Ductile deformation and development of andalusite microstructures in the Hongusan area: Constraints on the metamorphism and tectonics of the Ryoke Belt     

Yoko  Adachi  Simon  Wallis 《Island Arc》2008,17(1):41-56

Abstract   The main mesoscopic features of the ductile deformation in the Hongusan region of the Ryoke Belt can be explained in terms of a single deformation phase, Dm . The associated stretching lineation is roughly east–west and has an associated top-to-the-west sense of shear. This information fills an important gap in our knowledge about the deformational history of the Ryoke metamorphic belt. Andalusite porphyroblasts are well-developed in the Hongusan area and their microstructure can be used to link the deformational history with the metamorphism. However, the andalusite porphyroblasts show both intertectonic and post-tectonic microstructures. Some porphyroblasts have an intertectonic core and post-tectonic rim. Analysis of associated metamorphic minerals and bulk-rock chemistry suggests that the distinct types of microstructure can be explained in terms of distinct formation reactions related to regional and contact metamorphism. The intertectonic microstructure shows the presence of a deformation pre-dating Dm , referred to as Dc . These two deformation stages are sufficient to account for all the main deformation features. The distribution of post-tectonic andalusite growth shows a very broad thermal effect around an intrusion in the area. This can help place constraints on the thermal history of the Ryoke metamorphic belt.  相似文献   

Microhabitat use by endangered Iberian cyprinids nase Iberochondrostoma almacai and chub Squalius aradensis     

José M. Santos  Maria T. Ferreira 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2008,70(3):272-281

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Fe,Mn, P and S Speciation in Sediments from the Capivara Hydroelectric Dam Lake (Brazil) as an Indicator of Anthropogenic Influences     

Wagner José Barreto  Dilson Norio Ishikawa  Ieda Spacino Scarminio  João de Souza Costa  Paulo dos Santos Nora  Miriam de Fatima Soares  Romilaine Mansano Nicolau  Adriana Celeste Esteves Gonçalves  Sonia Regina Giancoli Barreto 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(4):353-359

The conservation of large water resources is essential for the preservation of human life. The quantification and, more importantly, the speciation of chemical substances that indicate the presence of anthropogenic contamination in water resources are of great importance. This paper presents the results of analysis for the determination of organic, inorganic and total phosphorus, pseudo‐sulfur, and iron and manganese, in five fractions, in water sediments collected from the Capivara Hydroelectric Power Plant, Brazil. A study on the seasonal variation of these parameters was conducted, with data having been collected in the winter and in the summer, at two sites along the dam, 5 km apart, close to the city of Primeiro de Maio. Phosphorous was found in sediments and adjacent soil in the organic form (OP), and was used as an indicator of anthropogenic influence on the reservoir banks. Speciation of potentially toxic Mn showed that it is present in the exchangeable fraction of the 0–5 cm depth layer (sediment/water interface), making its transfer to the water column possible. Results from this study showed that domestic and industrial effluent treatment measures are needed for the preservation of the quality of aquatic environments.  相似文献   

峡东地区南华纪-寒武纪地层风化过程元素及Sr-Nd同位素演化特征及其地球化学意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张永清  凌文黎  李方林 《地球科学》2008,33(3):301-312

