A Study on a Snowband Associated with a Coastal Front and Cold-Air Damming Event of 3-4 February 1998 along the Eastern Coast of the Korean Peninsula     

Jae-Gyoo LEE  Ming XUE 《大气科学进展》2013,30(2):263-279

A 24-h simulation with the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) nonhydrostatic model is performed for the heavy snowfall event of 3–4 February 1998 along the eastern coast of Korean Peninsula; the results are used to understand the snowfall process, including why the precipitation maxima formed along the Yeongdong coastal region rather than over the mountain slope and ridge top during. The numerical simulation with a 4-km horizontal grid spacing and 43 levels reproduces very well the narrow snowband located off the eastern Korean coast, away from, instead of over, the Yeongdong coastal mountain range. The general evolution of the snowband agrees quite well with radar observations, while the water-equivalent precipitation amount agrees reasonably well with radar precipitation estimate. The simulation results clearly show that the snow band developed due to the lifting by a coastal front that developed because of the damming of cold air against the eastern slope of the coastal mountain range. The damming was enhanced by the advection of cold air by a low-level mountain-parallel jet from the north, formed due to geostrophic adjustment as the on-shore upslope air was decelerated by the mountain blocking. As the onshore flow weakened later due to synoptic-scale flow pattern change, the cold front propagated off shore and the precipitation dissipated.  相似文献   

‘Observations and Modelling of Cold-air Advection over Arctic Sea Ice’     

Timo?VihmaEmail author  Christof?Lüpkes  J?rg?Hartmann  Hannu?Savij?rvi 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2005,117(2):275-300

Aircraft observations of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Arctic sea ice were made during non-stationary conditions of cold-air advection with a cloud edge retreating through the study region. The sea-ice concentration, roughness, and ABL stratification varied in space. In the ABL heat budget, 80% of the Eulerian change in time was explained by cold-air advection and 20% by diabatic heating. With the cloud cover and inflow potential temperature profile prescribed as a function of time, the air temperature and near-surface fluxes of heat and momentum were well simulated by the applied two-dimensional mesoscale model. Model sensitivity tests demonstrated that several factors can be active in generating unstable stratification in the ABL over the Arctic sea ice in March. In this case, the upward sensible heat flux resulted from the combined effect of clouds, leads, and cold-air advection. These three factors interacted non-linearly with each other. From the point of view of ABL temperatures, the lead effect was far less important than the cloud effect, which influenced the temperature profiles via cloud-top radiative cooling and radiative heating of the snow surface. The steady-state simulations demonstrated that under overcast skies the evolution towards a deep, well-mixed ABL may take place through the merging of two mixed layers one related to mostly shear-driven surface mixing and the other to buoyancy-driven top-down mixing due to cloud-top radiative cooling.  相似文献   

The Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Structure Within A Cold Air Outbreak: Comparison Of In Situ, Lidar And Satellite Measurements With Three-Dimensional Simulations     

Cyrille Flamant  Marc Georgelin  Laurent Menut  Jacques Pelon  Philippe Bougeault 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,99(1):85-103

A cold-air outbreak over the Mediterranean, associated with a Tramontane event, has been simulated with the atmospheric non-hydrostatic model Meso-NH using a horizontal resolution of 2 km. Results are compared with in situ aircraft, airborne lidar and satellite measurements. On average, the mean and turbulent parameters simulated in the surface layer and mixed layer compared well with in situ measurements. The model was able to reproduce accurately the Foehn effect in the wake of Cape Creus, as well as the occurence of rolls in the coastal region in connection with cloud streets observed with AVHRR. Over the sea, the threshold value of turbulent kinetic energy defining the height of the atmospheric boundary-layer top in the model (defined as 25% of the maximum turbulent kinetic energy in the profile) enables the simulated atmospheric boundary-layer height to match the one retrieved from lidar measurements. Nevertheless, the model did not handle very well the abrupt gradients of all meteorological parameters observed at the top of the atmospheric boundary-layer. Reasons for this are investigated.  相似文献   

岷江上游多级多期崩滑堵江事件初步研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

柴贺军  刘汉超 《山地学报》2002,20(5):616-620

本文研究了岷江上游地区较场-茂县-汶川长约100km河段上形成多级、多期大型滑坡堵江事件。研究表明，这类特殊的地质灾害有其发生发展的特殊的地质背景，它们造成的灾害和环境效应较一般的滑坡灾害更严重。有针对性对岷江上游这类灾害进一步深入研究是很必要的。  相似文献   

