基于数学形态学的高分遥感影像地震重点目标信息提取     

张小咏  买莹  张凌 《地震》2013,33(2):115-122

重点目标是抗震救援的关键, 重点目标的破坏大多与目标本身的破坏或破坏前后的形态变化有关。 本文利用数学形态学方法对地物形态特征(包括形状、 大小、 方向等)处理的优势和思路, 构建了重点目标信息提取流程和算法, 并利用海地地震的高分辨率遥感影像, 对震后油罐破损状态的分离和提取、 以及对机场跑道旧损状态的提取。 试验结果表明, 对于形态上能够明显区别于背景的重点目标, 可以利用灰度和结构信息通过数学形态学进行提取。 而且数学形态学算法构造灵活, 处理速度快, 便于硬件实现, 对应急救援的快速处理有一定应用前景。  相似文献   

The estimation of estuary dimensions using a simplified form model and the exogenous controls     

Ian Townend 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(15):1573-1583

The most common definition of an equilibrium condition for estuaries and inlets makes use of the well documented relationship between tidal prism and the cross‐sectional area of the channel. However, the tidal prism is itself a function of the morphology of the tidal basin. It would therefore be useful to be able to define the key dimensions of estuaries and inlets based on properties that are external to the estuary itself. This would then provide a more rigorous basis for understanding how systems are being ‘perturbed’ by developments, or other influences such as climate change. An idealized representation of the three–dimensional (3D) form of an estuary has been proposed and is here applied to a wide range of UK estuaries to explore its ability to predict the gross properties of a range of different estuary types. When considering just tidal flow, the model was found to provide an adequate representation, however, the inclusion of wave action was found to significantly improve the predictive power of the model. The exogenous parameters therefore provide a basis for determining the estuary dimensions and how they are likely to change over time. This in turn provokes a broader definition of an estuary than those commonly cited. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

数学形态学的合并综合算子研究     

徐伟  华月园  徐研 《海洋测绘》2012,32(5):32-34

针对当前地图综合算子的研究难点,引入了数学形态学相关理论,建立了基于形态学的合并综合算子模型.并利用建立的合并算子,结合矢量数据模型和栅格数据模型的相互转化,进行了街区的合并实验,取得了较好的效果.  相似文献   

灌丛沙丘形成演化及环境指示意义研究的主要进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郎丽丽  王训明  哈斯  花婷 《地理学报》2012,67(11):1526-1536

干旱半干旱区风沙活动较强烈, 风沙地貌十分发育, 环境演变过程对气候变化响应敏感。由于缺乏高分辨率载体, 在这些地区进行环境变化重建的手段及获得的结果相对贫乏。但是在这些区域发育的灌丛沙丘是风沙堆积体, 其形成演化记录了相对丰富的区域环境演变信息。本文综述了目前在灌丛沙丘形态学特征、发育过程、以及其在区域环境变化重建中的意义等方面的研究进展。我们认为, 灌丛沙丘形成演化研究在揭示干旱区环境演变过程方面有重大的意义, 但还没有形成系统的体系, 这一方面的研究仍有较大的空间。  相似文献   

河北省数字电磁扰动应用研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

乔子云  张跃刚  丁瑞同  王莉森  方召盟  贾立峰  张国苓  王想  李鹏 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(2):67-73

通过数字与模拟观测对比分析,说明数模观测的一致性,结合近几年河北省及邻区中强地震,进行震例分析和研究.应用结果表明：数字与模拟观测变化一致性较好;震前数字电磁扰动出现异常变化,异常形态为：原始采集波形出现扰动变化、日均值或日总量出现高值突跳、日总量背景值上升等.  相似文献   

数字洞体摆倾斜观测常见干扰分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张红秀  郭国祥  郭林旺  罗振东  薛生瑞  王晓阳 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(5):208-211

分析临汾地震台数字摆倾斜观测中常见干扰及曲线形态变化特征,并对同一干扰源造成两摆式倾斜仪曲线形态的差异性进行探讨,希望对观测资料中异常的判断、仪器维护、数据预处理及地震预测预报应用研究等具有一定参考意义。  相似文献   