以峡东地区南华纪、震旦纪和寒武纪标准地层泥岩、冰碛泥岩、砂岩、灰岩和白云质灰岩及对应的风化土壤为研究对象, 分析了地层风化成土过程中不同元素的迁移行为, 根据剖面样品的Sr-Nd同位素组成变化, 探讨了其同位素体系的封闭性特征与应用意义.结果表明: (1) 不同岩性基岩在成土过程中的蚀变强度有明显的差异, 在相似地表条件下, 碳酸岩风化剖面的风化程度高于泥质岩和砂岩; (2) 通过对比稳定高场强Ti元素在基岩和风化剖面中的含量变化, 计算出土壤样品在风化过程中体积相对基岩发生的改变量, 进而计算出不同岩性基岩在风化过程中微量元素的绝对含量变化以探讨这些元素的活动规律.结果表明, 灰岩和白云质灰岩的风化剖面元素含量变化明显, 而在泥质岩风化过程中大多数元素保持了相对稳定, 说明沉积岩风化过程中元素的活动性特征明显地受到了原岩矿物组成的制约.风化过程中, 不同性质的元素的活动性差异明显, 其中亲硫元素(Cu、Zn、Pb、Mo) 和大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Sr、Ba) 在不同岩性的风化剖面中均表现出明显的元素含量变化, 而高场强元素(Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta) 含量则相对稳定; (3) 泥质岩风化形成的土壤层REE含量变化较小, 而碳酸岩风化土壤层REE含量发生了明显下降, 且其风化形成的土壤表现出LREE和HREE相对于MREE的富集.无论是碳酸岩或泥质岩风化形成的土壤, 均出现了明显的Eu负异常和Ce的正异常, 但在其原岩中这些异常并不存在或不明显; (4) 基岩与土壤剖面间Sr同位素组成和Rb/Sr比值存在明显差异, Rb-Sr同位素组成发生了明显的开放.所形成土壤层的Sr同位素组成受到2种因素的约束: 原岩性质和外来组成的Sr同位素比值.因此在总体上, 风化土壤的Sr同位素组成已不能代表基岩的Sr同位素组成; (5) 沉积岩风化过程中, 碳酸岩和泥质岩形成的风化土壤基本保持了原岩的Sm-Nd同位素组成特点, 由其组成所获得的Nd同位素亏损地幔模式年龄等能反映其原岩信息, 而近源沉积形成的砂岩和含砾冰碛泥岩所形成的土壤, 其Nd同位素组成则存在不同程度的改变.   相似文献   

川东北飞仙关组鲕滩气藏天然气运聚效率   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李吉君  卢双舫  薛海涛  胡国艺  谢增业  徐庆霞 《地球科学》2008,33(4):565-571

设计进行了封闭体系下原油裂解成气的模拟实验, 建立并标定了原油裂解成气及其碳同位素分馏的化学动力学模型, 以罗家寨气田罗家7井为例分别进行了地质应用.生烃动力学研究发现, 飞仙关组古油藏具备“高效气源灶”的特点, 原油在中晚侏罗世172~151Ma约20Ma时期内裂解殆尽, 且原油裂解气的生成与其运聚成藏作用具有良好的时空匹配关系, 由此可促成飞仙关组气藏天然气的高效运聚.碳同位素分馏动力学研究证实甲烷成藏参与率达87%.利用生烃动力学与碳同位素分馏动力学结合的方法对天然气的运聚效率进行探讨是一个新的有效途径.   相似文献   

多孔介质中含均相/非均相反应传质过程数值模拟     

武文华  李锡夔 《岩土力学》2008,29(5):1152-1158

结合化学反应方程式,并应用多孔多相介质溶混污染物输运过程的数值模型,对多孔多相介质中含均相/非均相化学反应传质过程进行了数值模拟。化学反应主要包含均相快速/慢速和非均相快速/慢速等5种化学反应过程,溶质输运行为的控制机制主要考虑对流、扩散及降解、吸附等。基于原有的隐式特征线Galerkin离散化的有限元方法,求解模型控制方程的边值初值问题,求解过程中把均相化学反应物质中按照反应物和生成物分开,非均相反应物质按照固相和液相分开,对均相反应物及非均相液相物质浓度耦合求解,而均相生成物和非均相固相物质独立求解。使方程组按照其不同类型进行分类,同时可减少未知数的个数。对于含有非线性内状态变量的右端项进行迭代求解。数值例题结果验证了所提出的数值方法的有效性、计算精度和稳定性。  相似文献   

岩溶石漠化山地不同退耕模式土壤抗蚀性及其与结构体分形关系研究   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

