结构震害指数研究评述   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

郭子雄  刘阳  杨勇 《地震工程与工程振动》2004,24(5):56-61

结构震害指数是评价某个结构或构件在受到地震作用后的破坏状态的无量纲指数,是人们在地震后对受损建筑做出处理决策的重要理论依据。对国际上较常用的震害指数计算模型进行了简要介绍和评述,分析了这些模型的优缺点,在此基础上提出震害指数今后研究的发展方向和建议。  相似文献   

逆掩断层垂向封闭性定量模拟实验及评价方法   总被引：38，自引：4，他引：34       下载免费PDF全文

付晓飞  吕延防  付广  文慧俭 《地质科学》2004,39(2):223-233

在正确分析逆掩断层形成的地质条件和封闭机理的基础上,本文认为与逆掩断层相伴生的塑性岩石的变形特征、断面压力和断裂带中泥质含量是影响断层垂向封闭性的主要因素。进行了断裂带填充物中泥质含量与断层封闭性定量关系物理模拟实验,并分析了岩石变形特征对断层封闭性的影响,建立了断层封闭性评价标准,提出了利用断裂带填充物质的性质、断面压力和膏泥岩变形特征评价断层封闭性方法。选择了库车坳陷克拉 3号构造进行了实例分析,结果表明该方法具有可靠性  相似文献   

Planktonic stages of Maurolicus muelleri (Teleostei Sternoptychidae) in New Zealand waters     

D. A. Robertson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):311-328

The seasonality and distribution, abundance, and hydrological affinities of the planktonic stages of the sternoptychid Maurolicus muelleri (Grnelin, 1788) are described for the New Zealand region. Spawning occurred from August to March, and the planktonic stages were widespread around New Zealand. Spawning probably takes place around midday at depths greater than 250 m. Eggs and larval stages were present over temperature ranges of 9.0–15.5°c and 13–22°c respectively.  相似文献   

Improving the estimate of wind energy input into the Ekman layer within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

ZHANG Yuming  WU Kejian  ZHANG Xiaoshuang  BI Fan  SONG Zhaoyang  LIU Shouhua 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(3):19-27

Based on the data and method offered by Liu et al. (2009), the direct wind and Stokes drift-induced energy inputs into the Ekman layer within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) area are reestimated since the results of the former have been proved to be underestimated. And the result shows that the total rate of energy input into the Ekman-Stokes layer within the ACC area is 852.41 GW, including 649.75 GW of direct wind energy input (76%) and 202.66 GW of Stoke drift-induced energy input (24%). Total increased energy input, due to wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing added to the classical Ekman model, is 52.05 GW, accounting for 6.5% of the wind energy input into the classical Ekman layer. The long-term variability of direct wind and Stokes drift-induced energy inputs into the Ekman layer within the ACC is also investigated, and the result shows that the Stokes drift hinders the decadal increasing trend of direct wind energy input. Meanwhile, there is a period of 4-5 a in the energy spectrums, as same as the Antarctic circumpolar wave.  相似文献   

Cyclic behavior of natural organic clay under variable confining pressure that match traffic loading conditions     

Yuke Wang  Heyang Jia  Hongjian Cai  Xiangyuan Zhang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):402-407

ABSTRACT

One-way cyclic loading is more typical for traffic loading and cyclic triaxial test has been recognized as a useful method for solving many engineering problems. Under traffic loading, the influence of variable confining pressure on cyclic behavior of natural organic clay subjected to cyclic traffic loading is rarely reported in the literature. In this study, a laboratory investigation on undrained cyclic behavior of natural organic clay is presented and conducted by cyclic triaxial apparatus. Tests are conducted by both constant confining pressure and variable confining pressure, to simulate the loading conditions induced by passing vehicles in actual engineering. Different stress levels are also considered in this study. By comparing between the results of constant confining pressure tests and variable confining pressure tests, it shows that the one-way cyclic behavior of organic clay is influenced significantly by variation of confining pressure, in terms of pore water pressure, permanent axial strain and stress–strain hysteretic loops.  相似文献   

组合压气机中尾迹与势流同频/异频干涉的叠加特性          下载免费PDF全文

赵奔  杨策  老大中  张卫正 《海洋科学进展》2013,(4):477-485

为揭示多级压气机中上下游叶轮对中间叶片叠加气动影响特性,阐述不同叠加干涉情况下下游叶轮进气角度变化,采用数值方法模拟了一级轴流和一级离心组成的组合压气机非定常流场。详细讨论了上游动叶尾迹和下游动叶势流对中间导流叶栅段气流非定常流动的异频和同频叠加干涉特性,依据计算结果,直观地展示了静叶通道中两种干涉间相互激励和抑制作用的位置和时间,与数学公式的推导结果相互印证。研究结果表明:当上下游动叶对中间静叶段异频干涉时,干涉的激励、抑制区域的轴向位置随时间发生变化;当上下游动叶对中间静叶干涉频率相同时,干涉的相互激励、抑制区域的轴向位置不随时间发生变化,但干涉的激励、抑制区域的轴向位置受时序位置影响。另外,上游动叶尾迹与下游离心叶轮势流的不同叠加情况,决定着下游离心叶轮进口相对气流角的大小及波动幅值。   相似文献   

Application of High Energy Dynamic Compaction in Coastal Reclamation Areas     

Shi-Jin Feng  Wei-Hou Shui  Li-Ya Gao  Li-Jun He 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):130-142

