长江三角洲典型稻作区近地层二氧化碳等湍流通量的观测研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

陆龙骅  程彦杰  卞林根  逯昌贵  丁国安 《地球物理学报》2003,46(6):751-759

利用1999年和2000年长江三角洲近地层大气与农田生态系统综合观测试验资料，对常熟地区水稻插秧、拔节、抽穗等不同生长期近地层二氧化碳和感热、潜热、动量等湍流通量特征及变化规律进行了初步研究. 研究结果表明, 平均而言在水稻各生长期，近地面为二氧化碳的汇，白天水稻通过光合作用吸收二氧化碳、夜间则放出二氧化碳，抽穗期消耗的二氧化碳要多于拔节和插秧期；近地面为大气的热源，主要以潜热方式加热大气，尤其是在抽穗期，感热与潜热之比仅为0.058；二氧化碳等湍流通量的变化与辐射平衡各分量及气象要素有显著关系.  相似文献   

Influence of the ground profile on the reduction of earthquake motion at the filled man-made islands in the Kobe harbor during the 1995 Hyogoken Nambu earthquake     

Tadahiro Fukusumi  Hitodhi Ozaki  Masao Koba   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(9-12):893-899

During the 1995 Hyogoken Nambu earthquake in Kobe, the ground motion at the filled man-made islands in the Kobe harbor was not as severe as that at the mainland. The building damage was also less compared to that on the mainland. It was found by comparative study of earthquake records that the magnitude of acceleration response on the ground surface decreases at the islands as opposed to the mainland. One dimensional effective stress analysis is adopted in this study. Input data has been generated from test results, e.g. the SPT N-value by standard penetration test and shear wave velocity V_s by PS logging. Results obtained by the analyses showed good agreement with the observed records, which is an indication of the suitability of the adopted analysis procedure. From this study, the followings are concluded. By the increase of SPT N-value of the filled layers, liquefaction near ground surface is restrained and damage modes such as ejection of water and soil can be prevented. Since the ground profile at the islands is that considerably soft filled layer and marine clay layers, etc. are present and the thickness of the surface layer is large, the initial natural period of the ground is above 1 s and the natural period is elongated further under the earthquake excitation, which is deemed to be the principal reason for the reduction of the earthquake motion at the ground surface.  相似文献   

Seismic hazard in Takamatsu Japan from fault trenching and paleo-liquefaction studies     

S. Hasegawa  W. D. L. Finn 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(9-12):901-909

Takamatsu is a harbor city of 330,000 people on the northern shore of Shikoku Island, southwest Japan. Earthquakes in the Nankai Trough, typically of magnitude M 8+, have been considered the primary source of seismic hazard for the island and Takamatsu. A major active fault system, the Median Tectonic Line, runs across the Shikoku from east to west near the north shore. There is no documented historical seismicity associated with this major fault system in Shikoku or with associated faults such as the 20 km Nagao Fault near Takamatsu. Therefore the trenches were cut across some of the more important faults to expose the record of past seismicity. Additional data on past seismicity is derived from paleo-liquefaction studies in the Takamatsu plain. This paper describes the trenching and paleo-seismic studies and discusses the implications of the findings for seismic hazard in Takamatsu.  相似文献   

Occurrence and characteristics of sporadic sodium layer observed by lidar at a mid-latitude location     

S. S. Gong  G. T. Yang  J. M. Wang  B. M. Liu  X. W. Cheng  J. Y. Xu  W. X. Wan 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2002,64(18)

Na lidar observations of SSL during the past 5 years at a mid-latitude location (Wuhan, China, 31°N, 114°E) are reported in this paper. From 26 SSL events detected in about 230 h of observation, an SSL occurrence rate of 1 event/9 h at our location was obtained. This result, combined with that reported by Nagasawa and Abo (Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (1995) 263) at Tokyo, Japan, reveals that the SSL occurrence can be relatively frequent at some mid-latitude locations. The statistical analyses of main parameters for the 26 SSL events were made, and the results were compared with those previously reported. By examining the corresponding data from a nearby ionosonde, it was found that there was a fairly good correlation between SSL and Es. Of the 18 pairs of SSL and Es events checked, 15 of SSL were accompanied by Es, and 8 pairs of them were correlated within 1 h in time and within 5 km in altitude. From the analyses of observed perturbations during SSL development, the role of dynamic processes of atmosphere in the SSL formations were emphasized.  相似文献   

