Zooplankton trends: US north-east shelf ecosystem and adjacent regions differ from north-east Atlantic and North Sea     

Jossi  J. W.; Goulet  J. R.  Jr 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1993,50(3):303-313

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Monitoring the incidence of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in rivers and fisheries of the United Kingdom and Ireland: current progress and recommendations for future programmes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Walker  Alan M.; Beveridge  Malcolm C.M.; Crozier  Walter; O Maoileidigh  Niall; Milner  Nigel 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(7):1201-1210

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Comparison of the susceptibility of sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) to sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer, 1837)) infections     

Dawson  L. H. J.; Pike  A. W.; Houlihan  D. F.; McVicar  A. H. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1997,54(6):1129-1139

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Balance of Volume Transports between Horizontal Circulation and Meridional Overturn in the North Pacific Subarctic Region     

Tsurane Kuragano  Masafumi Kamachi 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(2):439-451

Horizontal and meridional volume transports on timescales from intra-seasonal to interannual in the North Pacific subarctic region were investigated using a reanalysis dataset for 1993–2001 that was constructed from an assimilation of the TOPEX altimeter and in situ data into an eddy-permitting North Pacific ocean general circulation model. The barotropic flow is excited along east of the Emperor Seamounts by the western intensification dynamics. The volume transport of this flow compensates for that across the interior region east of the Seamounts below the summit depth of the Seamounts. The Oyashio, which is also considered as a compensation flow for the transport in the whole interior region, includes baroclinic as well as barotropic components. Baroclinic transports in the whole interior region exceed those in the western boundary region in the upper (200–1000 m) and lower (2000–5000 m) layers, and the total transport is northward (southward) in the upper (lower) layer. These excesses of the baroclinic transport are balanced by a vertical transport of the meridional overturn. The meridional overturn has a complementary relation to the basin-scale baroclinic circulation in the North Pacific subactic region. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Stock structure of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in West Greenland waters: implications of transport and migration     

Storr-Paulsen  Marie; Wieland  Kai; Hovgard  Holger; Ratz  Hans-Joachim 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2004,61(6):972-982

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Monitoring coastal northern cod: towards an optimal survey of Smith Sound, Newfoundland   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

Rose  George A 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2003,60(3):453-462

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Short-term responses to sewage discharge and storms of subtidal sand-bottom macrozoobenthic assemblages off Mar del Plata City, Argentina (SW Atlantic)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

R. Elías  J.R. Palacios  M.S. Rivero  E.A. Vallarino 《Journal of Sea Research》2005,53(4):231-242

This work describes short-term responses of sandy-bottom infaunal macrobenthic communities to environmental disturbances, such as episodic storms and the intertidal sewage discharge of the Mar del Plata City (38° S, 57° W, Argentina). Sewage discharge increases by up to 60% every summer due to tourism pressure. Episodic storms affect the area during autumn-winter and arguably have a cleaning effect on the water and sediment quality. Quantitative data on benthic communities (based on Van Veen grab samples), water and sediment variables were obtained in November 1999 and March 2000. During March the sampling was carried out before and after a storm. Parametric and non- parametric tests showed highly significant differences in both environmental (pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, grain size and total organic carbon of sediments) and biological data (species distribution and abundances, density, species number, diversity and evenness), reflecting changes that might be related to increasing sewage discharge between November and March, and to storm effects of March. High values of pH and dissolved oxygen, including a slight stratification in the water column, as well as high values of mean grain size and total organic carbon were observed in March with the increasing sewage volume. Nevertheless, diversity and evenness showed low values, but higher density. The ratio crustacean/polychaetes + molluscs also showed low values compared to November data. Maldanid polychaetes (indicator of low content of organic matter in sediments) dominated in November, but they were replaced by the polychaete Prionospio spp. (indicator of organic enrichment in subtidal areas) and the tanaidacean Kalliapseudes schubarti in March. Before the storm event, values of both environmental and biological data returned to relatively normal conditions, but without reaching the November values, reflecting the disturbance produced by a moderate northern storm. In spite of an inappropriate replication in time, the present results strongly suggest that these changes were related to both sewage disturbance and storm effects. These data are in agreement with and explain the pattern observed in shallow-shelf benthic communities of the SW Atlantic. Implications for environmental management and decision making are discussed, because a pulse disturbance (storms) becomes a press disturbance, keeping the environment healthy in spite of strong pressure and pulse sewage-disturbances.  相似文献   

