南海海洋动力过程观测与模拟研究进展   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

杜岩  王东晓  陈举  王卫强  谢强 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(6):82-92

主要从动力学角度回顾了近年来与南海环流有关的南海物理海洋学调查与模拟研究的进展。目前,对南海上层海洋海盆和次海盆尺度季节性环流的基本模态已经有了比较一致的认识,对特定区域中尺度的环流特征也达成共识。已有的观测和数值模拟研究工作在以下几个方面取得了很大的进展：研究南海准定常涡旋的空间分布,获得其时间演化的主要特征及影响其形成和演化的可能因素;研究行星波动在南海环流建立与调整过程中的作用,获得南海低阶行星波动的速度场分布以及南海环流建立与调整的典型时间尺度;分析并讨论南海与其周边海域,尤其是与西太平洋海域水交换的形式及其影响因素,初步了解海峡水交换的季节差异及其水平和垂向结构,提出黑潮入侵南海的几种形式。未来南海环流的研究方向将扩展到能量学机制方面,并包括热量、动能、动量和涡度等物理量的多时空尺度迁移。  相似文献   

Structure and resilience of overwintering habitats of Calanus finmarchicus in the Eastern Norwegian Sea     

Dag Slagstad  Kurt S. Tande 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2007,54(23-26):2702

Very high concentrations of overwintering Calanus finmarchicus were found in the eastern Lofoten Basin of the Norwegian Sea close to the shelf break in January 2001–2002. A coupled 3D hydrodynamic and ecological model was used to study the formation of this deep overwintering aggregation and its stability. The ecological model includes nutrients, phytoplankton and microzooplankton in addition to a stage-structured model of C. finmarchicus. Using a Eulerian approach, the model was initiated with an overwintering stock evenly distributed in the oceanic regions of the Norwegian Sea, i.e. where depths>600 m. Spawning and development of the new generation take place in response to vertical mixing and phytoplankton development. Animals are assumed to begin their descent to overwintering depths of 700–1000 m as late stage Vs. Model results show that, in late summer, high concentrations of animals were found at overwintering depths near the shelf break north of the North Sea, off the northeastern Vøring Plateau and in the eastern Lofoten Basin along the slope of the Barents Sea shelf. They remained there for months due to deep eddies and southward, deep currents along the Norwegian shelf. The simulation experiments indicate that the combined effect of deep anticyclonic circulation and vertical migration behavior of the animals may explain the high concentrations of overwintering C. finmarchicus found in field surveys in the Eastern Lofoten Basin, close to the shelf break.  相似文献   

A deep cyclonic gyre in the Australian–Antarctic Basin     

Michael S. McCartney  Kathleen A. Donohue 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,75(4):675-750

The traditional image of ocean circulation between Australia and Antarctica is of a dominant belt of eastward flow, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, with comparatively weak adjacent westward flows that provide anticyclonic circulation north and cyclonic circulation south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. This image mostly follows from geostrophic estimates from hydrography using a bottom level of no motion for the eastward flow regime which typically yield transports near 170 Sv. Net eastward transport of about 145 Sv for this region results from subtracting those westward flows. This estimate is compatible with the canonical 134 Sv through Drake Passage with augmentation from Indonesian Throughflow (around 10 Sv).A new image is developed from World Ocean Circulation Hydrographic Program sections I8S and I9S. These provide two quasi-meridional crossings of the South Australian Basin and the Australian–Antarctic Basin, with full hydrography and two independent direct-velocity measurements (shipboard and lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers). These velocity measurements indicate that the belt of eastward flow is much stronger, 271 ± 49 Sv, than previously estimated because of the presence of eastward barotropic flow. Substantial recirculations exist adjacent to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: to the north a 38 ± 30 Sv anticyclonic gyre and to the south a 76 ± 26 Sv cyclonic gyre. The net flow between Australia and Antarctica is estimated as 157 ± 58 Sv, which falls within the expected net transport of 145 Sv.The 38 Sv anticyclonic gyre in the South Australian Basin involves the westward Flinders Current along southern Australia and a substantial 33 Sv Subantarctic Zone recirculation to its south. The cyclonic gyre in the Australian–Antarctic Basin has a substantial 76 Sv westward flow over the continental slope of Antarctica, and 48 ± 6 Sv northward-flowing western boundary current along the Kerguelen Plateau near 57°S. The cyclonic gyre only partially closes within the Australian–Antarctic Basin. It is estimated that 45 Sv bridges westward to the Weddell Gyre through the southern Princess Elizabeth Trough and returns through the northern Princess Elizabeth Trough and the Fawn Trough – where a substantial eastward 38 Sv current is hypothesized. There is evidence that the cyclonic gyre also projects eastward past the Balleny Islands to the Ross Gyre in the South Pacific.The western boundary current along Kerguelen Plateau collides with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that enters the Australian–Antarctic Basin through the Kerguelen–St. Paul Island Passage, forming an energetic Crozet–Kerguelen Confluence. Strongest filaments in the meandering Crozet-Kerguelen Confluence reach 100 Sv. Dense water in the western boundary current intrudes beneath the densest water of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current; they intensely mix diapycnally to produce a high potential vorticity signal that extends eastward along the southern flank of the Southeast Indian Ridge. Dense water penetrates through the Ridge into the South Australian Basin. Two escape pathways are indicated, the Australian–Antarctic Discordance Zone near 125°E and the Geelvinck Fracture Zone near 85°E. Ultimately, the bottom water delivered to the South Australian Basin passes north to the Perth Basin west of Australia and east to the Tasman Basin.  相似文献   

