1980—2009年我国龙卷事件变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

冯婧  周伟灿  徐影 《气候变化研究进展》2012,8(3):183-189

根据1980—2009年我国龙卷事件的变化特征,初步探讨了20世纪90年代以后龙卷事件显著减少的特征及原因。结果表明,1980—2009年龙卷事件呈现明显减少的趋势,20世纪80年代最多,90年代以后明显减少,尤其是夏季(7—8月),在我国东部地区减少最明显。对龙卷高发时段7—8月06时(UTC)对流有效位能(ECAPE)与深层垂直风切变(S06)以及二者乘积变量(ES)的分析表明:ECAPE和S06是影响龙卷的两个重要因子,ES的高值中心更好地对应于龙卷事件发生的集中区。地面气温的变化会影响ECAPE的变化。1980—2009年,我国华北平原地区7—8月S06明显下降是20世纪80年代以后我国华北地区龙卷事件减少的主要原因。  相似文献   

气候变化对沈阳冬季供暖期的影响          下载免费PDF全文

关健华  王冠  李岚  明慧青  蘑亚平  孙婧  赵淼  张楠 《气象与环境学报》2012,28(6):72-75

利用1961-2010年沈阳市的年平均气温和供暖期及供暖期前一个月、供暖期后一个月的逐日平均气温资料,采用线性趋势分析方法及度日法,分析近50 a沈阳市年平均气温和供暖期平均气温变化的总体趋势,并对供暖初日、供暖终日和供暖期长度及供暖强度的变化特征进行分析。结果表明：近50 a沈阳市年平均气温与供暖期平均气温均呈上升趋势,近50 a年平均气温上升明显,通过了显著性检验;气候变暖使得供暖初日推迟;供暖终日提前;供暖期长度缩短;气候变暖使实际供暖强度逐渐减弱。  相似文献   

闽北一次初春强降水的成因分析     

何小宁  吴幸毓 《气象研究与应用》2012,33(3):21-24,37,114

利用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、新一代天气雷达资料,对2012年3月6日-7日福建省北部地区暴雨成因进行诊断分析。结果表明:此次降水过程在高空西风槽南下带来的冷空气与西南暖湿气流交汇的背景下产生,暴雨区位于低空西南急流北侧、低层切变南侧、地面冷锋附近;强降水落区位于层结不稳定的湿区中,低层辐合、高层辐散有利于对流发展;干冷空气的侵入时高层高值位涡库向北向下伸展,促使中低层气旋涡度发展,从而导致强降水的发生;雷达回波分析表明,低层暖平流、高层冷平流、区域上空辐合形势都有利于对流性降水的产生。  相似文献   

Performance of Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System (RIEMS) in the Simulation of Surface Air Temperature over East Asia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

ZHAO De-Ming 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(2):145-150

Regional climate models (RCMs) have the potential for more detailed surface characteristic and mesoscale modeling results than general circulation models (GCMs).These advantages have drawn significant focus on RCM development in East Asia.The Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System,version 2.0 (RIEMS2.0),has been developed from an earlier RCM,RIEMS1.0,by the Key Laboratory of Regional ClimateEnvironment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA) and Nanjing University.A numerical experiment covering 1979 to 2008 (simulation duration from 1 January 1978 to 31 December 2008) with a 50-km spatial resolution was performed to test the ability of RIEMS2.0 to simulate long-term climate and climate changes in East Asia and to provide a basis for further development and applications.The simulated surface air temperature (SAT) was compared with observed meteorological data.The results show that RIEMS2.0 simulation reproduced the SAT spatial distribution in East Asia but that it was underestimated.The simulated 30-year averaged SAT was approximately 2.0°C lower than the observed SAT.The annual and interannual variations in the averaged SAT and their anomalies were both well reproduced in the model.A further analysis of three sub-regions representing different longitudinal ranges showed that there is a good correlation and consistency between the simulated results and the observed data.The annual variations,interannual variations for the averaged SAT,and the anomalies in the three sub-regions were also captured well by the model.In summary,RIEMS2.0 shows stability and does well both in simulating the long-term SAT in East Asia and in expressing sub-regional characteristics.  相似文献   

Air masses and aerosols chemical components in the free troposphere at the subtropical northeast atlantic region     