断层滑动速率,地震重复时间和平均应力降   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

程海旭  吴开统 《地球物理学进展》1996,11(1):75-87

本文综述了国内外大地震复发间隔研究的现状，系统整理了中国大陆活断层滑运速率，已发现的古地震遗迹及古地震复发间隔，结果表明，在滑动速率较在的活断层发现的古地震复发间隔较短，Ｋａｎａｍｏｒｉ和Ａｌｌｅ（１９８５）研究了具有大范围重复时间（２０年到几千年）的板内大地震的震源参数，发现复发间隔较长的大地震具有较高的平均应力降，我们在实验室内研究了应变速率不同时固体围压三轴压缩下完整花岗岩破裂后的粘滑现象。  相似文献   

大气臭氧层,紫外辐射与人类健康   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

柳燕 《地球物理学进展》1998,13(3):103-110

本文首先评述了近数十年来大气Ｏ３层的演变,其中包括全球与中国地区及南极臭氧洞的情况,之后,评述了由此引发的达地面太阳紫外辐射强度的变化,以及对人类健康与环境的影响。  相似文献   

塔河油田碳酸盐岩油藏致密段划分及意义     

李新华  鲍典  张娟 《新疆地质》2013,(1):47-51

针对塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏目前储量动用程度低、开发效果变差的特点,以纵向岩溶分带、油井分段开采特征为基础,首次提出缝洞型油藏致密段定义,利用岩心、测井、单井纵向岩溶带分布特征和开发动态特征及地震波阻抗反演等,建立缝洞型油藏高阻致密段划分标准.采用点、线、面相结合技术流程,研究塔河油田6、7区不同致密段分布.该方法已应用到塔河油田开发中,效果较好,成为“十二五”缝洞型油藏精细描述和提高储量动用主要方法之一.  相似文献   

Deep Structure Beneath the Southwestern Section of the Longmenshan Faults and Lushan Ms7.0 Earthquake on 20 April 2013     

ZHAN Yan  ZHAO Guoze  Martyn Unsworth  WANG Lifeng  CHEN Xiaobin  LI Tao  QIAO Qibin  WANG Jijun  TANG Ji  CAI Juntao  WANG Yuanzhao 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):421-424

  相似文献   

长安少陵塬黄土含水条件与控制因素研究     

赵景波  牛俊杰  王娜  张琪敏 《中国沙漠》2007,27(6):955-959

 根据长安少陵塬杨湾黄土剖面含水层的调查、含水量、孔隙度测定和粒度分析,研究了黄土含水层与隔水层的分布、含水条件及其与第四纪气候变化的关系。结果表明,长安杨湾剖面黄土地层含水量变化代表了与以往研究不同的变化类型,含水量峰值出现在黄土层中,低值出现在红色古土壤层中；从上向下含水量与孔隙度呈波动变化规律；在所研究的剖面中出现的5个含水层均由黄土层构成,隔水层由红色古土壤构成。研究剖面中含水层与隔水层的水理性质主要是它们形成时的气候不同决定的。红色古土壤的隔水性是由于温湿气候条件下的粘土化作用产生的，黄土层的含水空间发育好主要是当时相对冷干的气候条件下的较弱的成壤作用造成的。含水空间发育较好的黄土层和粘化强的红色古土壤隔水层的存在是该黄土剖面中地下水富集的两个基本条件。  相似文献   

沙漠地区春季近地层气象要素分布规律的观测研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

程穆宁  牛生杰 《中国沙漠》2008,28(5):955-961

利用2005年1月至2006年4月朱日和地区20 m气象塔的风向、风速、气温、相对湿度的观测资料,分析沙漠地区春季近地层气象要素的分布规律。结果表明: 春季温度回升,风速最大,相对湿度最小,利于起沙,故沙尘天气频繁。风速满足幂指数率分布规律,并且幂指数m能够很好的反映出风速梯度的变化情况;在沙尘暴、扬沙、背景、浮尘的天气条件下,春季近地面层风速梯度依次增大,湍流动量、热量交换系数依次减小;风向以西南为主。浮尘、扬沙天气各气层平均增温率分别大于或小于同时段的背景大气;沙尘暴期间温度下降,平均降温率为0.61 ℃\5h-1。春季相对湿度的平均递减率(递增率)与平均增温率(降温率)的大小正相关。浮尘天气相对湿度的平均递减率大于同时段的背景大气;扬沙天气相对湿度的平均递减率小于同时段的背景大气;沙尘暴天气相对湿度增大,平均增大率为2.80%\5h-1。  相似文献