胡宁  傅瓦利  马志敏  甄晓君  袁红 《中国岩溶》2008,27(2):115-121

通过对岩溶石漠化山地中小尺度范围内的现有三种主要退耕模式及对照地土壤抗蚀性主成分分析及与各级结构体分形维数关系研究,结果表明: ( 1)研究区退耕地在3～ 6年内土壤抗蚀性均发生了比较明显的变化,但都介于传统耕地与马尾松次生灌丛之间,其中以具有复式结构的退耕樟树+ 草被退耕模式的抗蚀效果较理想; ( 2)与传统旱耕地不同,各退耕模式土壤抗蚀性均是A层土壤强于B层土壤,表明退耕有利于A层土壤抗蚀性迅速提高,尤其是草本+ 乔灌模式对A层土壤抗蚀性的提高更为显著; ( 3)> 0. 25mm 水稳性团聚体含量及破坏率、水稳性指数、有机质含量为评价土壤抗蚀性的最佳四指标; ( 4)微团聚体、风干团聚体分形维数表征土壤抗蚀性有一定的局限性,而机械组成、水稳定性团聚体分维数与抗蚀性综合分值相关性较高,尤其是水稳性团聚体分形维数可较好地反映出土壤的抗蚀特性。   相似文献   

金昌市铜镍矿区周围土壤中重金属的迁移特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李小虎  汤中立  初凤友 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(1):131

对金昌矿区不同区域土壤5~20 cm层中重金属各化学形态及活性态的迁移行为进行了研究,结果表明：土壤中重金属不同化学形态迁移率不同,弱酸提取态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态平均迁移率分别为0.13、0.51、0.30和0.54。重金属总量和活性态（包括弱酸提取态、可还原态、可氧化态）迁移率也表现出很大差异,尾矿区土壤Cr总量迁移率较高为0.65,而其活性态迁移率较低为0.26,Ni与Cr迁移特征完全相反,总量迁移率为0.26,而活性态迁移率为0.67;农田土壤中Pb总量迁移率低而活性态迁移率高,Ni与Zn特征相似,总量迁移率高而活性态迁移率相对较低;大棚地土壤中重金属迁移率均较低,Cu和Ni活性态几乎未发生向下迁移。可见,重金属的迁移与其化学形态分布关系密切,与重金属总量的迁移率相比,活性态迁移率能够更有效地反映出土壤中重金属的迁移特征和潜在危害性。  相似文献   

Soil erosion risk evaluation using GIS in the Yuanmou County, a dry-hot valley of Yunnan, China     

HongYi Zhou  HuiXia Li 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(3):0249-0257

Soil erosion is a major threat to sustainable agriculture. Evaluating regional erosion risk is increasingly needed by national and in-ternational environmental agencies. This study elaborates a model (using spatial principal component analysis [SPCA]) method for the evaluation of soil erosion risk in a representative area of dry-hot valley (Yuanmou County) at a scale of 1:100,000 using a spatial database and GIS. The model contains seven factors: elevation, slope, annual precipitation, land use, vegetation, soil, and population density. The evaluation results show that five grades of soil erosion risk: very low, low, medium, high, and very high. These are divided in the study area, and a soil erosion risk evaluation map is created. The model may be applicable to other areas of China because it utilizes spatial data that are generally available.  相似文献   

Study on the Phenomenon of Geomagnetic Low-value Displacement before Moderately Strong Earthquakes in Gansu     

Zhang Suping  Feng Jiangang 《中国地震研究》2009,23(2):200-209

This paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of geomagnetic low-value displacement in Gansu and its adjacent areas from 1995 to 2003 on the basis of the data of the daily amplitude minimum value time of the geomagnetic vertical component. It is shown that in addition to the changing rules of geomagnetic low-value displacement itself, there is a better correlation between geomagnetic low-value displacement and the occurrence of moderately strong earthquakes. There appeared to be geomagnetic low-value displacement before the moderately strong earthquakes in Gansu in the 9 years from 1995 to 2003. This result indicates that geomagnetic low-value displacement is of instructive significance for earthquake prediction to some extents.  相似文献