边界效应的测定方法新探   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

胡志丁  骆华松  侯钰 《世界地理研究》2009,18(1):19-26

在综述国内边界效应研究与近年来（次）区域合作出现的新情况基础之上,采用多指标综合评价法重新构建了边界效应的测定方法,并采用德尔菲法、主成分分析法、层次分析法三者相结合的方法测算边界效应。最后提出边界效应的测定进一步研究方向是：1．在探讨政治、经济、社会、文化的内在联系的基础之上建立综合测定模型;2．按照某一划分标准分类测定;3．边界效应的测定与边界效应调控相结合。  相似文献   

The diapcynal nutrient flux and shear-induced diapcynal mixing in the seasonally stratified western Irish Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tom P. Rippeth  Phil Wiles  Matt R. Palmer  Jonathan Sharples  Jacqueline Tweddle 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

We estimate the diapcynal nitrate flux in the seasonally stratified western Irish Sea using the dissipation method. By comparing the divergence of the reported benthic and diapcynal nitrate fluxes, we are able to explain much of the observed annual summer decline in deep-water nitrate at this location. We then show that the new production, fuelled by the diapcynal nitrate flux, is of a similar magnitude to that associated with the spring bloom. This suggests that the physical processes responsible for the diapcynal nitrate flux will set the limit on new production at this location. High-resolution mid-water column ADCP measurements show an average thermocline gradient Richardson number of 1, thus suggesting episodes of enhanced shear could result in shear instability, and therefore mixing within the thermocline. Bulk shear measurements reveal episodes of enhanced shear in the form of spikes, during which time the bulk shear vector takes the form of a clockwise rotating vector which has a period close to the local inertial period. The episodes of shear spikes are correlated to the wind and are consistent with observations made elsewhere. Estimates of profiles of the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy, based on microstructure velocity measurements, show that during a shear spike the dissipation rate within the thermocline, and therefore the buoyancy (and nitrate) flux, is enhanced by a factor of 4 when compared to periods with no shear spikes. Intermittent shear spikes are, therefore, an important mechanism for enhancing mixing across the shelf sea seasonal thermocline, and therefore delivery of nitrate to the euphotic zone, at this location.  相似文献   

某电厂贮灰坝失稳过程及破坏机制研究     

陈善雄  冯美果  许锡昌  陈守义 《岩土力学》2009,30(11):3365-3371

运用非饱和土土力学理论分析了某电厂贮灰坝失稳过程,揭示了该贮灰坝的失稳和破坏机制。分析表明,随着子坝挡水历时的增加,积水不断下渗,浸润线逐渐抬高,非饱和区域相应减少,坝体中受此影响的部位的孔隙水压力也随之不断增高,抗剪强度不断降低。此过程发展到一定程度,则导致贮灰坝产生破坏和滑动。上述分析清楚地诠释了干滩长期消失会使贮灰坝的稳定性遭受巨大威胁的原因。其研究结果可为贮灰坝、尾矿坝在类似工况下的稳定性评价和预测预报提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Alternative non‐linear demand estimation methods for probability‐based seismic assessments     

F. Jalayer  C. A. Cornell 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(8):951-972

Alternative non‐linear dynamic analysis procedures, using real ground motion records, can be used to make probability‐based seismic assessments. These procedures can be used both to obtain parameter estimates for specific probabilistic assessment criteria such as demand and capacity factored design and also to make direct probabilistic performance assessments using numerical methods. Multiple‐stripe analysis is a non‐linear dynamic analysis method that can be used for performance‐based assessments for a wide range of ground motion intensities and multiple performance objectives from onset of damage through global collapse. Alternatively, the amount of analysis effort needed in the performance assessments can be reduced by performing the structural analyses and estimating the main parameters in the region of ground motion intensity levels of interest. In particular, single‐stripe and double‐stripe analysis can provide local probabilistic demand assessments using minimal number of structural analyses (around 20 to 40). As a case study, the displacement‐based seismic performance of an older reinforced concrete frame structure, which is known to have suffered shear failure in its columns during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake, is evaluated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

波浪引起的海床失稳机理及有关孔隙水压力的讨论   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨琳  蒋学炼  李炎保 《海洋技术学报》2004,23(4):75-80

近年来在海洋工程中由于海床失稳和下沉而引起的工程事故时有发生,因此波浪、海床和建筑物的相互作用问题越来越引起工程界的关注。文章首先介绍了波浪引起的海床失稳的基本机理,同时,由于孔隙水压力在海床失稳中起着重要作用,因此又通过引用前人成果,讨论了波土参数对孔隙水压力的影响。  相似文献   

深水极端波浪非线性几何特征试验分析     

赫岩莉  毛鸿飞  吴光林  潘新祥 《海洋工程》2021,39(5):86-94

为了解极端波浪非线性特征,明确波群在演化过程中的水动力学特性,针对一系列高斯波群进行了深水物理试验分析。试验结果显示,增加波陡或波群宽度,均可使波面偏度Sk发生明显变化,尤其当波浪发生破碎后,在破碎区域内,波面偏度变化范围剧烈增大,说明该偏度极大值可能作为判断破碎的一个指标。波陡和波群宽度对波面不对称度影响程度不同:当波陡或波群宽度增加后,波峰不对称度所受影响最大,波峰前端波谷不对称度次之,波峰后端波谷不对称度所受影响最小,但仍不可忽略。在波浪演化过程中,幅值谱出现不同程度频带下移,波浪破碎后,会出现永久频带下移;当调制不稳定发生时,随着调制不稳定指数增加,频带下移量呈现快速增长趋势。  相似文献   

