Temporal Stability and Periodicity of Groundwater Electrical Conductivity in Luohuiqu Irrigation District,China          下载免费PDF全文

Guoce Xu  Kexin Lu  Zhanbin Li  Peng Li  Haibo Liu  Shengdong Cheng  Zongping Ren 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(7):995-1001

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卫星遥感结合气象资料计算的西北干旱区地面感热特征分析     

王慧  李栋梁 《高原气象》2012,31(2):312-321

选取1981年7月-2006年12月美国国家海洋和大气局(NOAA)系列卫星观测的归一化植被指数(NDVI)资料和Ch-INDV参数化关系式,计算了我国西北干旱区84个测站历年各月的地表热力输送系数Ch值和地面感热通量序列,得到如下主要结论:(1)西北干旱区地面感热通量实际计算值与ERA-40再分析感热资料相比,两者在数值大小、分布形势和年际变化趋势上均较一致,感热实际计算值的空间分布更明显地突出了各气象站所在区域的局地特征。(2)西北干旱区地面感热输送呈单峰型年变化特征,春、夏季非常强,秋、冬季较弱;大部分区域全年均为正值,地表为感热源。(3)以97.5°E为界,西北干旱区东、西部具有不同的年际变化趋势,东部的地面感热四季均有逐年增加的趋势,而西部秋、冬季逐年略有增加,春、夏季逐年减弱明显,气候倾向率分别为-1.15 W.m-2.(10a)-1和-2.08W.m-2.(10a)-1。(4)西北干旱区地面感热输送具有明显的年代际变化特征,1980年代总体偏强,1990年代总体偏弱,2000年以来,西北地区中部的感热输送偏弱,东、西部除个别测站外均偏强。(5)西北干旱区的感热变化并不只由地气温差的变化来决定,它与地面风速和地表状况的变化也有较强的依赖关系。在冬季,主要响应地气温差的变化,春季地面风速和地气温差的影响作用同等重要,夏季以地面风速的影响为主,地气温差的影响次之,秋季与夏季相反。另外,夏季地表状况对感热的影响作用也不容忽视。  相似文献   

Long-term Reconstructions and Simulations of the Hydrological Cycle in the Inland Rivers,Arid China: A Case Study of the Shiyang River Drainage Basin     

Li Yu  Liu Yuan 《地球科学进展》2017,32(7):731-743

Hydrological cycles of inland rivers are highlighted in paleoclimate studies of arid regions. A great number of studies have been published in this regard, but most of the studies have mainly used climate proxies to reconstruct the evolution of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment, and there have been little long-term simulation and reconstruction experiments. Concerning this issue, we systematically carried out the long-term reconstruction and simulation experiments of hydrological cycle based on paleoenvironment records of the Shiyang River drainage basin with a lot of methods such as paleoclimate simulations, the Holocene monsoon simulations, lake water and energy balance model and quantitative reconstruction of paleo-precipitation and paleo-runoff. The results showed that the simulation results had a good consistency with the reconstruction results, indicating that mid-Holocene was “climatic optimum” in the Holocene. This research provided a new perspective for reconstruction and simulation studies of climate change in arid areas.  相似文献   

Climate Change and Silk Road Civilization Evolution in Arid Central Asia: Progress and Issues   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fahu Chen  Guanghui Dong  Jianhui Chen  Yongqi Gao  Wei Huang  Tao Wang  Shengqian Chen  Juzhi Hou 《地球科学进展》2019,34(6):561-572

Arid central Asia is one of the regions most sensitive to global climate change, as well as the region with dramatically hydrological changes and fragile ecosystems. The region includes the main body of the ancient Silk Road, which played a key role in the cultural exchange and the rise and fall of Silk Road civilization. Scientific assessment of the risks faced by the sustainable development of human society in the arid central Asia under the background of global warming is a major scientific issue that has received much attention. The study of the relationship between cultural exchange, development of Silk Road civilization and climate change can provide a scientific basis for understanding the evolution rules of human-land relationship on different timescales in this area. This study summarized the research progress in the history of cultural exchanges, the rise and fall of Silk Road civilization, climate change during the Holocene, forcing mechanisms of climate and hydrological change on different timescales, as well as the process and rule of human-environment interaction. On this basis, we proposed that the study of the temporal and spatial patterns of Holocene climate change and the evolution of Silk Road civilization in arid central Asia, as well as the research on the interaction mechanisms between human and environment, are obviously insufficient. Solving the problems of regional imbalance of climate change and cultural evolution in arid central Asia and strengthening the cross-disciplinary study of geoscience and archaeology are effective ways to promote the study of climate change and changes of Silk Road civilization, which has important scientific and practical significance for understanding the evolution of human-land relations in the region, coping with the challenges of climate change, and serving the “One Belt, One Road” strategy.  相似文献   