渤、黄、东海夏季环流的数值模拟   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18  

李徽翡  赵保仁 《海洋科学》2001,25(1):28-32

在POM的基础上 ,建立一个σ坐标系下的三维斜压预报模式 ,考虑了海底地形、外来流、长江径流、海面风应力、海面热交换等多方面因素的影响 ,较好地模拟了夏季东中国海环流的情况。其结果表明 ,黑潮在流经东海时沿东海陆坡流动 ,其途径随陆坡等深线走向而变 ,在其两侧出现一些涡旋。夏季台湾暖流上层水主要来自台湾海峡 ,底层水主要由台湾东面黑潮的次表层水入侵陆架生成。夏季进入朝鲜海峡的对马暖流的来源是多方面的 ,其中有 :台湾暖流、黑潮分支、长江冲淡水与西朝鲜沿岸流的混合水。长江冲淡水在出长江口后 ,很快转向北流动 ,到34°N附近转向东南方向。在长江口东北面存在两个中尺度的涡旋。夏季黄海冷水环流由南北两部分组成 ,表层流速大 ,底层流速小。在青岛 石岛附近还存在一个中尺度的反气旋型涡旋  相似文献   

近普里兹湾大陆架外水域水文物理特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈明剑  侍茂崇  高郭平 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,(Z1)

通过１９９０年１２月～１９９１年１月中国＂极地＂号南印度调查资料分析得出如下一些重要结论：（１）８３°Ｅ以西、６４°Ｓ以北海域，南极夏季表层水厚度约２０ｍ，冬季残留水厚度３０～７０ｍ，７０ｍ以下的水层逐渐过渡到南极深层水。南极深层水中心温度最高，为１．８５～２．００℃；８３°Ｅ以东、６４°Ｓ以北海域，０～３０ｍ为南极夏季表层水，５０～１００ｍ层为南极冬季残留水，１００ｍ以下为南极深层水。深层水中心温度普遍降低，最低为１．０４℃，最高为１．４９℃。它表明８３°Ｅ以东区域受陆架水影响更明显。（２）８３°Ｅ以西，６４°Ｓ以南海域，为深水大洋向陆架浅海过渡区域，温度由北向南迅速降低，普里兹湾基本为陆架低温水所盘据；８３°Ｅ以东、６４°Ｓ以南海域主要为西冰架、谢克尔顿冰架低温水，６４°Ｓ附近形成东西方延伸的温、盐锋面。（３）由动力计算知，在８３°Ｅ以西主要为反时针方向环流；８３°～９８°Ｅ中间，６３°Ｓ南北各有一个顺时针环流；９８°Ｅ以东基本为南向流控制。但是，近岸有一顺时针涡旋。（４）８３°Ｅ以西水文锋面主要有夏季表层水锋面；８３°Ｅ以东主要为陆坡区温度锋，是陆架外高温水与陆架低温水之间过渡带。（５）８３°Ｅ是水文  相似文献   

