strain shadows. In places, the overgrowths form skeletal elongated arms, which extend parallel to the foliation. The garnet mantle contains less Mn and higher X_Mg, but both core and mantle display flat Mn profiles, the contact being a sharp break. Ternary feldspar and Grt–Bt thermometry yield temperatures in the range 800–900 °C, with no systematic differences among the different microstructural domains of elliptical garnet. Based on the observed intracrystalline microstructures, the high amount of melt extraction in the rock by flattening component strain and the chemical zoning of garnet, the formation of elliptical garnet is modelled by a multistage sequence. This involves pressure solution and reprecipitation of the core, followed by post‐kinematic, partly mimetic growth of the garnet mantle.  相似文献   

Analysis of Turkish precipitation data: homogeneity and the Southern Oscillation forcings on frequency distributions     

M. Çağatay Karabörk  Ercan Kahya  Ali Ümran Kömüşçü 《水文研究》2007,21(23):3203-3210

The homogeneity of newly compiled 212 precipitation records in Turkey for the period 1973‐2002 was checked by the Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) and Pettitt Test. Stations were considered inhomogeneous if at least one of the tests rejects the homogeneity. As a result, 43 out of 212 stations were found to be inhomogeneous. In addition, the previously detected Southern Oscillation (SO)‐related precipitation anomalies by the authors were quantified at each station using the gamma distribution. The observed SO‐related shifts in the median precipitation amounts expressed as gamma percentiles may be considered as a typical SO response of that station. The results of this study confirm the wet responses of Turkish precipitations to El Nino events, whereas those for La Nina events seem to be masked by sampling variations within the study period. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the tropical variability from the Beijing Climate Center’s real-time operational global Ocean Data Assimilation System     

Wei Zhou  Mengyan Chen  Wei Zhuang  Fanghua Xu  Fei Zheng  Tongwen Wu  Xin Wang 《大气科学进展》2016,33(2):208-220

The second-generation Global Ocean Data Assimilation System of the Beijing Climate Center(BCC_GODAS2.0) has been run daily in a pre-operational mode.It spans the period 1990 to the present day.The goal of this paper is to introduce the main components and to evaluate BCC_GODAS2.0 for the user community.BCC_GODAS2.0 consists of an observational data preprocess,ocean data quality control system,a three-dimensional variational(3DVAR) data assimilation,and global ocean circulation model[Modular Ocean Model 4(MOM4)].MOM4 is driven by six-hourly fluxes from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction.Satellite altimetry data,SST,and in-situ temperature and salinity data are assimilated in real time.The monthly results from the BCC_GODAS2.0 reanalysis are compared and assessed with observations for 1990-2011.The climatology of the mixed layer depth of BCC-GODAS2.0 is generally in agreement with that of World Ocean Atlas 2001.The modeled sea level variations in the tropical Pacific are consistent with observations from satellite altimetry on interannual to decadal time scales.Performances in predicting variations in the SST using BCC_GODAS2.0 are evaluated.The standard deviation of the SST in BCC-GODAS2.0 agrees well with observations in the tropical Pacific.BCC-GODAS2.0 is able to capture the main features of E1 Nino Modoki I and Modoki Ⅱ,which have different impacts on rainfall in southern China.In addition,the relationships between the Indian Ocean and the two types of E1 Nino Modoki are also reproduced.  相似文献   

2015/2016年强厄尔尼诺过程及其对全球和中国气候的主要影响   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

翟盘茂  余荣  郭艳君  李庆祥  任雪娟  王亚强  徐文慧  柳艳菊  丁一汇 《气象学报》2016,74(3):309-321

根据全球气候系统和中国的最新观测资料,分析了2015/2016年ENSO循环过程,讨论了强厄尔尼诺过程对2015年全球温度和极端天气气候灾害的可能影响,重点研究了其对中国夏季和秋冬转换季节的降水异常的影响。指出自2015年春季开始,厄尔尼诺条件迅速发展,使得2015年厄尔尼诺成为有观测记录以来最强的三次厄尔尼诺之一,同时由于前期(2014年春季开始)赤道太平洋异常热状况的维持,这次厄尔尼诺也可以视为最长的厄尔尼诺过程。受到长期气候变化趋势和强厄尔尼诺等共同影响,2015年全球地表温度和中国陆面气温均创有观测以来的最高记录。强厄尔尼诺事件在2015年给全球许多地区带来了灾害性天气气候事件,也使得中国夏季华北地区,特别是河套地区、内蒙古中部和环渤海湾地区降水显著减少,并造成一些地区夏季严重干旱。在2015年11-12月厄尔尼诺峰值时期,受到西北太平洋对流层低层菲律宾反气旋性异常环流和中高纬度欧亚-太平洋遥相关型负位相异常环流的共同影响,中国东部出现偏南风异常,造成南方地区降水明显增多,而北方地区偏北风气流受到抑制,PM2.5浓度异常偏高,雾霾天气频繁发生。目前,这一事件快速减弱,但其对全球和中国气候的影响在未来几个月仍将持续。   相似文献   

