福建省高速公路沿线雷电活动特征分析     

郑君亮  刘隽  应达 《气象科技》2021,49(2):278-283

为了揭示福建省高速公路沿线雷电活动特征,做好高速公路机电设施的防雷工作,本文利用2015—2018年福建省三维闪电监测数据以及福建省高速公路路网资料进行统计分析。分析了高速公路沿线地闪的月、日活动特征,得出地闪活动主要分布在5—9月和14:00—18:00。根据高速公路沿线地闪密度绘制雷电活动等级分布图,结果表明高速公路的少雷区、中雷区、多雷区、强雷区路段占比分别为5.19%、12.65%、63.03%、19.13%。基于雷电流幅值和雷电陡度绘制雷电强度等级分布图,结果表明89.87%的路段处于雷电强度等级为三级的区域。最后,统计了高速公路沿线雷电流幅值累积概率分布并分析其拟合函数,拟合结果表明福建省高速公路沿线雷电流幅值累积概率分布符合IEEE标准推荐的函数形式。  相似文献   

浙江省地闪特征及致灾危险性分析     

顾媛  张卫斌  崔雪东 《气象科技》2021,49(4):654-661

基于2007—2018年浙江省ADTD闪电监测资料,分析该区域地闪时空分布特征,进而选用地闪密度和强度作为致灾要素,进行致灾危险性评估。结果表明:落雷日数和正地闪比例的年际变化均呈增长趋势,全年地闪集中发生于6—9月的12:00—20:00。春季正地闪比例高,地闪多发于傍晚和夜间;夏季日地闪落雷面积广、密度极值高,午后雷暴占主导地位。地闪密度相对高值区随季节演变而自西向东移动,年平均地闪密度总体呈浙中多南北少的特征。雷电流幅值主要分布于15～45kA,地闪强度平均值在舟山最高(44.49kA),台州最低(32.69kA),地闪密度和强度的空间分布特征各异。致灾危险性极高等级在浙东沿海一带和杭州—绍兴交界呈片状分布,另在温州西北部、浙中和浙西地区呈絮状分布,致灾危险性与历史雷灾个数、人员伤亡总数的空间分布总体一致。  相似文献   

基于多源监测数据的雷电预警方法     

赵伟  陆韬  张祎  李颖  周象贤 《气象科技》2020,48(3):438-442

以浙江省气象台已经业务运行多年的基于雷达数据的雷电预警产品(预警时效为60min,分辨率为1km×1km,4个预警等级)为基础,融合闪电定位系统数据和大气电场数据,提出一种基于多源监测数据的雷电预警方法。使用2018年的观测数据进行预警效果检验,结果表明:雷电预警的漏报率为31.89%,空报率为30.54%,临界成功指数为60.53%,比使用单一监测数据的雷电预警效果有所提高。由此可见,该雷电预警方法对浙江省雷电天气的预警具有参考价值和指示意义。  相似文献   

河北省雷电灾害事件特征分析     

彭相瑜  陈笑娟  陈小雷  张静 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(4):100-104

为了解河北省雷电灾害事件的时空分布、行业分布、经济损失及人员伤亡等,对2006—2017年(不包括2013、2016年)河北省雷电灾害事件资料进行统计分析。结果表明:河北省近10 a雷电灾害事件呈逐年波动递减的趋势,主要发生在6—8月,占全年雷电灾害事件总数的81.34%,唐山、保定和石家庄市为雷电灾害事件的高发区。雷电灾害事件最为严重的是电力行业达382起,人员伤亡事故主要发生在乡村。  相似文献   

地闪连续电流特征的统计分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

张翠华  张义军  张广庶  王才伟 《高原气象》2000,19(3):371-378

利用高时间分辨的闪电电场变化资料,统计分析了我国甘肃和广东地区闪连续电流特征。结果表明：在甘肃中川地区１０３产次地闪中,带有连续电流的地闪有４９．５％,连续电流的平均持续时间为８８．９ｍｓ;在广东地区的９８次地闪中有连续电流的地闪占５２％,连续电流的平均持续时间为１５８．２ｍｓ。在这两个地区,带有连续电流最多的是有２次或３次回击的地闪,连续电流的持续时间与产生它的回击和前一回击之间的时间间隔△Ｔ呈  相似文献   

Azimuthal resistivity soundings over a steeply dipping anisotropic formation: A case history in central Tunisia     

