沙漠地区春季的大气浑浊度及沙尘大气对地面辐射平衡的影响   总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10  

沈志宝  文军 《高原气象》1994,13(3):330-338

  相似文献   

黑河实验(HEIFE)──对干旱地区陆面过程的一些新认识   总被引：63，自引：2，他引：63  

胡隐樵  高由禧 《气象学报》1994,52(3):285-296

综合介绍“黑河地区地气相互作用野外观测实验研究（ＨＥＩＦＥ）”的概况。系统分析干旱地区陆面过程的一些基本问题，它们是：（１）干旱地区地表面热量平衡的基本特征：干旱地区蒸发量很小，地表热量平衡中以感热为主．潜热可以忽略不计。（２）干旱地区陆面过程参数化问题：干旱地区能量和物质湍流输送的参数化必须考虑层结影响，否则将造成严重误差。（３）干旱地区一种特殊现象──绿洲与沙漠环境的相互作用：绿洲的“冷岛效应”和临近绿洲沙漠或戈壁的“逆湿现象”是这种相互作用的结果。这些研究结果将加深我们对干旱地区陆面过程的认识。  相似文献   

天津市郊大气边界层湍谱特征分析   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

王存忠  曹文俊 《气象学报》1994,52(4):484-492

用１９９０年７月在天津市郊的观测资料，计算了风速谱、温度谱及动量和热量通量的协谱。结果表明，市郊下垫面上的大气湍流谱特征与平坦地形上得到的典型结果基本一致，但满足各向同性的湍流尺度似乎比在平坦地形上的略大，谱的峰值频率区域略窄，谱的低频区（含能区）特征与平坦地形上的情况也不同。  相似文献   

中国人皮肤相对湿度的地理分布   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

毛政旦 《气象》1994,20(8):12-16

根据Ｂｅｒｇｌｕｎｄ等人（１９８３）公式：Ｗ＝（ｅｓｋ－ｅａ）／（ｅｓｓｋ－ｅａ），利用大气温度，大气水汽压和皮肤温度的月平均值，计算皮肤相对湿度，并按皮肤相对湿度划分舒适带。结果表明，决定我国皮肤相对湿度地理分布的基本因素是纬度，海陆分布，地形和大气环流，季节不同，则各因素所起作用有差异。作者以皮肤相对湿度２５％－４５％表示舒适带，计算表明，我国气候舒适带有明显的地区差异和季节变化。  相似文献   

气压场巨涨落与非线性地震系统状态的突变和临震预报研究（上）     

赵洪声  张世杰  蔡静观 《高原地震》1994,(3)

本研究以非线性孕震系统在爆发前夕的外敏性为物理基础，对大气扰动下的岩体失稳突变问题进行了初步的探讨，给出了气─－地耦合的一般表示，并连续分析了云南近３５年来大气压力场演化与场内近百次５级以上地震（内含１９次６级，４次７级）的基本关系，系统地证明了绝大部分强震都是在其上覆大气涨落加剧及与邻区气压梯度增大时突然爆发的，这种自然共性的揭示，既是对理论的认证，也丰富了短临地震预报的科学依据。  相似文献   

大气环流的奇偶对称性（Ⅰ）理论依据和气候特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

管兆勇  徐建军 《气象科学》1994,14(4):300-310

文中使用奇偶对称分析方法，利用观测资料对全球环流的奇偶对称分量的分布做了分析，指出奇偶分布的气候特征及其时间演变能反映南北半球海陆差异带来的影响，揭示大气对辐射加热响应的时间尺度、环流的波动结构及全球环流季节性调整等一些特征。  相似文献   

七月大气环流对南极海冰异常的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王召民  黄土松 《气象科学》1994,14(4):311-321

本文用一个全球大气九层谱模式，模拟了七月份南极两个不同海区海冰区异常对大气环流的影响。主要讨论了大气环流对南极海冰异常存在的局地性的及全球性的响应。细致分析了二个区域极冰异常导致的南北半球低频波列分布的差异，以及它们对热带区域及亚洲季风区降水、越赤道气流的不同影响。最后则依据我们的模拟结果，讨论了南极海冰异常影响全球大气环流的动力学机制。  相似文献   

