Modeling infrared absorption bands with nonspherical particles     

T. V. Zinov’eva 《Astronomy Letters》2005,31(7):458-473

We investigated the two deepest absorption bands observed in the spectra of stars and protostars, the water-ice band with the center near 3.1 μm and the silicate band with the center near 9.7 μm, by using a core-mantle confocal spheroid model with various axial ratios and relative volumes of the core material. We considered the effect of grain size, shape, structure, chemical composition, and orientation on the central wavelengths of the two bands, their full widths at half maximum (FWHMs), the ratio of the optical depths at their centers, and the polarization. We found that the observed relationships between the FWHMs of the bands and the ratio of their optical depths at the band centers could be explained if we chose slightly oblate or prolate particles (a/b ? 2) of small sizes (r_v ? 0.35 μm) with a silicate core and a thin ice mantle (V_core/V_total ? 0.7).  相似文献   

An infrared proper motion study of the Orion bullets     

J.-K. Lee  M. G. Burton 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,315(1):11-20

We report the first infrared proper motion measurements of the HerbigHaro objects in OMC-1 using a 4-yr time baseline. The [Fe  ii ]-emitting bullets are moving of the order of 0.08 arcsec per year, or at about 170 km s¹. The direction of motion is similar to that inferred from their morphology. The proper motions of H₂-emitting wakes behind the [Fe  ii ] bullets, and of newly found H₂ bullets, are also measured. H₂ bullets have smaller proper motion than [Fe  ii ] bullets, while H₂ wakes with leading [Fe  ii ] bullets appear to move at similar speeds to their associated bullets. A few instances of variability in the emission can be attributed to dense, stationary clumps in the ambient cloud being overrun, setting up a reverse-oriented bullet. Differential motion between [Fe  ii ] bullets and their trailing H₂ wakes is not observed, suggesting that these are not separating, and also that they have reached a steady-state configuration over at least 100 yr. The most distant bullets have, on average, larger proper motions, but are not consistent with free expansion. Nevertheless, an impulsive, or short-lived (<<1000 yr), duration for their origin seems likely.  相似文献   

Observations of a curving molecular outflow from V380 Ori-NE: further support for prompt entrainment in protostellar outflows     

C. J. Davis  W. R. F. Dent  H. E. Matthews  I. M. Coulson  M. J. McCaughrean 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,318(3):952-960

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On the identification of the C₆₀⁺ interstellar features     

G. A. Galazutdinov  J. Kreowski  F. A. Musaev  P. Ehrenfreund  B. H. Foing 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,317(4):750-758

The identity of the carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) is one of the most fascinating puzzles of modern spectroscopy. Over the last few years the number of known DIBs has grown substantially. In this paper we discuss the two recently discovered near-infrared weak interstellar features which have already been proposed as fingerprints of the buckminsterfullerene We present and discuss measurements of the two related DIBs within a larger sample of reddened targets, observed with different spectrometers, telescopes and site conditions. We provide additional arguments in favour of the interstellar origin of the two bands. We find evidence around the 9577-Å DIB of far-wing structures, which may affect broad-band measurements. We estimate corrections and errors for telluric and stellar blends, and show that the cores of the two DIBs are well correlated with a ratio near unity within 20 per cent. Finally, we discuss their relation to the laboratory spectra of and the search for two expected weaker transitions.  相似文献   

平面应变状态下岩石剪切带网络数值模拟研究   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

王学滨  潘一山  丁秀丽  盛谦 《岩土力学》2002,23(6):717-720

研究了围压、端面约束、试件高度及界面特性对剪切带网络形成的影响。首先对影响剪切带网络形成的因素（包括试件高度、围压及温度、试件端部轴向应变大小的计算方法的差异）进行了分析。之后采用FLAC 3D对平面剪切带网络进行了数值模拟,其中摩擦角及内聚力为应变软化。探讨了倾向于出现剪切带网络的若干条件。若端面缚束较强且存在一定的侧压力,试件中部出现多重剪切带。若端面缚束较弱,试件端部易于形成剪切带网络,且随试件高度的增加剪切带条数增加。界面法向和切向刚度越大,剪切带穿越断层并按其固有方向延伸能力越强,剪切带网络格局越明显。获得的数值结果可在实验中找到佐证,并且可以用来解释地震中的一些剪切应变局部化现象。  相似文献   