Monsoon-induced upwelling off the Vietnamese coast   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Joachim W. Dippner  Kim Vinh Nguyen  Hartmut Hein  Thomas Ohde  Natalie Loick 《Ocean Dynamics》2007,57(1):46-62

During the southwest monsoon from July 8 to 28, 2003, an interdisciplinary cruise took place in the central area of Vietnamese upwelling with “MV Nghien Cuu Bien” in the South China Sea. Physical observations in the upwelling area are analyzed with respect to local/regional wind forcing and far field forcing. Nutrients and phytoplankton measurements are discussed with respect to exchange processes between different water masses. The wind-induced coastal upwelling by local wind forcing is much weaker than in the previous years due to weaker-than-normal winds. This can be attributed to the far field forcing of the 2002/2003 El Niño event which modulates the upwelling intensity. The atmospheric conditions reflect the typical situation after an El Niño event which weakens the wind-induced coastal upwelling, reduces the latent heat flux, and results in higher-than-normal sea-surface temperatures. The general circulation pattern during SW monsoon is driven by the spatial asymmetry in the monsoon forcing. The flow pattern is characterized by an upwelling-induced northward undercurrent and a recently detected southward countercurrent. The resulting stretching deformation of this flow pattern forms an offshore jet between ～12°N and 12.5°N and causes a local enhancement of the upwelling intensity. The upwelling due to stretching deformation is a peculiarity, which makes the Vietnamese upwelling area different to other upwelling areas. A budget of the upwelling components is presented: the strongest contribution in 2003 to the Vietnamese upwelling is the dynamical upwelling due to the clockwise rotation of the northward undercurrent. The internal radius of deformation separates the upwelling area from the offshore area as well as different water masses. Mekong River and the Gulf of Thailand waters which are offshore show nutrient depletion. Therefore, high chlorophyll maxima cannot be explained by nutrient supply from river runoff. The dynamical upwelling brings in nutrient-rich Maximum Salinity Water into the euphotic zone. This causes a subsurface chlorophyll maximum between 20 and 40 m water depth along the northward undercurrent. Deflection from the Redfield ratio in the C:N ratio and negative excess nitrogen identifies the region as nitrogen-limited which may favor cyanobacteria blooms. The consequence is a unique feature in new production: in the upwelling area, new production is based on upwelled nitrate, whereas offshore in the nutrient-depleted Mekong and Gulf of Thailand water, new production is based in addition on nitrogen fixation.  相似文献   

云南泸西县云鹏水电站坝基基础工程处理     

马云 《云南地质》2007,26(2):249-252

大坝基础帷幕灌浆工程中采用新技术、新工艺，使工程质量大幅提高，也使这些新技也能在实践中得到发展和完善，为工程良好的质量和效益打下了坚实的基础。  相似文献   

南阳市麦播期旱涝特征及环流形势     

单伟李春云  祝晓红陈国领 《河南气象》2006,(1):27-28

利用1956~2004年南阳市麦播期气象资料,分析了南阳麦播期降水量变化规律及旱、涝环流特点,结果表明:20世纪90年代以来,降水量年际变率大,麦播期降水量旱、涝问题十分突出;从1996年起,南阳市降水气候特点呈连续干旱和持续雨涝的特点。大的环流形势直接影响麦播期降水量。  相似文献   

两类江淮大水的大气环流特征   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

于淑秋  林学椿 《气象学报》2006,64(5):605-613

文中研究了江淮流域特大洪涝的环流特征。江淮流域洪涝年全国降水有两类分布型:即江淮流域大水年中国降水偏多型和江淮流域大水其南北降水偏少型。研究了这两类降水分布型的环流特征,结果指出:北半球500 hPa位势高度场有着显著的差异。东亚大西洋相关链的建立(南海高压、梅雨槽和鄂霍茨克海高压)是江淮流域多雨的重要条件,而欧洲阻塞高压的建立在全国降水分布型中起着重要的作用。进而研究了东亚大西洋相关链与北太平洋海温的关系。  相似文献   

焦作冰雹天气特征及其天气形势     

李艳红闫小利  靳冰凌 《河南气象》2003,(2):16-17

利用1957～2000年天气图资料，分析了焦作市冰雹天气的环流形势、地面中尺度流场、物理参数，揭示了冰雹天气的气候特征及其产生的天气形势。  相似文献