High energy dynamic compaction (HEDC) is adopted in a coastal reclamation area because the grain size of backfilled soil mostly ranges between 20 cm and 100 cm. The in situ tests for evaluating the effectiveness of HEDC were performed on the backfilled soil ground. The crater depth per drop and the whole test zone elevations before and after HEDC were measured and analyzed. Dynamic penetration tests and spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) tests were used for investigating the improvement depth. Furthermore, the allowable bearing capacity of HEDC treated ground was determined based on the results of plate-load tests. It was found that HEDC did not cause the ground surface heave during construction, and was more effective than low energy dynamic compaction (LEDC) in terms of applied energy utilization. Based on the test results, the improvement depth of HEDC at this site was not less than 14 m, and there was no obvious weak layer within the range of improvement depth. The allowable bearing capacities were larger than 160 kPa. The investigation results indicate that the HEDC technique is an effective way for improving backfilled coarse-grained soil in coastal reclamation areas. This technique helps to achieve both greater improvement depths and higher ground bearing capacities as compared with LEDC.  相似文献   

Food and energy in the diet of brown and rainbow trout from Lake Benmore,New Zealand     

N. H. McCarter 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):551-559

The diet of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (S. gairdnerii) was studied in specimens from Lake Benmore, a deep, oligo‐trophic lake in South Island, New Zealand. Between November and July, both species fed mainly on small molluscs (Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Physa sp., and Gyraulus corinna) gleaned from the littoral weed beds. Energy values for the three species of mollusc were determined: P. antipodarum, 6000 J g^‐1; G. corinna, 5500 J g^‐1; Physa sp., 9800 J g^‐1. Potamopyrgus antipodarum yielded little energy to the fish, unless its shell broke during passage through the gut. Physa sp. was the most profitable mollusc, irrespective of shell breakage and Potamopyrgus antipodanim the least profitable. The mean energy value per snail for G. corinna and Physa sp. eaten by rainbow trout was 25–30% less than for snails eaten by brown trout, possibly because rainbow trout ingested empty shells from the sediment surface. Rainbow trout extracted about 20% more energy than brown trout from unbroken shells. In July, 84% of the brown trout switched to predation of common bullies, Gobio‐morphus cotidianus, probably as a result of bully reproductive behaviour. Rainbow trout did not show the same change, apparently because they were feeding in deeper water where few bullies were available. The low‐energy diet and its possible connection with growth rate are discussed.  相似文献   

黄河源鄂陵湖地区辐射收支和地表能量平衡特征研究     

唐恬  王磊  文小航 《冰川冻土》2013,35(6):1462-1473

利用2010年6-7月鄂陵湖野外试验的近地层观测数据,分析了在不同天气条件下黄河源鄂陵湖地区辐射分量、地表能量分量、土壤温度和反照率的变化特征. 结果表明：不同天气条件下,辐射和地表能量各分量日变化差异较大,晴天、阴天和雨天的地表反照率依次递减,平均反照率约为0.21;观测期内,平均辐射贡献从大到小依次为向上长波、向下长波、向下短波、向上短波,日积分值分别为31.4 MJ·m^-2、25.6 MJ·m^-2、22.4 MJ·m^-2、4.2 MJ·m^-2,净辐射(12.5 MJ·m^-2)占向下短波辐射的55.7%;平均地表能量和土壤温度的变化幅度较晴天小,感热、潜热、0 cm土壤热通量的平均日积分值分别占净辐射的21.2%、43.1%、8.2%;平均土壤温度变化幅度随深度增加逐渐减小,浅层土壤温度峰值较晴天低2 ℃,深层土壤温度相差不大. 云和降水的扰动削弱了向下短波辐射,导致平均感热通量和0 cm土壤热通量的峰值比晴天小,而平均潜热通量的峰值大于晴天. 由于湖泊水体巨大的热容量和水分供应,鄂陵湖地区的气温日较差较小,地表温度变化幅度变小,附近地表温度升高缓慢. 鄂陵湖区的地表能量平衡中,潜热通量占主导,感热和地表土壤热通量次之. 研究结果有助于理解气候变化背景下黄河源区湖泊的能量水分循环过程,为促进该地区光热资源的合理利用和畜牧业的可持续发展提供数据支持.  相似文献   

基于断裂力学的岩爆破坏形迹两级预测方法研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈培帅  陈卫忠  庄严 《岩土力学》2013,34(2):575-584

根据常规的岩爆判据,可以确定岩爆的大致分布区域,但难以得到岩爆的破坏形迹（Damaged Shape of Rockburst,DSR）,为此根据岩爆的特点,推导了裂纹失稳扩展的临界长度和临界应力条件,提出了计算DSR的两级预测方法：通过裂纹失稳扩展时的临界应力,对DSR进行一级预测;在一级预测的DSR范围内加入预设裂纹,进行DSR的二级预测。针对断裂数值模拟方法的缺点,建立了基于扩展有限元（XFEM）模拟裂纹动态扩展的思路,依托ABAQUS平台,建立了XFEM二次开发的分析框架,编制了扩展有限元分析程序,进行了相关的实例验证;结合依托工程嘎隆拉隧道,从岩爆的机制、裂纹的数值仿真等方面开展研究,研究成果对高地应力地下工程的岩爆预测具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献