华南地区5月降水的水汽特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于波  林永辉  陈菊英  乔林  翟亮  冯立成 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(4):507-514

利用国家气候中心的降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA海温资料分析了华南地区5月降水的主要水汽通道及变异机制。发现异常多雨年的水汽主要来自南海、孟加拉湾和青藏高原南侧;异常少雨年则因西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)偏东,来自南海的水汽缺失,只有来自孟加拉湾和高原南侧的两股水汽,因而南海的水汽是影响华南地区5月降水的重要因素。分析发现当北太平洋的准东西向海温异常是"负正负"分布时,南海地区为异常的反气旋性环流,有利于副高西伸加强;北太平洋海温距平为"正负正"异常分布时,南海地区为异常的气旋性环流,副高东退减弱。此外,北方南下冷空气的阻挡使得季风北界位置偏南,冷空气和季风在华南地区交汇导致5月降水异常增多。  相似文献   

南黄海冷水中心内外夏季大型底栖动物群落分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

张鹏弛  徐勇  李新正  王洪法  张宝琳  帅莲梅  安建梅 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(2):312-326

根据1959年、2004年和2012年夏季航次的调查数据,研究南黄海冷水中心内、外大型底栖动物群落结构及年际变化。使用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数,平均分类差异指数以及丰度生物量比较曲线(abundance-biomass comparison curves,ABC Curves)分析群落的组成与变化,使用相对重要性指数(index of relative importance,IRI)分析群落中的优势种和重要种。研究结果显示,3个航次共鉴定大型底栖动物112种,隶属18纲69科80属;其中冷水中心(Yellow Sea cold water mass core,YSCWMC)内33种,隶属16纲65科75属;冷水中心外87种,隶属7纲30科36属。两因素方差分析(Two-way ANOVA)结果显示三航次间时空尺度上冷水中心内、外的H′、J′和d的差异均不显著,物种丰度和物种生物量也未发生明显的改变。冷水中心内部群落的H′、J′和d变化幅度较冷水中心外部群落小,表明相较冷水中心外的群落,冷水中心内的群落结构较为稳定。分类差异变异指数及ABC曲线分析也显示冷水中心内、外的群落状况良好。通过比较冷水中心内、外物种组成发现冷水中心内软体动物(Mollusk)种类最多,其丰度和生物量在冷水中心内优势明显,且三个航次间软体动物物种改变较小。冷水中心内群落中的多毛类动物(Polychaeta)和棘皮动物(Echinodermata)虽在各年份分别占据优势种地位,丰度极高,但种类极少。冷水中心外群落中的多毛类动物和棘皮动物占据绝对优势,无论是种类数还是生物量都较其他种类高。在调查航次总生物量中,冷水中心内的软体动物生物量占总生物量的38%,而冷水中心外的仅占总生物量的3%,说明软体动物较为适宜生活在低温、高盐的冷水环境中。三年间分析调查显示冷水中心内软体动物的重要种及常见种有薄索足蛤(Thyasira tokunagai)、秀丽波纹蛤(Raetellops pulchella)、短吻蛤(Periploma sp.)、胡桃蛤(Nucula sp.)和日本梯形蛤(Portlandia japonica)。冷水中心对于大型底栖动物中软体动物的生长繁殖具有重要的保护作用,能够维持其群落结构的稳定。  相似文献   

Fluid sources and stable isotope signatures in authigenic carbonates from the Northern Apennines,Italy     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Authigenic carbonates are frequently associated with methane cold-seep systems, which extensively occur in various geologic settings worldwide. Of interest is the relation between the fluids involved in their formation and the isotopic signals recorded in the carbonate cements. Along the Northern Apennines foothills (Italy), hydrocarbons and connate waters still seeping nowadays are believed to be the primary sources for the formation of fossil authigenic carbonate found in Plio-Pleistocene marine sediments. Four selected outcrops of dolomitic authigenic carbonates were analysed to compare signature of seeping fluids with fractionation of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes recorded in the carbonate.Along the foothills, deep methane-rich fluids spontaneously rise to the surface through mud volcanoes or are exploited in wells drilled nearby to the fossil Plio-Pleistocene authigenic carbonates. The plumbing system providing fluids to present-day cold seeps was structurally achieved in Late Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene. δ¹³C values of methane, which vary from −51.9 to −43.0‰ VPDB, indicate that gas composition from the deep hydrocarbon reservoirs is relatively uniform along the foothills. On the contrary, δ¹³C in fossil authigenic carbonates strongly varies among different areas and also within the same outcrop.The different carbon sources that fed the investigated carbonates were identified and include: thermogenic methane from the deep Miocene reservoirs, ¹³C-enriched CO₂ derived from secondary methanogenesis and microbial methane from Pliocene successions buried in the Po Plain. The δ¹³C variability documented among samples from a single outcrop testifies that the authigenic carbonates might represent a record of varying biogeochemical processes in the hydrocarbon reservoirs. The sources of stable oxygen isotopes in authigenic carbonates are often ascribed to marine water. Oxygen isotopic fractionation in the dolomite cements indicates that marine pore water couldn't be the sole source of oxygen. δ¹⁸O values provide a preliminary evidence that connate waters had a role in the carbonates precipitation. The concomitant occurrence of active cold seepages and fossil record of former plumbing systems suggests that generation and migration of hydrocarbons are long-lasting and very effective processes along the Northern Apennines foothills.  相似文献   