金沙江溪洛渡地区灾害第四系特征及对工程的影响研究     

王运生  陆彦  吴柏清 《地质灾害与环境保护》1998,(2)

通过溪洛渡地区１∶２．５万区域地质调查获得的第一手系统资料的综合分析,论述区内地质灾害事件所形成的第四系（本文简称灾害第四系）——滑坡堆积、堵江堰塞堆积和泥石流堆积的特征,首次确认区内堵江堰塞堆积的存在,并结合工程实际对灾害第四系的稳定性进行评价。  相似文献   

中国南方准静止锋对冬季大范围冻雨的影响     

索渺清  丁一汇  鲁亚斌  唐盛  樊炫君  李婧华 《气象学报》2018,76(4):525-538

利用1979—2016年1月逐日0.125°×0.125° ERA-Interim再分析资料及冻雨观测资料,通过个例合成等方法,探讨了中国南方准静止锋和冬季大范围冻雨的关系。结果表明:（1）中国南方大范围冻雨受昆明和华南准静止锋共同影响呈东西带状分布;（2）青藏高原东侧逆温之强,范围之广以及水汽之充沛的主要原因,一是冷空气常堆积在横断山脉以东和南岭山脉以北等中国广大的南方地区,其形成机制主要为冷平流和绝热冷却,地势较高地带非绝热冷却也较明显;二是700和850 hPa暖平流形成的暖层也十分宽广;三是850 hPa源自中国南海和西太平洋的湿平流输送;（3）500 hPa东亚大槽、700 hPa南支槽、850 hPa反气旋和地面蒙古冷高压为青藏高原东侧对流层低层极地大陆性气团与热带海洋性气团和热带大陆性气团交绥创造了必要的环流条件;（4）东亚冷空气爆发从青藏高原东侧南下,迫使近地面暖湿气团抬升形成华南准静止锋。同时,受青藏高原东部地形的阻挡产生冷空气堆积。当冷空气堆积到一定厚度向西爬上低纬高原时,又与南支西风相遇形成昆明准静止锋。由昆明和华南准静止锋形成的复杂锋面结构,伴随宽广而强烈的逆温有利于中国南方大范围冻雨的产生。   相似文献   

A Holocene history of dune-mediated landscape change along the southeastern shore of Lake Superior     

Walter L. Loope  Timothy G. Fisher  Harry M. Jol  Ronald J. Goble  John B. Anderton  William L. Blewett 《Geomorphology》2004,61(3-4):303-322

Causal links that connect Holocene high stands of Lake Superior with dune building, stream damming and diversion and reservoir impoundment and infilling are inferred from a multidisciplinary investigation of a small watershed along the SE shore of Lake Superior. Radiocarbon ages of wood fragments from in-place stumps and soil O horizons, recovered from the bottom of 300-ha Grand Sable Lake, suggest that the near-shore inland lake was formed during multiple episodes of late Holocene dune damming of ancestral Sable Creek. Forest drownings at 3000, 1530, and 300 cal. years BP are highly correlated with local soil burial events that occurred during high stands of Lake Superior. During these and earlier events, Sable Creek was diverted onto eastward-graded late Pleistocene meltwater terraces. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) reveals the early Holocene valley of Sable Creek (now filled) and its constituent sedimentary structures. Near-planar paleosols, identified with GPR, suggest two repeating modes of landscape evolution mediated by levels of Lake Superior. High lake stands drove stream damming, reservoir impoundment, and eolian infilling of impoundments. Falling Lake Superior levels brought decreased sand supply to dune dams and lowered stream base level. These latter factors promoted stream piracy, breaching of dune dams, and aerial exposure and forestation of infilled lakebeds. The bathymetry of Grand Sable Lake suggests that its shoreline configuration and depth varied in response to events of dune damming and subsequent dam breaching. The interrelated late Holocene events apparent in this study area suggest that variations in lake level have imposed complex hydrologic and geomorphic signatures on upper Great Lakes coasts.  相似文献   

Landscape Evolution Modelling of naturally dammed rivers          下载免费PDF全文

Wouter van Gorp  Arnaud J.A.M. Temme  Jantiene E.M. Baartman  Jeroen M. Schoorl 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(12):1587-1600

