GPS对流层延迟模型的比较分析     

袁丰波  潘元进  何美琳  文鸿雁 《地理空间信息》2012,(2):119-121

基于GPS对流层模型,对几种模型进行实际应用的对比,通过GAMIT软件对CORS数据进行处理,分析得出了几种模型在GPS反演大气水汽含量应用中的精度。  相似文献   

Monitoring directions and rates of change in trees outside forests through multitemporal analysis of map sequences   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tobias Plieninger 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):566-576

This study explores the potential of historical maps to detect, measure and monitor changes of trees outside forests. The main goal is to assess local-level changes of scattered trees and orchards and their land-use determinants in two areas in Southern Germany between 1901/1905 and 2009. Firstly, overall landscape changes are recorded. Secondly, the spatial-temporal trajectories of scattered trees and their land-use determinants are identified. Thirdly, changes in quantity and fragmentation patterns of traditional orchards are analyzed in their relationship to overall land-cover change. The results confirm major losses in scattered trees, mainly due to urbanization, agricultural intensification, and land abandonment. They further reveal that, while orchards have persisted in total area, they have undergone critical changes toward a simplified landscape structure and loss of the traditional land-use mosaic, which is a characterizing feature of high nature value landscapes. Multi-temporal assessment showed that most trends have been continuous and did not change directions over time, but rather accelerated during periods of rapid change (most dramatically in the 1950-1990 period). The case of orchards and scattered trees illustrates a major problem of cultural landscapes in Europe: Semi-natural landscape features of high nature value are threatened by both intensification and abandonment of land uses. This makes their conservation a potentially costly enterprise, as both opportunity costs for lost alternative land uses and for conservation management costs arise.  相似文献   

Agricultural land use dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon based on remote sensing and census data     

Giovana M. de Espindola  Ana Paula D. de AguiarEdzer Pebesma  Gilberto CâmaraLeila Fonseca 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):240-252

The potential impact of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon on greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere calls for policies that take account of changes in forest cover. Although much research has focused on the location and effects of deforestation, little is known about the distribution and reasons for the agricultural uses that replace forest cover. We used Landsat TM-based deforestation and agricultural census data to generate maps of the distribution and proportion of four major agricultural land uses throughout the Brazilian Amazon in 1997 and 2007. We built linear and spatial regression models to assess the determinant factors of deforestation and those major agricultural land uses - pasture, temporary agriculture and permanent agriculture - for the states of Pará, Rondônia, and Mato Grosso. The data include 30 determinant factors that were grouped into two years (1996 and 2006) and in four categories: accessibility to markets, public policies, agrarian structure, and environment. We found an overall expansion of the total agricultural area between 1997 and 2007, and notable differences between the states of Pará, Rondônia, and Mato Grosso in land use changes during this period. Regression models for deforestation and pasture indicated that determinant factors such as distance to roads were more influential in 1997 than in 2007. The number of settled families played an important role in the deforestation and pasture, the effect was stronger in 2007 than 1997. Indigenous lands were significant in preventing deforestation in high-pressure areas in 2007. For temporary and permanent agricultures, our results show that in 1997 the effect of small farms was stronger than in 2007. The mapped land use time series and the models explain empirically the effects of land use changes across the region over one decade.  相似文献   

Observed Impact of the South Asian Summer Monsoon on the Local Meteorology in the Himalayas   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

ZHOU Libo  ZOU Han  MA Shupo  LI Peng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(2):205-215

The South Asian summer monsoon(SASM) is the most important climate system in Asia.Using observational data from the HEST2006(Himalayan Exchange between the Surface and Troposphere 2006) campaign and large-scale grid data,this paper analyzed the SASM impact on local meteorological parameters including radiation,temperature,humidity,and wind in the Himalayas.The SASM experienced one active and one break period during the HEST2006 campaign.The local meteorological parameters exhibit great differences between the active period and the break period of the SASM.The radiation fluxes are greater in the break period than in the active period.The air temperature and specific humidity are lower,but soil temperature and wind speed are higher in the break period than in the active period.Further analysis indicates that the SASM greatly affects the meteorological features of the Himalayan region.  相似文献   

GPS水汽处理的设计与实现     

王棋 《北京测绘》2012,(1):47-49

介绍地基GPS气象学的基本原理,并利用VB编程语言编程实现GPS水汽计算和结果的图形化显示。同时对某地2008年5月份的根据三种静力学延迟模型反演的气象数据和降水数据进行分析,探索模型的适用情况。  相似文献   

北京地区细菌性痢疾医疗气象预报模式及流行风险水平评估     

张姝丽  孙培源  张德山  蒲永兰  韦懿云  赵娜  宛公展 《气候与环境研究》2009,14(6):673-677

研究了北京市海淀区2004～2006年全年逐日细菌性痢疾发病率与地面气象要素的相关关系.结果发现,细菌性痢疾发病与水汽压(空气绝对湿度)高度相关,单相关系数平均可达0.85以上.在所有候选预报因子中,它的方差贡献可占80%.采用多元回归概率分级技术,建立了细菌性痢疾医疗气象预报及风险水平评估模式.该模式预报结果可为各级疾病预防控制中心指导广大城乡居民卫生防疫提供科学依据.  相似文献   