影响辽东半岛两次相似路径台风对比分析     

李慧琳  高松影  徐璐璐  宋丽丽  李瑞晗  王春霞 《气象与环境学报》2015,31(1):6-13

1109号台风“梅花”和1215号台风“布拉万”是自黄海海域北上影响辽东半岛的台风,两次台风降雨量和风力的预报均出现偏差。利用常规气象资料、加密气象自动观测站资料及NCEP再分析资料对两次台风过程进行对比分析。结果表明：500 hPa中高纬度110°-120°E附近低槽、鄂霍次克海阻塞高压、副热带高压强度和形状的改变及北方冷空气对台风北上路径和强度有重要影响。北方冷空气对北上台风引起的降雨十分关键,降雨主要由台风外围螺旋雨带造成。日本海高压伸向中国东北地区的高压脊对大风的形成有重要作用,台风登陆后影响时间的长短与登陆后冷空气的配合有密切关系。  相似文献   

1971-2011年辽宁寒潮时空分布特征     

阎琦  陆井龙  田莉  崔锦  李爽  杨青 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(4):63-69

利用1971-2011年辽宁省58个常规观测站日最低气温资料,分析辽宁寒潮时空分布特征。结果表明：1971-2011年辽宁寒潮年平均频次空间分布存在两个大值中心,一个位于辽宁东北部地区,另一个位于辽西建平地区;11月大范围强寒潮出现最多。近41 a辽宁区域性寒潮在20世纪70年代出现最多,呈不显著的下降趋势;寒潮在10月中旬至翌年5月上旬均可出现,12月上旬至翌年2月下旬是寒潮集中出现时段,出现最多的是1月;区域性寒潮出现次数存在20、13、8a和4a的变化周期。影响辽宁区域性寒潮的主要天气形势有小槽发展型、横槽型和低槽东移型。寒潮物理量预报指标主要有：寒潮前至少有一日升温过程;500 hPa冷中心温度≤-40 ℃;地面冷高压主体中心气压为1050 hPa以上,分裂小高压中心气压为1030 hPa以上;500 hPa和850 hPa急流普遍为24 m.s-1和12 m.s-1以上;850 hPa辽宁附近等温线密集程度≥5条/10纬度;风向与等温线夹角基本大于60°。  相似文献   

2010年2月辽宁地区冻雨天气诊断分析          下载免费PDF全文

关春玲  王天奎 《气象与环境学报》2013,29(4):26-30

应用常规天气资料,从天气、气候及大气物理量场等方面,对2010年2月下旬发生在辽宁地区历史罕见的冰冻雨雪灾害性天气发生发展的成因、主要特征以及造成严重灾害的主要原因进行诊断分析。结果表明：500 hPa低涡分裂的小槽东移是冻雨天气的环流背景;700 hPa源源不断的水汽输送和低层辐合作用是降水产生的基本条件。地面强冷空气是冻雨天气的触发机制;高层为冷的冰晶层,对流层中低层有温度t>0℃的暖的融化层,近地面1-2 km为气温t<0℃的冷层,同时地面达到 0℃以下,这种复杂的逆温层是冻雨产生的天气条件。高层暖平流是维持中空暖层结构的重要条件之一,对暖层的建立和破坏起较大作用,暖层消失冻雨天气也随之结束。中低空水汽饱和度、地面温度和中低空上升、下沉运动与冻雨的强度有密切关系。  相似文献   

Tempo-spatial Variation of Nutrient and Chlorophyll-a Concentrations From Summer to Winter in the Zhangzi Island Area （Northern Yellow Sea）     

YIN Jiehui  ZHAO Zengxia  ZHANG Guangtao  WANG Shiwei  WAN Aiyong 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2013,(3):373-384