A. M. Díaz  J. P. Díaz  F. J. Expósito  P. A. Hernández-Leal  D. Savoie  X. Querol 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2006,53(1):63-90

The dynamics and the aerosol chemistry of the air masses reaching the free troposphere of the subtropical Northeast Atlantic region during the period 1995–98 have been studied. Seven days backward trajectories were calculated daily with HYSPLIT-4 model for Izaña Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Observatory (28.3^°N 16.5^°W, 2367 m a.s.l.). These back-trajectories were classified by means of a k-means clustering strategy. The daily air masses have been coded using 16 variables to detect the aerosol load of each one of them. Four clusters were found: Cluster 1, representative of Atlantic oceanic middle troposphere air masses, (OMT), has an average frequency of occurrence of 50.6%. Cluster 2, which includes air masses originated in the African continent (AfD), has been recorded in a 19.8% of time. Cluster 3 represents a mixture at least of two of the next sources: Europe, Africa and Ocean, (EAM), with a frequency of 12.7%. Finally, Cluster 4 includes air masses with a high load of maritime aerosols, (MaA), and it has been detected in a 16.9%. An analysis of four aerosol components: NO₃ ^?, NH₄ ⁺, non-sea-salt-SO₄ ^2?, and mineral dust and its relation with the origin and transport of the air masses have been done. The highest quantities of mineral dust and nss-SO₄ ^2? are linked with African air masses with a mean value of 86.5 and 1.9 μg/m³ respectively. Whereas the highest levels of NO₃ ^?, 1.0 μg/m³, and NH₄ ⁺, 0.4 μg/m³, were obtained for AfD and EAM. The lowest levels were associated with OMT and MaA air masses types: 12.7, 0.6, 0.2, and 0.5 μg/m³ for dust, NO₃ ^?, NH₄ ⁺, and nss-SO₄ ^2? in average for the four studied years. However, it is remarkable that the values of the median for dust are 2.2 and 3.5 μg/m³ in clusters MaA and OMT respectively. Using non-parametric statistical tests the distributions of concentrations in each cluster by year have been compared in order to detect similarities. The results show that the aerosol loads of OMT and MaA air masses are quite similar and the same occurs for AfD and EAM air masses. However, the correlation analysis between the levels of anions and ammonium evidenced important differences among the air mass types. In AfD air masses is clear a low correlation between levels of nss-SO₄ ^2? and NH₄ ⁺ (r ² = 0.08) suggesting that the sulfate speciation was dominated by sulfate species others than ammonium sulfate, such as calcium sulfate. CaSO₄ ?2H₂O (gypsum) is mainly present in the coarse mode, where the radiative effects of sulfate are less important that in the accumulative mode. For OMT air masses is noticeable an important increasing on the correlation between the levels of anions and those of NH₄ ⁺ for the two last years of the study period (1997–1998, r ² = 0.61 –0.85%) with respect to the first ones (1995–1996, r ² = 0.25–0.49%), coinciding with the second strongest ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) event recorded. This behavior indicates a change in the speciation of the aerosol component.  相似文献   

Using synoptic classification and trajectory analysis to assess air quality during the winter heating period in Ürümqi,China     

王莉莉  王跃思  孙扬  李圆圆 《大气科学进展》2012,29(2):307-319

Synoptic patterns identified by an automated procedure employing principal- component analysis and a two-stage cluster analysis, and backward trajectory analysis clustered by the HYSPLIT4.9 model were used to examine air quality patterns over¨ Uru¨mqi, China, one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world. Six synoptic patterns representing different atmospheric circulation patterns and air-mass characteristics were classified during the winter heating periods from 2001 to 2008, and seven trajectory clusters representing different paths of air masses arriving at ürümqi were calculated during the winter heating periods from 2005 to 2008. Then air quality was evaluated using these two approaches, and significant variations were found across both synoptic patterns and trajectory clusters. The heaviest air-pollution episodes occurred when ürümqi was either in an extremely cold, strong anticyclone or at the front of a migrating cyclone. Both conditions were characterized by with light winds, cold, wet surface air, and relatively dry upper air. ürümqi was predominately influenced by air masses from the southwest and from local areas. Air pollution index (API) levels were highest for air masses originating from the southwest with a longer path or for the local area, because of transport from semi-desert/desert regions by strong winds and because of local heavy pollution emissions, respectively. The interactions between these two analytical approaches showed that poor diffusion conditions, together with local circulation, enhanced air pollution, besides, regional air-mass transport caused by strong winds contributed to serious air quality under relatively good diffusion conditions.  相似文献   

