不同类型ENSO事件对初冬北极海冰的影响     

刘远盈  袁潮霞 《气象科学》2024,44(1):35-45

基于1951—2019年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、Hadley环流中心海温、海冰密集度资料,通过合成分析和诊断温度异常方程,研究不同类型ENSO对初冬北极海冰的影响。结果表明,EP La Ni1a发展年初冬(11—12月),巴伦支—喀拉海海冰异常减少;CP La Ni1a发展初冬,巴伦支—喀拉海海冰异常增加。EP和CP型El Ni1o对初冬北极海冰的影响类似：格陵兰海海冰异常减少,而哈德逊—巴芬湾海冰异常增加。不同类型ENSO对初冬北极海冰的影响主要通过产生不同的大气遥相关,引起同期和前期的海表气温异常而实现。  相似文献   

高速铁路CPⅢ控制网测量误差来源及外业操作注意事项     

李武 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(11)

简述了高速铁路控制测量相关的概念、CPⅢ控制网测量技术方案和CPⅢ控制网测量的误差来源,并结合在沪宁线几个月的作业实践经验,阐述了CPⅢ控制网测量时实际作业的注意事项。  相似文献   

浅谈高铁测量中的长桥上下二等水准高程传递     

陈杭兴 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(5):191-195

根据高铁宁杭客专作业指导书中长桥上下二等水准高程传递的要求,进行实验模拟与实地论证,应用不同的观测方法、不同的仪器设备进行观测。通过数据处理比较不同情况下的高程传递精度,以期将结论应用于生产过程中。  相似文献   

自由测站法在高速铁路CPⅢ平面网测量中的应用     

龚循强  李威俊  周秀芳 《测绘工程》2013,(6):81-85

在高速铁路的建设中,精密工程测量至关重要.而高速铁路测量的核心技术之一—高精度的CPⅢ平面网测量,由于控制点地理位置的限制,采用常规控制测量方法难以建立.因此,需要研究不在控制点上设站仍然可以建立高精度CPⅢ平面网的方法,而自由测站法能够很好地满足建网要求.介绍利用自由测站法进行CPⅢ平面网的建立原理、平差计算和精度评定等,通过对自由测站法的研究及高速铁路工程案例的分析,得出运用自由测站法能够建立高精度的CPⅢ平面网的结论.  相似文献   

热带太平洋海温异常对北极海冰的可能影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

罗蕊  祁莉  张文君  何金海 《海洋学报》2017,39(7):53-69

本文利用1950-2015年间Hadley环流中心海冰和海温资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了热带太平洋海温异常对北极海冰的可能影响,并从大气环流和净表面热通量两个角度探讨了可能的物理机制。结果表明,在ENSO事件发展年的夏、秋季节,EP型与CP型El Niño事件与北极海冰异常的联系无明显信号。而La Niña事件期间北极海冰出现显著异常,并且EP型与CP型La Niña之间存在明显差异。EP型La Niña发生时,北极地区巴伦支海、喀拉海关键区海冰异常减少,CP型La Niña事件则对应着东西伯利亚海、楚科奇海地区海冰异常增加。在EP型La Niña发展年的夏、秋季节,热带太平洋海温异常通过遥相关波列,使得巴伦支海、喀拉海海平面气压为负异常并与中纬度气压正异常共同构成类似AO正位相的结构,形成的风场异常有利于北大西洋暖水的输入,同时造成暖平流,偏高的水汽含量进一步加强了净表面热通量收入,使得巴伦支海、喀拉海海冰异常减少。而在CP型La Niña发展年的夏季,东西伯利亚海、楚科奇海关键区受其东侧气旋式环流的影响,以异常北风分量占主导,将海冰从极点附近由北向南输送到关键区,海冰异常增加,而净表面热通量的作用较小。  相似文献   

东部和中部型El Nino事件对云南冬季降水影响的差异分析     

周建琴  晏红明 《高原气象》2021,(1):98-108

利用1981-2017年云南125个站逐日降水观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对比分析了两类El Nino事件期间云南冬季的降水差异,发现东部型El Nino有利于冬季云南大部地区降水显著偏多,而中部型El Nino的影响却不明显。进一步从两类事件相应的大气环流等方面分析了造成降水差异的物理原因。研究表明:(1)东部型El Nino年,Walker环流在西太平洋为异常强的下沉气流,西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西,Hadley环流在20°N为异常上升气流,造成云南水汽输送和辐合加强,中高纬度巴尔喀什湖和贝加尔湖脊发展,冷空气沿高原东侧南下影响云南,冷暖空气在云南频繁交汇,导致云南冬季降水日数明显偏多,相应降水偏多;(2)中部型El Nino年,Walker环流在西太平洋下沉支强度较东部型弱,相应的西太平洋副热带高压较东部型偏弱偏东,Hadley环流在20°N为下沉气流,对云南区域水汽输送影响较弱,同时中高纬度环流不利于冷空气南下影响云南,除对应冬季云南东部降水日数偏少外,对其他地区降水的影响不明显。  相似文献   

Long-term effects of reduced nutrient inputs to the North Sea     

Morten D. Skogen  Lene R. Mathisen 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