Meteorology and haze structure during AGASP-II,Part 1: Alaskan Arctic flights, 2–10 April 1986     

G. A. Herbert  R. C. Schnell  H. A. Bridgman  B. A. Bodhaine  S. J. Oltmans  G. E. Shaw 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):17-48

The second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP-II) was conducted across the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic in April 1986, to study the in situ aerosol, and the chemical and optical properties of Arctic haze. The NOAA WP-3D aircraft, with special instrumentation added, made six flights during AGASP-II. Measurements of wind, pressure, temperature, ozone, water vapor, condensation nuclei (CN) concentration, and aerosol scattering extinction (b_sp) were used to determine the location of significant haze layers. The measurements made on the first three flights, over the Arctic Ocean north of Barrow and over the Beaufort Sea north of Barter Island, Alaska are discussed in detail in this report of the first phase of AGASP II. In the Alaskan Arctic the WP-3D detected a large and persistent region of haze between 960 and 750 mb, in a thermally stable layer, on 2, 8, and 9 April 1986. At its most dense, the haze contained CN concentrations >10,000 cm^–3 and b_sp of 80×10^–6 m^–1 suggesting active SO₂ to H₂SO₄ gas-to-particle conversion. Calculations based upon observed SO₂ concentrations and ambient relative humidities suggest that 10⁴–10⁵ small H₂SO₄ droplets could have been produced in the haze layers. High concentrations of sub-micron H₂SO₄ droplets were collected in haze. Ozone concentrations were 5–10 ppb higher in the haze layers than in the surrounding troposphere. Outside the regions of haze, CN concentrations ranged from 100 to 400 cm^–3 and b_sp values were about (20–40)×10^–6 m^–1. Air mass trajectories were computed to depict the air flow upwind of regions in which haze was observed. In two cases the back trajectories and ground measurements suggested the source to be in central Europe.  相似文献   

Performance of the electrochemical ozone sonde OSR     

U. Feister  K. H. Grasnick  G. Peters 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1985,123(3):422-440

Summary The accuracy of the electrochemical ozone sonde, type OSR, has been estimated by analysing tandem ozone soundings of the balloon-borne electrochemical ozone sonde OSR at the Lindenberg Observatory from May to November 1982. A negative bias, though not significant, has been observed above about 28 km for soundings having high single correction factors. Random errors are at their minimum just above the level of the maximum of ozone partial pressure, and reach their maximum in the troposphere. Except at heights above about 28 km the random error of ozone sondes is a factor 2 to 3 times less than the error of the short Umkehr method. Provided that soundings with too high correction factors are neglected, the ozone sonde OSR has an accuracy comparable to that of other Brewer type sondes.The maximum amount of information on the vertical ozone distribution can be drawn from sonde measurements in the lower stratosphere. A study is underway to improve the sensitivity of the sonde OSR and thus to further enhance its reliability.  相似文献   

The lunar barometric tide in New Zealand     

Hutchings  J. W.  Webber  S. J. 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1985,123(2):293-304

The lunar barometric tide has been determined with reasonable accuracy, on an annual and seasonal basis, at five stations on the mainland of New Zealand and at three of the outlying islands. The determinations show that in the New Zealand region the lunar tide has a larger amplitude and smaller phase than might have been expected from previously available southern-hemisphere results. In general, the seasonal variation of phase in the New Zealand region conforms to the currently recognised global pattern, with the J-season phase greater than that of the D-season. Similarly, the amplitude variation tends to support the suggestion that, south of latitude 30°S, the D-season amplitude is greater than that of the J-season. Approximate tests are introduced and used to assess the statistical significance of some of the apparent differences in amplitude and phase made evident by the analysis. These assessments indicate that although many of the apparent differences may be attributed to sampling fluctuations, the main regional anomalies in amplitude and phase are likely to be real. It is suggested that these anomalies may indicate a significant regional input of tidal energy to the atmosphere (at the lower boundary) from the Pacific oceanic tide.  相似文献