融合Sentinel-2红边波段和Sentinel-1雷达波段影像的扎龙湿地信息提取     

常文涛  王浩  宁晓刚  张翰超 《湿地科学》2020,18(1):10-19

以黑龙江流域中的扎龙湿地及其上游区域为研究区,将Sentinel-2红边波段和Sentinel-1雷达波段影像数据相结合,根据面向对象原理,采用随机森林算法,对研究区的湿地进行遥感分类和信息提取;利用3种特征变量集,进行实验对比,研究红边波段反射率和雷达后向散射系数对湿地信息提取的作用。研究结果表明,红边波段反射率和雷达后向散射系数对土地覆盖分类精度的提高起到了重要作用,两者结合得到的分类结果的总体精度达到了88.72%,Kappa系数为0.87,其中,水体、水田和沼泽的用户精度分别为100%、98.18%和91.37%。利用红边波段和雷达波段影像数据,分别使土地覆盖分类总体精度提高了5.26%和2.51%,红边波段影像数据对沼泽提取精度的提高贡献最大,使生产者精度提高了12.5%。  相似文献   

植物叶片生化组分遥感反演的波段选择     

马维维  张连蓬  马向华  陈士城  郭洋洋 《测绘学院学报》2011,(3)

遥感模型PROSPECT可以反演植物叶片生化组分,不同的波段组合将会导致不同的反演结果。提出了一种带约束波段相关性最小原则的波段选择算法,并用模拟数据和实测数据对所选波段的效果进行了验证。结果表明:对于模拟数据,反演准确率超过99%;对于实测数据,叶绿素和水分的反演精度稍有提高,干物质的反演精度提高较明显。  相似文献   

An Algorithm for Detecting Ice Cloud at Different Altitudes by Combining Dual CrIS Full Spectrum Resolution CO2 Channels     

王立稳  郑有飞  田淼  徐静馨 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2020,26(3):300-310

Using infrared sensors to detect ice clouds in different atmospheric layers is still a challenge. The different scattering and absorption properties of longwave and shortwave infrared channels can be utilized to fulfill this purpose.In this study, the release of Suomi-NPP Cross-track Infrared Sounder(Cr IS) full spectrum resolution is used to select and pair channels from longwave(～ 15 μm) and shortwave(～4.3 μm) CO_2 absorption bands under stricter conditions, so as to better detect ice clouds. Besides, the differences of the weighting function peaks and cloud insensitive level altitudes of the paired channels are both within 50 h Pa so that the variances due to atmospheric conditions can be minimized. The training data of clear sky are determined by Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS) cloud mask product and used to find the linear relationship between the paired longwave and shortwave CO_2 absorption channels. From the linear relationship, the so-called cloud emission and scattering index(CESI) is derived to detect ice clouds. CESI clearly captures the center and the ice cloud features of the Super Typhoon Hato located above 415 h Pa. Moreover, the CESI distributions agree with cloud top pressure from the VIIRS in both daytime and nighttime in different atmospheric layers.  相似文献   

The influence of the brightness of the asteroidal dust bands on the gegenschein     

Tadashi Mukai  Masanori Fujino  Ryosuke Nakamura  Fumihiko Usui 《Icarus》2003,162(2):337-343

The position and shape of the Gegenschein’s maximum brightness provide information on the structure of the interplanetary dust cloud. We show that the asteroidal dust bands, extended near the anti-solar point, play an important role in determining both the position of the maximum brightness and the shape of the Gegenschein. After removing the asteroidal dust bands from an observation of the Gegenschein on November 2, 1997, it was found that the maximum brightness point shifted −0.4° in ecliptic latitude, i.e., to the south of the ecliptic plane, at an ecliptic longitude of 180°, in contrast to a latitude value of +0.1° when the dust bands were included. Furthermore, the part of the Gegenschein to the south of the ecliptic plane was brighter than the northern part at the time of observation. Referring to the cloud model of T. Kelsall et al. (1998, Astrophy. J. 508, 44-73), it can be estimated that the ascending node of the symmetry plane of the dust cloud is 57°^−3°_+7° when its inclination is 2.03° ? 0.50°.  相似文献   

Anatomy of the Herbig–Haro object HH7 bow shock     

Michael D. Smith  Tigran Khanzadyan  Christopher J. Davis 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,339(2):524-536

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