不同坡向梭梭幼苗的生长状况和适应特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李兴  蒋进  宋春武  陈明  殷文娟  张恒 《中国沙漠》2013,33(1):101-105

以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘一年生梭梭移栽苗为研究对象,对梭梭幼苗的地上部分生长状况、蒸腾速率日变化趋势以及根系形态进行了调查,探讨不同坡向梭梭幼苗的生长和适应特征。结果表明,平地、阴坡和阳坡表层0~30 cm土壤含水量无显著差异,40~100 cm土壤含水量阳坡<阴坡<平地。梭梭幼苗同化枝生长速率和含水量均表现为阳坡<阴坡<平地,其生长速率和含水量可能与根层土壤含水量高低有关。不同坡向梭梭幼苗蒸腾速率日变化均呈“单峰型”,12:00-16:00阳坡梭梭幼苗蒸腾速率显著高于阴坡与平地。 阳坡梭梭幼苗主根不发达,侧根较多但较短;平地和阴坡梭梭幼苗根系主根发达,以单根为主。这反映出根系对相应生境下土壤水分的适应特征。  相似文献   

城市规划CA模型及其应用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

尹长林  张鸿辉  刘勤志 《地理与地理信息科学》2008,24(3):71-74

基于CA模型,从城市规划角度,通过引入控制性详细规划层,将整个城市空间划分为不同组团片区,构建了自下而上和自上而下相结合的城市规划CA模型(UPCA),并以长沙市为例进行实证研究。结果表明:该模型简化了传统CA城市模拟模型的数据量,提高了模型的模拟精度,并增强了模型的规划决策功能,使模型具备一定的社会经济分析能力。  相似文献   

Identification of steps and pools from stream longitudinal profile data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andr E. Zimmermann  Michael Church  Marwan A. Hassan 《Geomorphology》2008,102(3-4):395-406

Field research on step–pool channels has largely focused on the dimensions and sequence of steps and pools and how these features vary with slope, grain sizes and other governing variables. Measurements by different investigators are frequently compared, yet no means to identify steps and pools objectively have been used. Automated surveying instruments record the morphology of streams in unprecedented detail making it possible to objectively identify steps and pools, provided an appropriate classification procedure can be developed.To achieve objective identification of steps and pools from long profile survey data, we applied a series of scale-free geometric rules that include minimum step length (2.25% of bankfull width (W_b)), minimum pool length (10% of W_b), minimum residual depth (0.23% of W_b), minimum drop height (3.3% of W_b), and minimum step slope (10° greater than the mean slope). The rules perform as well as the mean response of 11 step–pool researchers who were asked to classify four long profiles, and the results correspond well with the channel morphologies identified during the field surveys from which the long profiles were generated. The method outperforms four other techniques that have been proposed. Sensitivity analysis shows that the method is most sensitive to the choice of minimum pool length and minimum drop height.Detailed bed scans of a step–pool channel created in a flume reveal that a single long profile with a fixed sampling interval poorly characterizes the steps and pools; five or more long profiles spread across the channel are required if a fixed sampling interval is used and the data suggest that survey points should be located more frequently than the diameter of the step-forming material. A single long profile collected by a surveyor who chooses breaks in slope and representative survey points was found to adequately characterize the mean bed profile.  相似文献   

Measurements and numerical simulations of the degree of activity and vegetation cover on parabolic dunes in north-eastern Brazil   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

O. Duran  M.V.N. Silva  L.J.C. Bezerra  H.J. Herrmann  L.P. Maia 《Geomorphology》2008,102(3-4):460-471

In this work we present measurements of vegetation cover over parabolic dunes with different degrees of activation along the north-eastern Brazilian coast. We extend the local values of the vegetation cover density to the whole dune by correlating measurements with the relative brightness index C of high resolution QuickBird panchromatic satellite images of the dune field. We then introduce the vegetation data into a continuous model for vegetated dunes, coupling sand erosion and vegetation growth, and perform simulations of the evolution of the morphology and vegetation cover of parabolic dunes. Finally, from the comparison of both, the measurements and the simulation results, we show that the model is able to predict the dune shape and the vegetation distribution of real parabolic dunes as result of the evolution of a blow-out.  相似文献