西藏色齐拉山地区立体气候特征初步分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜军  高荣  马鹏飞  刘远明  周刊社 《四川气象》2009,(1):14-18

利用西藏色齐拉山地区不同海拔高度的8个自动站和3个实测气象站1年的近地面观测资料,分析了该地区气温、地温、降水量、湿度和风速等气象要素的季节变化特征,探讨了东、西坡局地气候特征差异形成的原因。结果表明：色齐拉山地区1月为最冷月、7月为最暖月;月平均最高气温、最低气温与平均气温的季节变化一致。气温日较差大年较差小。年平均气温直减率东、西坡分别为0．54℃／100m和0．73℃／100m,西坡大于东坡。地气温差冬季西坡大于东坡,夏季东坡大于西坡。年、月平均地温直减率西坡仍大于东坡;东坡除夏季7、8月份外,地温直减率小于气温直减率;西坡除冬季（12月和1月）,地温直减率大于气温直减率。降水量东坡比西坡多,海拔2500m以上地区4～10月降水总量随着海拔高度的升高呈增加趋势,增加率为20．9mm／100m。空气相对湿度冬季低夏季高,年变化呈单峰型。东、西坡冬季风速较强夏季相对较弱,初春风速最大。东、西坡气候差异与海拔高度、坡向、下垫面性质有关。  相似文献   

中国地区高空气象探测气球空间漂移分析   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

李伟  李书严  王建凯  谢庄  刘风琴 《气象学报》2010,68(3):421-427

利用中国120个探空站2004年08时所有探空气球漂移信息,结合NCEP再分析场,分析规定等压面上的时空漂移规律,重点选择100、500与925 hPa等压面,采用1、4、7、10月分别代表冬季、春季、夏季、秋季4个季节。初步分析表明;气球的漂移方向主要是受大气环流影响,不同季节中国受不同的系统影响,导致漂移的方向差异明显,夏季以西南漂移为主,冬季、春季与秋季以西北漂移为主,但是在100 hPa以上4个季节均以西南漂移为主,以冬季的漂移距离最大,漂移距离超过120km,夏季最小,约为40 km,春、秋季次之,接近70 km。漂移距离的差异东部比西部显著;沿经圈漂移以向南为主,冬、春与秋季沿经圈漂移以向南为主,春季漂移最大,超过5 km;冬、秋季节漂移距离分别超过3与2 km,夏季沿经圈漂移受大尺度环流影响,200 hPa以下向北漂移,最远漂移超过1 km,200 hPa以上转向南漂移,最远漂移达3 km;沿纬圈以向东为主,以冬季最大,达77 km,夏季最小,接近13 km,春、秋季次之,分别达49和46 km;沿纬圈漂移量要大于沿经圈漂移量,沿纬圈漂移全年平均接近60 km,沿经圈漂移量全年平均接近3.5 km,有量级上的差别;从低层到高层漂移量呈增大趋势,漂移大的范围随高度往西扩张;探空漂移的整体分布范围较大,并且比较均匀。同时还选取了个例分析低空急流条件下探空漂移,结果显示对于中小尺度天气系统不可忽略。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲城市群对雷暴的影响   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

钱嘉星  徐海明  万齐林 《热带气象学报》2010,26(1):40-48

利用2000—2007年广东省闪电定位仪所获得的地闪资料和广东省86个气象站所统计的雷暴日资料,对广东省(特别是珠江三角洲城市群区域)的雷暴日闪电频次变化进行了分析。结果表明:虽然珠三角城市群雷暴日与非城市群雷暴日相差不大,8年中变化也不大,但总闪远多于非城市群,总闪在8年中也有显著增长。珠三角城市群的单个雷暴的闪电频次要远多于非城市群区域,总闪增长也主要是单个雷暴的闪电频次的增长。而且,珠三角城市群对前汛期雷暴影响大,对后汛期影响相对较小。  相似文献   

印尼贯穿流对热带太平洋-印度洋海温异常综合模影响的初步模拟研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

吴海燕  李崇银  张铭 《热带气象学报》2010,26(5):513-520

印尼海域是联系热带太平洋和印度洋的纽带,为了讨论印度尼西亚贯穿流对热带太平洋-印度洋海温异常综合模的影响,利用一个准全球海洋环流模式,设计了打开、关闭印度尼西亚通道的数值试验对该问题进行初步探讨。试验结果表明,印尼贯穿流对热带太平洋、印度洋海温和海流的模拟有重要影响。在海洋表层,印尼贯穿流对热带太平洋-印度洋海温异常综合模所起作用不大,这时海洋的外强迫(大气风场、太阳辐射等)起主要作用;而在次表层,印尼贯穿流对热带太平洋-印度洋海温异常综合模起着重要的作用。  相似文献