基于区间非概率可靠性方法的岩溶区桩基下溶洞顶板稳定性评价     

秦溯  李云安  孙琳 《水文地质工程地质》2019,(5):81-88

岩溶区桩基下溶洞顶板稳定性影响因素取值的不确定性及其样本数量的有限性,给桩基下溶洞顶板稳定性的评价带来了一定困难。根据现有研究成果,建立桩基下溶洞顶板抗冲切、抗剪切和抗弯力学简化模型,并从理论上推导相应的稳定性验算公式。在此基础上,结合区间分析理论和结构非概率可靠性度量方法,提出了基于区间非概率可靠性方法的桩基下溶洞顶板稳定性评价方法。该方法采用MATLAB中的INTLAB工具箱进行区间运算,并运用截断法消除运算过程中的区间扩展现象,最后通过比较溶洞顶板体系的非概率可靠性指标η与1的大小来判断桩基下溶洞顶板稳定性。以丹霞高速互通中D匝道2#桩基下溶洞为例,计算出该桩基下溶洞顶板体系的非概率可靠性指标η=7.95,该值大于1说明该桩基下溶洞顶板处于稳定状态,且评价结果与工程实际相符,表明了该方法的合理性与可行性。分别以3种功能函数为单位,研究当区间变量的变异系数C不同时(C从0.01递增至0.1),对应非概率可靠性指标η的变化规律。研究表明,随各区间变量变异系数C的增大,相应非概率可靠性指标呈不同程度的降低,其中溶洞顶板厚度h的变异性对评价结果影响最大,其次为桩端阻力分担比T,桩顶反力F的影响相对最小。  相似文献   

页岩气储层脆性评价方法研究现状          下载免费PDF全文

张宜 《探矿工程》2019,46(7):51-56

随着常规油气资源的不断开发,其存量资源越来越少。美国非常规油气资源的开发成功,为页岩气勘探开发奠定了技术基础。储层改造技术是决定页岩气开发成败的两大关键技术之一。而页岩气储层的脆性指数是评价页岩气储层可改造（可压裂）的关键指标。本文对国内外的页岩气储层脆性评价方法进行了广泛深入的研究,总结了岩石脆性的各种力学表征方法以及矿物成分对岩石脆性的影响,为我国页岩气储层脆性评价方法的研究提供了基础性参考资料。  相似文献   

祁连山天然气水合物地球化学勘查方法稳定性和异常重现性分析     

周亚龙  杨志斌  张富贵  张舜尧  孙忠军  王惠艳 《现代地质》2019,33(6):1314-1324

根据祁连山木里地区已知天然气水合物上方不同期次近地表土壤地球化学勘查重复性试验,对土壤酸解烃、顶空气、荧光光谱、碳酸盐等指标方法的稳定性及异常重现性问题进行研究和探讨。结果表明,各项化探指标不同期次含量最大值等特征值虽然存在一定程度的差异,但是其数据波动特征和数据结构是相对一致的。顶空气甲烷、酸解烃、荧光光谱和碳酸盐方法指标前后两次测量结果均具有较高的相关性,配对T-检验显示顶空气轻烃、酸解烃和碳酸盐指标数据变化差异不显著,从统计学上看其指标数据具有较好的稳定性。顶空气甲烷、酸解烃、荧光光谱等指标地球化学异常在研究区已知天然气水合物矿区上方具有相似的空间分布特征,说明其化探指标异常空间上具有良好的稳定性和重现性;但是顶空气重烃异常模式、碳酸盐异常强度的变化,反映其具有重现性,但异常稳定性相对较差。这为地球化学勘查在陆域冻土区天然气水合物勘查中发挥作用提供了较好的基础。  相似文献   

Geochemistry,Paleoenvironment and Mechanism of Organic-Matter Enrichment in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin,China     

CHEN Zhipeng  CUI Junping  REN Zhanli  JIANG Shu  LIANG Xing  WANG Gaocheng  ZOU Chen 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(3):505-519