干旱区污灌土壤作物系统Cu、Zn的行为特性   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

南忠仁  李吉均 《盐湖研究》2001,9(1):25-29

通过对干旱区污灌农田主要作物体中重金属 Cu、Zn生态行为的调查研究得出 :1不同作物对所选研究元素吸收累积的顺序为 :玉米 >小麦 ;不同元素在作物体内迁移能力为 :Zn>Cu。 2作物不同部位研究元素的累积态势为 :根 >茎 >籽。 3同一元素在不同剂量区作物体内吸收累积量的大小差别显著  相似文献   

干旱区绿洲诱发的中尺度运动的模拟及其关键因子的敏感性实验   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：9  

张强  于学泉 《高原气象》2001,20(1):58-65

利用一个非静力平衡的、高分辨的、二维中尺度大气数值模式，并在仅考虑简单过程的情况下，模拟了干旱区中绿洲所诱发的中尺度运动，并进行了这种中尺度大气运动的强度对绿洲水平尺度、绿洲与周围环境的水平热力差异、大尺度背景场水平风速和大尺度地表加热率等一些重要物理参数关系的敏感性实验研究。研究发现：中尺度大气运动强度随水平热力差异的增大而加强，随背景场水平风速和大尺度地表加热率增强而分别减弱。但随绿洲水平尺度的变化并不像前三个因子一样为单调函数，而是在绿洲水平尺度为20km时中尺度大气运动最强，绿洲水平尺度更大或更小时中尺度大气运动强度均会减弱。通过统计甘肃省河西地区的绿洲水平尺度分布规律，发现绿洲分布最集中的尺度在15－25km，与模拟所得到的能源发最强中尺度运动的绿洲水平尺度基本一致。  相似文献   

Thermoregulatory and osmoregulatory responses to dehydration in the bushy-tailed gerbil Sekeetamys calurus     

Niv Palgi  Abraham Haim   《Journal of Arid Environments》2003,55(4):727-736

Desert rodents are occasionally exposed to long spells of drought. We aimed to examine how such dehydrating conditions affect resting metabolic rate (RMR), non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and osmoregulatory capabilities in the desert inhabiting species Sekeetamys calurus. Dehydration was imposed by gradually increasing salinity of drinking water and by feeding the animals a high-protein diet. S. calurus responded to osmotic stress by reducing RMR, increasing NST capacity, reducing urine volume and increasing urine concentration. It is suggested that the reduction in RMR is an adaptation for conserving water, while the increase in NST capacity compensates for the reduction in RMR.  相似文献   

The indication of morphological degradation of streams and rivers using Simuliidae     

Christian K. Feld  Ellen Kiel  Melanie Lautenschlger 《Limnologica》2002,32(3)

Blackfly communities from five German stream types out of two ecoregions (small and mid-sized siliceous gravel-bed mountain streams of the Central mountains, ecoregion 9, and organic type brooks, small and mid-sized sand-bottomed Central lowland streams of ecoregion 14) are compared. Ecoregional, as well as stream type-specific biocoenotic differences are discussed. The presence of Prosimulium sp. was restricted to mountain streams, whereas Simulium lineatum seemed to prefer mid-sized sand-bottomed Central lowland streams, and S. vernum showed a clear preference for Central lowland streams. An Index of Morphological Stress (IMS), derived from 22 geo-hydromorphological parameters recorded during sampling in the field, is presented. According to the IMS values, sites are divided into morphologically ‘unstressed’ sites (high or good morphological quality) and ‘stressed’ sites (moderate, poor or bad morphological quality), and biocoenotic differences of the two categories are discussed. Two stream types and the entire data set showed significantly higher numbers of taxa at ‘unstressed’ sites. Linear Multiple Regression (LMR) was used to identify geo-hydromorphological parameters that significantly explain the variance of the three most constant taxa, Prosimulium sp., P. hirtipes and Simulium sp. in the LMR model.  相似文献   

西北干旱区土建筑遗址加固概述   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

王银梅 《工程地质学报》2003,11(2):189-192

西北干旱区土建筑遗址很多, 有些还是世界文化遗产。由于风蚀风化作用强烈, 西北干旱区大批的土建筑遗址已破坏严重, 因而开展土建遗址加固研究十分必要。钾水玻璃 (PS)是一种水溶性的无机胶结加固材料, 本文全面详尽地总结了PS加固土建筑遗址技术, 就加固机理作了初步探讨。认识到PS是西北干旱地区土遗址加固的一种有效方法, 可达到较理想的加固效果。  相似文献   

西北干旱区荒漠戈壁陆面过程的数值模拟   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

曹晓彦  张强 《气象学报》2003,61(2):219-225

首先利用“中国西北干旱区陆 气相互作用试验”2 0 0 0年 5～ 6月在甘肃敦煌进行的陆 气相互作用野外试验的观测资料 ,确定了西北干旱区荒漠戈壁的陆面过程参数 ,并用这些参数改进了已有的陆面过程模式。然后用该陆面过程模式对敦煌陆 气相互作用野外试验荒漠戈壁上的大气感热通量、潜热通量、摩擦速度以及净辐射、地表和土壤温度、土壤水份等重要陆面变量进行了模拟 ,结果表明 ,模拟值与观测值非常接近 ,这说明改进后的模式对干旱区陆面过程有较强的模拟能力  相似文献