2011年10月大气环流和天气分析     

蒋星 《气象》2012,38(1):118-122

2011年10月大气环流主要特征如下：极涡呈偶极型分布,中心分别位于格陵兰岛北部和亚洲北部,位于格陵兰岛的中心比常年略偏强。中高纬度地区环流呈现4波型分布,大西洋中部和太平洋东部大槽的强度略偏强,东欧槽和东亚槽比常年偏弱。南支槽大约位于90。E附近略偏西,与多年平均位置一致,强度略偏强。副热带高压强度接近常年同期。2011年10月全国平均气温为10.6℃,较常年偏高1.0℃。全国平均降水量为38.7 mm,较常年同期偏多1.7 mm。月内出现4次较强降水过程、2次较强冷空气过程和3次大雾天气过程。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐重污染日的天气分型和边界层结构特征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李霞  杨静  麻军  王江  赵克明  任泉  赵勇 《高原气象》2012,31(5):1414-1423

利用2004年1月-2009年4月高空、地面气象观测资料和逐日空气污染指数,对乌鲁木齐空气污染≥Ⅳ级的重污染日持续时间特征、500hPa高空环流形势、地面气压场及相应的边界层结构特征进行了统计分析。结果表明,乌鲁木齐重污染过程发生1天和持续2,3和4天的比例分别是32.2%,23.3%,18.5%和11.0%;发生重污染时500hPa以纬向环流型居多,占重污染总日数的84.2%,经向环流型为15.8%。从地面气压场来看,高压后部型出现重污染的频率最高,达86.3%;高压底部型次之,为9.6%;高压前部型和南高北低型出现重污染的几率较小。乌鲁木齐冬季Ⅲ级污染日对应的温度、湿度及风等要素廓线的垂直结构与冬季平均状况几乎一致,而重污染出现时,边界层逆温较强、风速较低且低空伴随有较厚的偏东风或东南风气流;重污染日和雾的关系密切,伴随有雾或轻雾的频率高达81.3%;前一日20:00(北京时)上干下湿并伴有逆温的边界层结构极易导致空气质量恶化。  相似文献   

1873—2009年上海气温日较差变化及其影响因素     

周宇  史军  孙国武  董广涛 《辽宁气象》2012,(1):24-30

利用1873—2009年中国上海市11个气象站地面气象观测资料和1951—2009年北极涛动指数、1873—2000年西伯利亚高压强度等资料,分析了上海地区气温日较差的时间变化特征,以及大气环流异常变化、其他气象要素变化和城市化发展对气温日较差的影响。结果表明：过去137 a,上海气温日较差呈显著减小趋势,减小幅度为0.15℃/10 a。上海四季气温日较差均呈现出显著下降趋势,其中秋季气温日较差下降幅度最大,冬季气温日较差下降幅度最小。近60 a来,北极涛动指数表现出从负位相向正位相转变的趋势;而近130 a来,西伯利亚高压强度表现出由正距平向负距平转变的趋势,导致中国上海最低气温上升幅度大于最高气温的上升幅度,进而导致气温日较差的减小。在四季及全年,上海气温日较差的减小与日照时数的减少呈显著正相关,而与降水量的增加呈负相关。城市化对气温日较差的减小有明显影响。  相似文献   

和林格尔县地温变化与气温的关系     

王冰利  张宇  祁丽茹 《内蒙古气象》2012,(5):27-29

利用和林县气象局1960—2008年气温、40、80cm地温月平均数据,降水、日照、积雪月总量数据,对地温与气温的变化关系及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明,40cm地温与气温有相同的变化趋势,其突变点与气温变化的突变点相同,均为1987年。40cm地温在夏季略受降水的影响,而冬季受积雪的影响较明显。其终年与日照时数相关较弱,说明地-气辐射过程平衡的速度较快,会很快消除掉其他气象因子带来的地温与气温之间差异的阶变。40cm与80cm地温变化的一致度很高,表明80cm很少得到来自地壳内部热量,80cm地温变化的两个异常点分别位于1988年和1990年,处于1987年附近但落后于1987年,说明气候突变会影响到80cm地温变化,但影响滞后。  相似文献