东海和南黄海夏季环流的斜压模式   总被引：17，自引：6，他引：17  

王辉 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(1):73-78

基于拉格朗日余流及其输运过程的一种三维空间弱非线性理论，引进了黑潮边界力及长江径流，给出了东海和南黄海的夏季环流及上升流区的分布。计算结果表明：在黑潮西侧存在着台湾－对马暖流系统；进入朝鲜海峡的对马暖流来自台湾暖流、黑潮、东海混合水和西朝鲜沿岸流；黄海暖流主要来源于东海混合水，表面有部分来自对马暖流；闽浙沿岸存在上升流区且构成一带状区域；在长江口外、东海东北部和陆坡上也存在在上升流式；陆坡处上升流  相似文献   

Annual and decadal variability in the western subtropical North Atlantic: signal characteristics and sampling methodologies     

Robert L. Molinari 《Progress in Oceanography》2004,62(1):33-66

Upper ocean (above 750 m) temperature structure of the northwestern subtropical Atlantic, including the Gulf Stream and a recirculation gyre south of the Stream, is characterized using primarily bathythermograph (BT) data collected between 1950 and 2003. Geostrophic calculations, using mean temperature-salinity relationships to compute dynamic height, are used to estimate velocities and transports. The mean annual Gulf Stream transport at 72° W relative to 750 m, 36.1 Sv, is approximately equal to the sum of the transport of the Florida Current, 32.0 Sv, and a shallow recirculation gyre described by Wang and Koblinsky [Journal of Physical Oceanography 26 (1996) 2462-2479], 5.5 Sv. The annual cycle of geostrophic transport relative to 750 m at 72° W is in phase with both an earlier published annual cycle of transport relative to 2000 m derived from hydrographic observations and the annual cycle of Florida Current transport measured indirectly by a submarine cable (i.e., maximum transports are observed in the summer and minimum in the fall, early winter). However, simple Sverdrup dynamics are inadequate to explain these cycles as maximum Sverdrup transports extend from winter to summer, while observed transports are minimum (maximum) in fall/winter (summer). The annual cycles derived from the BT data of the size of the shallow southern recirculation gyre, Gulf Stream position and upper layer transport (relative to 300 m) are in phase (maximum size, northern position and transport in fall) and consistent with the WK results derived from altimetry. However, the shallower annual cycles are out of phase with the deeper signals (i.e., maximum for the former (latter) are observed in fall (summer)). Decadal signals after 1965 in Gulf Stream position, geostrophic transport relative to 450 m, and the size of a recirculation gyre south of the Stream are approximately in phase as observed for the annual signal. This gyre and the shallow WK gyre exhibit the same horizontal structure, however, the decadal signal propagates deeper into the water column (at least to 700 m). The eastern expansion and contraction of the gyre on decadal time-scales is correlated with propagating SST signals. The sampling implications of these findings are addressed.  相似文献   

TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason Equatorial Sea Surface Slope Anomaly in the Atlantic in 2002: Comparison with Wind and Current Measurements at 23W     

C. PROVOSt  S. ARNAULt  N. CHOUAIb  A. Kartavtseff  L. Bunge  E. Sultan 《Marine Geodesy》2004,27(1):31-45

A time series of velocity profile in the upper 150 m of the equatorial Atlantic was gathered at 23W in 2002 within the PIRATA program. It constitutes the first time series of near surface current measurements simultaneous with altimetric data in the equatorial Atlantic. The surface slope anomaly along the equator is computed from satellite altimetry, and, as a proxy for the pressure gradient along the equator, compared with the wind and near surface current data. In a first step, a time series of the surface slope anomaly along the equator in the Atlantic is computed from the 10-year-long TOPEX/Poseidon sea level anomalies. A sensitivity study establishes the robustness of the calculation. Apart from a 15 cm bias, the equatorial sea surface slope anomalies estimated either from TOPEX/Poseidon or from Jason over the 6-month overlap (Feb.-Aug. 2002) do not reveal drastic differences. We produce two sea surface slope anomaly composite time series for 2002 (one with T/P data, the other with Jason data during the commissioning phase) and compare them to the wind and velocity data at 23W. As expected, the near surface velocity and depth of the upper limit of the equatorial undercurrent (EUC) are extremely well correlated with the surface pressure gradient anomaly. 10-year-long time series of altimetry-derived zonal sea surface slope anomaly and ECMWF ERA40 wind stress are also well correlated. They exhibit similar spectral content and similar anomalous years. This is a first step towards a full analysis of the EUC dynamics using altimetry, PIRATA data (near surface current and subsurface thermohaline structure) and model. These initial comparisons reinforce the utility of Jason measurements for continuing the 10-year and highly accurate TOPEX/Poseidon time series for study of equatorial signals.  相似文献