To investigate the mechanism of the organic-matter enrichment in the Lower Longmaxi Formation shale, the geochemistry and total organic carbon(TOC) of the Longmaxi Formation black shales in the Jiaoshiba, Zhaotong, and Weiyuan areas of the Sichuan Basin were analyzed. Paleoproductivity proxy parameters(Babio, Siex, and Ni/Al), clastic influx proxies(TiO_2 and Ti/Al), redox indices(V/Cr, Ni/Co, V/(V+Ni), and U/Th), and hydrothermal indicators(Fe, Mn,and Y concentrations; Fe/Ti ratio and a Ni-Zn-Co diagram) were employed to decipher the paleoenvironment of the Lower Longmaxi Formation shales. TiO_2 and Ti/Al indicated low terrigenous detrital influx in all three areas. However, Babio, Siex,and Ni/Al indicated high productivity in the Jiaoshiba area. V/Cr, Ni/Co, and U/Th indicated higher oxygen content with larger fluctuations in the Zhaotong and Weiyuan areas. Fe, Mn, and Y concentrations and the Fe/Ti ratio implied greater active hydrothermal activity in the Weiyuan area. These heterogeneities were considered to be closely related to the paleoenvironment and paleogeography, and the large basement faults that developed during the Chuanzhong paleo-uplift could have provided vents for deep-hydrothermal-fluid upwelling. The redox indices(V/Cr, Ni/Co, and U/Th) and a paleoproductivity proxy(Ni/Al) displayed a significant correlation with the TOC, suggesting that both excellent preservation conditions and high paleoproductivity were the controlling factors for the enrichment of organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation shale. There was no obvious correlation between the clastic influx proxy(Ti/Al) and the TOC due to the extremely low supply of terrigenous debris. The hydrothermal indicator(Fe/Ti) was negatively correlated with the TOC in the Weiyuan area, indicating that hydrothermal activity may have played a negative role in the accumulation of organic matter. This study suggests that the enrichment of organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation marine shale varied according to the paleogeography and sedimentary environment.  相似文献   

川西甲基卡大型锂资源基地绿色调查及环境评价指标体系的建立   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

于扬  王登红  于沨  王伟  刘丽君  高娟琴  郝雪峰 《岩矿测试》2019,38(5):534-544

在资源、环境和经济协调发展的大背景下,发展绿色矿业已成为国家战略重点推进并得到了广泛认同。大型资源基地绿色调查及环境评价指标体系的建立、模型的技术实现将为解决生态脆弱区找矿部署与环境保护瓶颈问题发挥重要作用。本文将绿色调查与环境评价两方面工作有机结合,分四个层次构建指标框架,通过3S技术提取生态环境现状及变化信息,结合连续三年的地表水、土壤等多环境介质野外调查取样分析数据,对经过验证的、成熟的评价方法进行优化,运用更兼容、可扩展的Python语言编程建立了基于支持向量机的大型锂资源基地环境评价模型。运用该模型,将大型基地环境现状划分为环境较差区、环境一般区、环境较好区、环境良好区四类区域,总体准确率达97.77%。结果表明,本文建立的该套有针对性的评价指标体系能够对川西大型锂资源基地的环境现状作出有效的评价,通过技术创新实现了大型锂资源基地环境现状"像元级"可视化分级,较客观地反映了甲基卡矿区及周边资源开发环境问题与影响范围,在一定程度上可辅助规范大型基地矿产资源开发利用的管理及决策。  相似文献   

基于AHP的地质遗迹旅游资源评价:以汉中天坑群为例     

洪增林  徐通  薛旭平 《中国岩溶》2019,38(2):276-280

汉中天坑群是在中国32°~33°N湿润热带—亚热带岩溶地貌区北界首次发现的岩溶地质遗迹。为了科学地评价汉中天坑群地质遗迹旅游资源,为下一步旅游规划与开发提供科学依据,本文从生态旅游资源条件、生态环境条件、生态旅游开发条件等3个方面选取资源景观价值、资源科学与文化价值、生态环境质量、环境安全条件、区位与交通条件和社会经济条件等作为主要评价指标,建立多层层次结构模型,运用层次分析法对其进行地质遗迹旅游资源综合评价,得出汉中天坑群地质遗迹旅游资源综合评价得分为90.67分。本文研究表明,汉中天坑群具有五级生态旅游资源的禀赋,具有较高的开发利用价值。   相似文献   