Natural damming of upland river systems, such as landslide or lava damming, occurs worldwide. Many dams fail shortly after their creation, while other dams are long‐lived and therefore have a long‐term impact on fluvial and landscape evolution. This long‐term impact is still poorly understood and landscape evolution modelling (LEM) can increase our understanding of different aspects of this response. Our objective was to simulate fluvial response to damming, by monitoring sediment redistribution and river profile evolution for a range of geomorphic settings. We used LEM LAPSUS, which calculates runoff erosion and deposition and can deal with non‐spurious sinks, such as dam‐impounded areas. Because fluvial dynamics under detachment‐limited and transport‐limited conditions are different, we mimicked these conditions using low and high erodibility settings, respectively. To compare the relative impact of different dam types, we evaluated five scenarios for each landscape condition: one scenario without a dam and four scenarios with dams of increasing erodibility. Results showed that dam‐related sediment storage persisted at least until 15 000 years for all dam scenarios. Incision and knickpoint retreat occurred faster in the detachment‐limited landscape than in the transport‐limited landscape. Furthermore, in the transport‐limited landscape, knickpoint persistence decreased with increasing dam erodibility. Stream capture occurred only in the transport‐limited landscape due to a persisting floodplain behind the dam and headward erosion of adjacent channels. Changes in sediment yield variation due to stream captures did occur but cannot be distinguished from other changes in variation of sediment yield. Comparison of the model results with field examples indicates that the model reproduces several key phenomena of damming response in both transport‐limited and detachment‐limited landscapes. We conclude that a damming event which occurred 15 000 years ago can influence present‐day sediment yield, profile evolution and stream patterns. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Catchment response to lava damming: integrating field observation,geochronology and landscape evolution modelling          下载免费PDF全文

Wouter van Gorp  Jeroen M. Schoorl  Arnaud J. A. M. Temme  Tony Reimann  Jan R. Wijbrans  Darrel Maddy  Tuncer Demir  Tom Veldkamp 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(11):1629-1644

Combining field reconstruction and landscape evolution modelling can be useful to investigate the relative role of different drivers on catchment response. The Geren Catchment (~45 km²) in western Turkey is suitable for such a study, as it has been influenced by uplift, climate change and lava damming. Four Middle Pleistocene lava flows (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar‐ dated from 310 to 175 ka) filled and dammed the Gediz River at the Gediz–Geren confluence, resulting in base‐level fluctuations of the otherwise uplift‐driven incising river. Field reconstruction and luminescence dating suggest fluvial terraces in the Geren Catchment are capped by Middle Pleistocene aggradational fills. This showed that incision of the Geren trunk stream has been delayed until the end of MIS 5. Subsequently, the catchment has responded to base‐level lowering since MIS 4 by 30 m of stepped net incision. Field reconstruction left us with uncertainty on the main drivers of terrace formation. Therefore, we used landscape evolution modelling to investigate catchment response to three scenarios of base‐level change: (i) uplift with climate change (rainfall and vegetation based on arboreal pollen); (ii) uplift, climate change and short‐lived damming events; (iii) uplift, climate and long‐lived damming events. Outputs were evaluated for erosion–aggradation evolution in trunk streams at two different distances from the catchment outlet. Climate influences erosion–aggradation activity in the catchment, although internal feedbacks influence timing and magnitude. Furthermore, lava damming events partly control if and where these climate‐driven aggradations occur. Damming thus leaves a legacy on current landscape evolution. Catchment response to long‐duration damming events corresponds best with field reconstruction and dating. The combination of climate and base level explains a significant part of the landscape evolution history of the Geren Catchment. By combining model results with fieldwork, additional conclusions on landscape evolution could be drawn. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

堵江滑坡作坝主要是工程地质问题及实例     

符文熹  万宗礼 《地质灾害与环境保护》1999,10(1):52-56

国内外大量的文献资料和作者的野外现场调查表明,滑坡堵江成坝形成堰塞湖在山区一带广泛发育研究发现堵江滑坡作坝存在的地质问题,主要包括坝体的渗透变形、稳定性、沉降及不均匀沉降和砂土液化问题。对上术叶质问题进行探讨,并对堵江滑坡坝进行实例分析,对开发利用滑坡堵江形成堰寒湖藏的丰富水能资源具有指导作用。  相似文献