Archosauriform remains from the Late Triassic of San Luis province,Argentina, Quebrada del Barro Formation,Marayes–El Carrizal Basin     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2016

Here we present archosauriform remains from ‘Abra de los Colorados’, a fossiliferous locality at Sierra de Guayaguas, NW San Luis Province. Two fossiliferous levels were identified in outcrops of the Quebrada del Barro Formation (Norian), which represent the southernmost outcrops of the Marayes–El Carrizal Basin. These levels are composed by massive muddy lithofacies, interpreted as floodplain deposits. The specimens consist of one incomplete maxilla (MIC-V718), one caudal vertebra (MIC-V719), one metatarsal (MIC-V720) and one indeterminate appendicular bone (MIC-V721). The materials can be assigned to Archosauriformes but the fragmentary nature and lack of unambiguous synapomorphies preclude a more precise taxomic assignment. The maxilla is remarkably large and robust and represents the posterior process. It preserved one partially erupted tooth with ziphodont morphology. This bone shows some anatomical traits and size match with ‘rauisuchians’ and theropods. MIC-V719 corresponds to a proximal caudal vertebra. It has a high centrum, a ventral longitudinal furrow, expanded articular processes for the chevrons, a posteriorly displaced diapophysis located below the level of the prezygapophyses, and short prezygapophyses. This vertebra would be from an indeterminate archosauriform. MIC-V720 presents a cylindrical diaphysis, with a well-developed distal trochlea, which present resemblances with metatarsals of theropods, pseudosuchians, and silesaurids, although the size matches better with theropods. MIC-V721 has a slender diaphysis and a convex triangular articular surface, and corresponds to an indeterminate archosauriform. Despite being fragmentary, these materials indicate the presence of a diverse archosauriforms association from Late Triassic beds of San Luis. Thus, they add to the faunal assemblage recently reported from this basin at San Juan Province, which is much rich and diverse than the coeval paleofauna well known from Los Colorados Formation in the Ischigualasto–Villa Union Basin.  相似文献   

DIFFERENT EVOLUTIONS OF THE PHILIPPINE SEA ANTICYCLONE FOR THE IMPACT OF EL NI?O IN PEAK PHASES WITH AND WITHOUT A POSITIVE INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE     

李琰  王庆元  牟林  李欢  宋军  王国松  王慧 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(S1):23-33

The different impacts of El Ni?o during peak phases with and without a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (P-IOD) on the Northwest Pacific circulation were studied. The authors focused on the Northwest Pacific circulation features in the mature phase of El Ni?o from September to February of the next year. Composite maps and simulations demonstrate that the atmospheric circulation under the impact of El Ni?o with and without P-IOD exhibits large differences in temporal evolution and intensity. In single El Ni?o (SE) years without a P-IOD, an anomalous low-level anticyclonic circulation around the Philippines (PSAC) is instigated by the single El Ni?o-induced Indonesian subsidence. However, during the years when El Ni?o and a P-IOD matured simultaneously, a much greater anomalous subsidence over the western Pacific and the Maritime Continent occurred. The PSAC tends to occur earlier, is much stronger and has a longer lifetime than that during SE. More importantly, the PSAC shows a characteristic of an eastward movement from the southern South China Sea (SCS) to the Philippine Sea. This characteristic does not appear during SE. These patterns imply that a positive IOD event tends to exert a prominent influence on the PSAC during El Ni?o events and there is a combined impact of El Ni?o and P-IOD on the development of the PSAC.  相似文献   

Sea surface temperature anomaly in the tropical North Atlantic during El Nino decaying years          下载免费PDF全文

Xinyu Duan  Feng Xue  Fei Zheng 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(6):14-19

基于1979年到2016年多种再分析资料,本文分析了El Ni?o衰减年热带北大西洋的海温异常.结果表明,热带北大西洋海温在此期间呈显著变暖趋势.10次El Ni?o事件的合成结果表明热带北大西洋海温异常在El Ni?o事件峰值之后的春季达到最大值,并持续到夏季.一般而言,这种异常与三个因子有关,即El Nino,北大西洋涛动和长期趋势,能分别导致局地海温上升0.4℃,0.3℃和0.35℃.1983年和2005年的对比分析表明,尽管El Ni?o强度对春季北大西洋海温起到决定性作用,与长期趋势密切相关的前冬海温也很重要.此外,超前-滞后相关结果表明北大西洋涛动超前海温约2-3个月.比较两个冬季相反位相北大西洋涛动的年份(即1992年和2010年),表明北大西洋涛动也能调制北大西洋海温异常.冬季负位相北大西洋涛动能显著增强El Ni?o的强迫影响,反之亦然.换言之,如果北大西洋涛动与El Ni?o位相相合,衰减年北大西洋海温异常才更为显著.因此,为全面理解热带北大西洋海温变化,除长期趋势外,还必须考虑El Ni?o和北大西洋涛动的综合影响.  相似文献