临夏黄土记录的26万年来季风快速变化     

郭飞  王婷  刘宇明  王扬  樊会敏  孙有斌 《第四纪研究》2019,39(3):557-564

黄土高原西部高分辨率黄土序列开展的多代用指标研究,有助于揭示轨道-亚轨道尺度上东亚冬、夏季风的变化特征及动力机制。但针对同一地质记录提取冬、夏季风多代用指标进行对比和敏感性分析的工作尚不多见,因此制约了对季风快速变化特征和机理的理解。本文利用甘肃临夏85 m黄土岩芯开展高分辨率的粒度、磁化率和元素扫描分析,发现在轨道尺度上粒度和Zr/Rb比值显示的大幅冰期-间冰期波动与深海氧同位素记录有很好的对应关系,表明东亚冬季风的波动响应于北半球高纬冰量的变化。但在千年尺度上,粒度能更敏感地响应冬季风的快速变化;Rb/Sr比值和磁化率均能很好记录轨道尺度上的东亚夏季风波动,但在亚轨道尺度上Rb/Sr的敏感性明显高于磁化率。粒度、Zr/Rb和Rb/Sr所指示的东亚季风快速变化表现出较强的岁差信号,与石笋和北纬65°夏季太阳辐射有较好的对应关系,表明东亚季风变化也受到岁差直接驱动的夏季太阳辐射变的控制。在最后两个冰期-间冰期旋回中(即末期冰期旋回和倒数第二次冰期旋回)Rb/Sr及Zr/Rb比值和粒度记录分别可以辨别出与石笋相同数量级的变暖事件,但粒度记录的暖事件明显要多于Rb/Sr及Zr/Rb比值,且这些暖事件并不能一一对应。粒度及元素比值记录显著变冷的千年尺度的Heinrich(H)事件与石笋记录的夏季风明显减弱的事件有很好的对应关系,但其发生频率明显高于海洋记录。这些指标记录的千年尺度上波动信号的不一致性主要归因指标对不同气候要素敏感性的差异。未来需要进一步开展高分辨率多代用指标敏感性分析,选取对季风快速变化的敏感指标,有助于我们理解季风快速变化的特征(如周期和幅度等)和分析季风快速变化的时空差异性。  相似文献   

山东半岛石笋记录的倒数第二次冰消期δ18O变化特征及其气候环境意义     

薛刚  蔡演军  马乐  成星  李东  卫莹莹 《第四纪研究》2019,39(4):812-824

文章基于山东半岛岩溶洞穴(上小峰洞)一根长约41 cm的石笋SD1的铀系测年和稳定同位素组成分析,获得138. 0~125. 8 ka B. P.平均分辨率为30年的石笋δ18O 和δ13C时间序列,并据此讨论了倒数第二次冰消期区域气候和环境变化的特征及与全球变化的联系.在倒数第二次冰消期,上小峰洞石笋( SD1)δ18O的变化与中国南方石笋δ18O的变化具有类似的阶段变化特征,进一步确认了冰消期北大西洋气候对亚洲季风的重要影响.通过对山东石笋高分辨δ18O记录进行时间序列分析,发现该记录存在显著的约60年、 75年和1620年周期,表明太阳活动和北大西洋涛动与该地区气候变化有紧密的联系.同时,通过对比东亚季风区高分辨率石笋记录,认为在倒数第二次冰消期为"两步冰消"的变化特征.除此之外,上小峰洞石笋碳酸盐δ18O冰期和间冰期平均值的差异仅为0. 7‰,远小于内陆洞穴石笋碳酸盐δ18O冰期和间冰期平均值的差异(羊口洞约为1. 4‰,董哥洞约为2. 2‰,三宝洞约为2. 4‰).这一显著差异可能主要源于海岸线迁移造成的海陆格局的变化对区域季风降水及降水氧同位素组成的重要影响;并且冰期-间冰期海平面变化对近海环境记录、大陆架下垫面、海洋沉积物气候指标等都可能产生影响.  相似文献   