Nutrient and Chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentrations were investigated monthly along three transects extending from a mariculturc area to open waters around the Zhangzi Island area from July to December 2009. The objective of this study is to illus- trate food availability to the bottom-sowed scallop Patinopecten yessoensis under the influences of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM）, freshwater input and feedbacks of cultivated scallops. Significant thermal stratification was present in open waters from July to October, and salinity decreased in July and August in surface layers in the mariculture area. Nutrient concentrations increased with depth in both areas in summer, but were similar through water column in November and December. On average, nutrient in- creased from summer to autumn in all components except ammonia. Nutrient concentrations lower than the minimum thresholds for phytoplankton growth were present only in upper layers in summer, but stoichiometric nitrogen limitation existed in the entire inves- tigation period. Column-averaged Chl-a concentration was lower in open waters than in mariculture area in all months. It increased significantly in mariculturc area in August and October, and was less variable in open waters. Our results show that nutrients limita- tion to phytoplankton growth is present mainly in upper layer in association with stratification caused by YSCWM in summer. Freshwater input and upwelling of nutrients accumulated in YSCWM can stimulate phytoplankton production in mariculture area. Farming activities may change stoichiometric nutrient ratios but have less influence on Chl-a concentration.  相似文献   

夏季江苏近海水文化学要素特征及其对沿岸水东北向扩展的指示   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韦钦胜  葛人峰  李艳  范士亮  傅明珠 《海洋学报》2012,34(5):197-204

  相似文献   

Habitat heterogeneity influences cold‐seep macrofaunal communities within and among seeps along the Norwegian margin – Part 2: contribution of chemosynthesis and nutritional patterns     

Carole Decker  Karine Olu 《Marine Ecology》2012,33(2):231-245

The relative contribution of chemosynthesis in heterotrophic fauna at seeps is known to be influenced by depth and by habitat. Using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, we investigated macro‐ and megafaunal nutritional patterns in Norwegian margin cold seeps by comparing food webs both among habitats within a seep site and between different sites. The very active Håkon Mosby mud volcano (HMMV) is characterized by geochemical gradients, microbial activity and faunal zonation from the centre to the periphery. The Storegga Slide (600–900 m depth) has pockmarks with patchy less active seeps, and also shows concentric zonation of habitats but at much smaller spatial scale. The dominant carbon source for macrofaunal nutrition in both areas was chemosynthetically fixed and the bulk of organic carbon was derived from sulphur‐oxidizing bacteria. In HMMV, food chains were clearly separated according to habitats, with significantly lighter δ¹³C signatures on microbial mats and adjacent sediment (?33.06 to ?50.62‰) than in siboglinid fields (?19.83 to ?35.03‰). Mixing model outputs revealed that the contribution of methane‐derived carbon was small in siboglinid fields (0–17%) but significant (39–61%) in the microbial mats. Moreover, the variability of macrofauna signatures within this later habitat suggests the co‐occurrence of two food chains, one based on primary production via methanotrophy and the other via sulphide oxidation. The length of the food chains also varied among habitats, with at least one more trophic level in the siboglinid fields located at the periphery of the volcano. Conversely, in Storrega pockmarks, faunal δ¹³C signatures did not vary among habitats but among species, although separate food chains seem to co‐occur. The small size of the seepage areas and their lower fluxes compared to HMMV allow more background species to penetrate the seep area, increasing the range of δ¹⁵N and the trophic level number. Probably due to the higher flux of photosynthetic particulate organic carbon, the overall chemosynthesis‐based carbon contribution in invertebrate nutrition was lower than that in HMMV.  相似文献   

Community structure changes of macrobenthos in the South Yellow Sea   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

�ž���  ���ɽ  ������ 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(2):248-255

The ecological environment in the Yellow Sea has changed greatly from the 1950s to 1990s and this has had significant impact on marine organisms. In this study, data on soft-sediment macrobenthos occurring in depths from 25 m to 81 m in the South Yellow Sea were used to compare changes in community structure. The agglomerative classification (CLUSTER) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) methods were applied. Five communities were recognized by cluster analysis: 1. The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass community dominated by cold water species, which changed slightly in species composition since the 1950s; 2. The mixed community with the coexistence of cold water species and warm water species, as had been reported previously; 3. The polychaete-dominated eurythermal community in which the composition changed considerably as some dominant species disappeared or decreased; 4. The Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuarine community, with some typical estuarine species; 5. The community affected by the Yellow Sea Warm Current. The greatest change occurred in the coastal area, which indicated that the change may be caused by human activities. Macrobenthos in the central region remained almost unchanged, particularly the cold water species shielded by the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. The depth, temperature and median grain size of sediments were important factors affecting the distributions of macrobenthos in the South Yellow Sea.  相似文献