星载SAR遥感图像反演海洋大气边界层高度          下载免费PDF全文

范开国  黄韦艮  贺明霞  傅斌  施英妮 《地球物理学报》2012,55(4):1137-1143

本研究将边界层相似理论与对流理论应用到具有海洋大气边界层(Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer, MABL)对流特征的星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)遥感图像,探讨了星载SAR遥感图像描述海气应力作用下水平扰动尺度变化的潜在可能性.针对具有三维对流涡旋Cell和二维水平滚轴涡旋Roll特征的星载SAR遥感图像,反演了中国海海域MABL高度,并与同步实验获取的MABL高度结果进行对比.结果表明,利用具有对流特征的星载SAR遥感图像反演MABL高度是可行的,展示了以高分辨率、大面积观测为特点的星载SAR遥感图像探测MABL的广阔前景.  相似文献   

An experimental test of whether bar instability contributes to the formation,periodicity and maintenance of pool–riffle sequences     

Scott N. Wilkinson  Ian D. Rutherfurd  Robert J. Keller 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(11):1742-1756

Pool–riffle sequences (PRSs) are periodic river‐bed morphologies with wavelengths several times the channel width. Causes of PRS formation and maintenance are not clearly understood, which may limit the effectiveness of protection and rehabilitation measures. Some confusion has existed about whether the PRS morphology is the same as or distinct from alternate bars. In this paper we investigate whether the bar instability forming alternate bars also contributes to PRS formation, periodicity and maintenance. This was unclear because bar instability occurs only when the ratio of channel width/depth exceeds a critical value, generally understood to be approximately 10, which is larger than the width‐to‐depth ratio of many PRSs. A mobile‐bed physical model is used to test whether bar instability occurs in channels characteristic of PRS morphology, with low width‐to‐depth ratio, and high relative roughness. The physical model was scaled from a prototype PRS in a gravel and cobble bed river. Alternate bars formed in the model at channel width‐to‐depth ratios as low as 3·8. The wavelength of the alternate bars formed was generally 2·2–5 times channel width, which was similar to the prototype PRS. Therefore, bar instability can occur in virtually all PRSs, and it contributes to the widespread formation of periodic PRS morphology. The model showed that maintenance of the bar height in the prototype PRS also depends on variations in channel width. It is concluded that periodic PRSs are formed and maintained by the interaction between bar instability, and flow deflections associated with variations in channel geometry such as width variation. Resonance between bar instability and three‐dimensional bed forms such as alternate bars and variations in channel geometry. Variations in channel geometry are also important in determining the location and dimensions of individual pools and bars. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

对流参数气候特征在短期预报中的应用   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王立荣  王丽荣  匡顺四  郭卫红 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(5):38-41

利用对流参数气候特征,可以判断对流天气出现的可能性,进而提高预报时效。以2004年和2005年6－8月石家庄17个地面站观测资料和邢台站高空探测资料为例,计算了对流有效位能（CAPE）、沙氏指数（SI）、K指数（KI）和对流性稳定度指数（IC）等对流参数的气候平均值（气候特征）,求取雷暴日和强雷暴日各对流参数的平均值。结果表明：不同的月份与不同强度对流天气的气候特征有明显差别。计算了2006年7月逐日4个时次的对流参数,并分析这些参数和石家庄天气的关系表明：CAPE和SI能够较好的反映出强对流的一些特征;02时和14时加密探空资料弥补了08时和20时时间间隔较长的缺陷,对提高对流天气的短期和短时预报水平,有着十分重要的意义。  相似文献   

基于微结构失稳假说及广义吸力理论的黄土体变模型     

刘旭  王兰民  陈龙珠  孙军杰 《岩土力学》2007,28(12):2517-2523

针对原状非饱和及饱和黄土的体积变形问题,提出了一个复合体计算模型。该模型将黄土看作由各自均匀分布于土中的原状部分和扰动部分组成的,这两部分土体的体积比率,可由黄土结构的微观几何模型、孔隙率密度曲线及考虑广义吸力的微结构失稳条件计算得出。假设原状部分仅发生弹性变形,扰动部分符合重塑土的变形规律。复合体的应变增量包括原状部分的弹性、重塑土的塑性及结构崩塌3部分;其中：结构崩塌变形特指微结构失稳时原状土体的孔隙率突然变为重塑土的孔隙率;重塑土的体积应变形采用广义吸力理论计算。采用不同的初始饱和度的黄土结构强度计算出非饱和土微观结构刚度与饱和度的函数,从而获得非饱和土黄土微观结构失稳的判别条件。分别计算了低含水天然非饱和及饱和黄土的压缩曲线,并与试验结果对比说明了模型的合理性。  相似文献