元素地球化学揭示的长江中游鄱阳湖地区中更新世以来粉尘堆积的物源特征及其环境意义     

凌超豪  张智  贾玉连  薛滨  申洪源  钟巍  龙桂铃 《第四纪研究》2019,39(5):1103-1115

位于长江中游的鄱阳湖地区深受东亚季风影响,因其特殊的地理、地貌与水文、水系特征,自中更新世以来随着冬季风的加强,在大姑组、九江组砾石层之上风成堆积广泛发育。该区域中、上更新统表现为网纹红土、均质红土和下蜀黄土的独特沉积序列,厘清这三套独特沉积序列的物质来源对于我们认识东亚季风演化及其区域环境响应至关重要。本文选择了长江中游鄱阳湖地区10个典型剖面,基于<20μm颗粒组分的元素地球化学特征,研究了该地区中、上更新统粉尘堆积的特点,并将其与黄土高原西峰黄土和东秦岭黄土做了对比分析。研究认为,长江中游鄱阳湖地区这套独特的沉积序列,元素特征基本相似,具有贫Co、Pb,富Zr、Hf,低Eu/Eu^*(0.53~0.62)、LaN/YbN(4~8)、Ta/Zr(0~0.006)、Nb/Zr(0~0.09),高Y/Ho(28~30)、Zr/Hf(36~48)等特点,与黄土高原与东秦岭黄土有显著区别。基于Hf-Th-Co、Th-Sc-Zr/10和Th-Sc-La蜘蛛图投影分析,鄱阳湖地区第四纪粉尘物质的源岩接近于石英岩类,为被动大陆边缘构造背景下的产物,显著区别于黄土高原与东秦岭黄土(源岩接近于页岩,形成于大陆岛弧构造背景)。进一步分析认为,网纹红土、均质红土的母质均与区域下蜀黄土类似,推测它们均来自于其冬季风上风方向的长江或赣江的古河谷漫滩,这套独特的沉积序列是第四纪以来长江中游现代格局的水系贯通后,冬季风增强,吹蚀大江大河广阔的古河谷漫滩而形成的区域粉尘堆积的结果;是湿热的亚热带季风区对于中更新世以来在轨道尺度上冬夏季风均加强的背景下独特的区域响应。  相似文献   

Dynamic Relationship Between Entrainment Rate and Summer Monsoon in the Transition Area of Monsoon in the East of Northwest China     

Yanying Li  Ying Cai  Chunyan Zhang  Ting Zeng  Jiping Yang 《地球科学进展》2019,34(12):1316-1327

Entrainment rate refers to the ratio of surrounding air quality to air quality involved in rising unit distance, including turbulent entrainment and dynamic entrainment, which are applied to the boundary layer parametrization of convective clouds, the improvement of numerical model, the observation of cloud droplet spectral dispersion and the study of tropical cyclones.Based on the daily data at 07:00 and 19:00 every 10 m of five stations such as Minqin, Yuchong, Pingliang, Yinchuan and Yan'an from May to September during 2006-2016, combined with the daily observation data on the ground, the Entrainment Rates(ER) of different heights were calculated, and the relationships between ER and height in different regions, precipitation as well as monsoon during the monsoon period were further obtained. The main results were as follows:\mathrm{①} The ER was proportional to air temperature and saturated water vapor pressure, but inversely proportional to relative humidity. The relative humidity threshold of cloud was 65%. The higher the relative humidity threshold was, the lower the cloud height of different orders of precipitation was, and the cloud height was higher with the increase of rainfall. \mathrm{②}ER had obvious diurnal changes and regional differences: It was obviously smaller at 07:00 than at 19:00 from ground to 3 km, which weakened with the increase of height in the near surface , but strengthened with the increase of height above 500 m; From small to large, the monsoon affected area, the monsoon swing area and the non-monsoon area were in turn, and there was no regional difference above 3 km. \mathrm{③} ER was closely related to the intensity and property of precipitation in monsoon period. The ER weakened with the enhancement of rain intensity from near ground to below 600 m, but strengthened with the enhancement of rain intensity from 500 m to 2~3 km.From near ground to below 700 m, the ER of stable precipitation was strong, but that of convective precipitation was strong above 700 m. The convective precipitation had big saturated water vapor pressure and strong ER , while the stable precipitation had big saturated water vapor density, rich water vapor but weak ER. \mathrm{④}The relationship between ER and monsoon as well as its duration: From no monsoon to monsoon ER was weakened, the strongest maximum height was also decreasing. There was no significant difference in the duration of ER between the non-monsoon area and the monsoon affected area, but the longer the monsoon swing area lasted in the near ground layer, the smaller the ER was, while the opposite was at 1~2 km in the high altitude. \mathrm{⑤}The relationship between ER and the APO monsoon intensity index showed that: At 07:00, the ER strengthened with height from near ground to below 800 m, but weakened with height above 800 m,and the monsoon intensity was not related to the ER. At 19:00, the ER strengthened with the height near ground but weakened with the height above 300 m, and the stronger the monsoon was, the smaller the ER was. The ER weakened with the decrease of boundary layer height.  相似文献