The OSPAR Commission has identified a set of Ecological Quality Objectives (EcoQOs) to assess eutrophication in the North Sea. In order to assess the long-term effects of different river nutrient reduction scenarios in terms of these EcoQOs, a 3-dimensional coupled physical–chemical–biological model, NORWECOM, has been used. The model results show that there is a decreasing response gradient from near-shore to offshore, where the largest effects are identified along the Dutch coast, and that the full potential of a reduction is seen after 2–3 years. The EcoQOs on winter nutrients and chlorophyll are achieved for most areas. Oxygen concentrations displace no or very low response to the modelled nutrient reductions. The study also shows that the ecological quality is controlled to a large extent by winds and ocean circulation.  相似文献   

达深CP302开窗侧钻水平井钻井实践与认识     

孙庆仁  郭盛堂  孟祥波 《探矿工程》2014,41(4):36-38

达深CP302井是大庆油田自主设计和施工的第一口深层小井眼欠平衡套管开窗侧钻水平井,该井集中了深井、小井眼井、欠平衡井、套管开窗及水平井的所有技术特点与难点。通过技术方案优化,确定了斜向器配合复式铣锥磨铣开窗方式,详细介绍了套管开窗侧钻技术和井眼轨迹控制技术。达深CP302井的钻探成功,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。  相似文献   

The Linkage between Two Types of El Ni?o Events and Summer Streamflow over the Yellow and Yangtze River Basins     

Dan WANG  Aihui WANG  Lianlian XU  Xianghui KONG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(2):160-172

It is generally agreed that El Nino can be classified into East Pacific(EP)and Central Pacific(CP)types.Nevertheless,little is known about the relationship between these two types of El Ni?o and land surface climate elements.This study investigates the linkage between EP/CP El Ni?o and summer streamflow over the Yellow and Yangtze River basins and their possible mechanisms.Over the Yellow River basin,the anomalous streamflow always manifests as positive(negative)in EP(CP)years,with a correlation coefficient of 0.39(-0.37);while over the Yangtze River basin,the anomalous streamflow shows as positive in both EP and CP years,with correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.48,respectively.Analyses of the surface hydrological cycle indicate that the streamflow is more influenced by local evapotranspiration(ET)than precipitation over the Yellow River basin,while it is dominantly affected by precipitation over the Yangtze River basin.The different features over these two river basins can be explained by the anomalous atmospheric circulation,which is cyclonic(anticyclonic)north(south)of 30°N over East Asia.EP years are dominated by two anticyclones,which bring strong water vapor convergence and induce more precipitation but less ET,and subsequently increase streamflow and flooding risks.In CP years,especially over the Yellow River basin,two cyclones dominate and lead to water vapor divergence and reduce moisture arriving.Meanwhile,the ET enhances mainly due to local high surface air temperature,which further evaporates water from the soil.As a result,the streamflow decreases,which will then increase the drought risk.  相似文献   

Lithium in chemically peculiar CP stars with magnetic fields     

N. S. Polosukhina  A. V. Shavrina 《Astrophysics》2007,50(3):381-404

The problem of lithium in chemically peculiar Ap-CP stars has been the subject of debate for many years. The main reason for this is a lack of spectral observations of Ap stars in the neighborhood of the lithium resonance doublet Li I 6708 Å. An international cooperation project on “Lithium in cool CP stars with magnetic fields” was started in 1996. Systematic observations of CP stars in spectral regions of the 6708 Å and 6103 Å lines at the ZTSh (CrAO), CAT (ESO), Feros (ESO), and the 74″ telescope of the Mount Stromlo Observatory (Australia) have been used to analyze spectra of several CP stars studied by the way the 6708 Å lithium line varies with the stars’ rotational phase. Monitoring of the spectra of the oscillating CP stars (group I) HD 83368, HD 60435, and HD 3980, for which significant Doppler shifts of the Li I 6708 Å line are observed led to the discovery of “lithium spots” on the surface of these stars whose positions are related to the magnetic field structure. Models of the surfaces of these stars with the special program “ROTATE” based on the profiles of the Li I 6708 Å line are used to estimate the size of the spots, their positions on the stars’ surface, and the lithium abundances in these spots. A detailed analysis and modelling of the spectra of slowly rotating oscillating CP stars with strong, invariant lithium 6708 Å emission, including blending with lines of the rare earth elements, reveals an enhanced lithium abundance, with the abundance determined from the lithium 6103 Å line being higher than that determined from the 6708 Å line for all the stars. This may indicate vertical stratification of lithium in the atmospheres of CP stars with an anomalous isotopic composition (⁶Li/⁷Li = 0.2–0.5). HD 101065, an ultraslow rotator (vsini ≈ 1.5) visible from the poles and with powerful oscillations which cause pulsating line broadening in its spectrum, is unique among these stars. The amount of lithium in the atmosphere of HD 101065 logN(Li) = 3.1 on a scale of logN(H) = 12.0 and the isotope ratio ⁶Li/⁷Li ≈ 0.3. The high estimates of ⁶Li/⁷Li may be explained by the production of lithium in spallation reactions and the preservation of surface ⁶Li and ⁷Li by strong magnetic fields in the upper layers of the atmosphere near the magnetic poles. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 463–492 (August 2007).  相似文献