M. Schmutz  P. Andrieux  A. Bobachev  J.P. Montoroi  S. Nasri   《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,60(3-4):213-224

Azimuthal Resistivity Soundings (ARS), using the so-called “Arrow-type array” as proposed by Bolshakov et al. were carried out in Central Tunisia, together with azimuthal resistivity tomography, because of the known anisotropic behaviour of the nearly vertical formations.First, the developments designed by Bolshakov et al. are reviewed: they deal with the separation between the effects of anisotropy and of heterogeneities, the design of the Arrow-type array and the introduction of the azimuthal spectral analysis.Second, the main methodological results obtained near Gouazine Lake are presented: (1) the clear effect of a quasi-vertical contact and (2) the characterisation of the anisotropic substratum below a thin superficial layer in one site close to the axis of the valley: the strike direction (α = 50°N), and a rather high anisotropy coefficient (λ ≈ 4) are determined.And lastly two directions for further developments are suggested.  相似文献   

北京强雷暴的地闪活动与雷达回波和降水的关系   总被引：37，自引：3，他引：37  

李建华  郭学良  肖稳安 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(2):228-234

对2000-2001年发生在北京地区的8次天气过程进行了闪电与降水特征的统计分析，并针对两类典型暴雨和冰雹天气进行了详细的雷达、闪电特征分析。结果表明：降雨和降雹天气的地闪特性具有明显差异。降雹天气的正闪比例较大，特别在降雹前正闪频数增加剧烈。闪电通常发生在45dBZ以上的回波区，比目前“闪电在中纬度通常发生在30～45dBZ”等其他一些研究结果偏高。  相似文献   

Electrification of volcanic plumes     

T. A. Mather  R. G. Harrison 《Surveys in Geophysics》2006,27(4):387-432

Volcanic lightning, perhaps the most spectacular consequence of the electrification of volcanic plumes, has been implicated in the origin of life on Earth, and may also exist in other planetary atmospheres. Recent years have seen volcanic lightning detection used as part of a portfolio of developing techniques to monitor volcanic eruptions. Remote sensing measurement techniques have been used to monitor volcanic lightning, but surface observations of the atmospheric electric Potential Gradient (PG) and the charge carried on volcanic ash also show that many volcanic plumes, whilst not sufficiently electrified to produce lightning, have detectable electrification exceeding that of their surrounding environment. Electrification has only been observed associated with ash-rich explosive plumes, but there is little evidence that the composition of the ash is critical to its occurrence. Different conceptual theories for charge generation and separation in volcanic plumes have been developed to explain the disparate observations obtained, but the ash fragmentation mechanism appears to be a key parameter. It is unclear which mechanisms or combinations of electrification mechanisms dominate in different circumstances. Electrostatic forces play an important role in modulating the dry fall-out of ash from a volcanic plume. Beyond the local electrification of plumes, the higher stratospheric particle concentrations following a large explosive eruption may affect the global atmospheric electrical circuit. It is possible that this might present another, if minor, way by which large volcanic eruptions affect global climate. The direct hazard of volcanic lightning to communities is generally low compared to other aspects of volcanic activity.  相似文献   

Atmospheric Electrification in the Solar System     

Karen L. Aplin 《Surveys in Geophysics》2006,27(1):63-108

Atmospheric electrification is not a purely terrestrial phenomenon: all Solar System planetary atmospheres become slightly electrified by cosmic ray ionisation. There is evidence for lightning on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and it is possible on Mars, Venus and Titan. Controversy surrounds the role of atmospheric electricity in physical climate processes on Earth; here, a comparative approach is employed to review the role of electrification in the atmospheres of other planets and their moons. This paper reviews the theory, and, where available, measurements, of planetary atmospheric electricity which is taken to include ion production and ion–aerosol interactions. The conditions necessary for a planetary atmospheric electric circuit similar to Earth’s, and the likelihood of meeting these conditions in other planetary atmospheres, are briefly discussed. Atmospheric electrification could be important throughout the solar system, particularly at the outer planets which receive little solar radiation, increasing the relative significance of electrical forces. Nucleation onto atmospheric ions has been predicted to affect the evolution and lifetime of haze layers on Titan, Neptune and Triton. Atmospheric electrical processes on Titan, before the arrival of the Huygens probe, are summarised. For planets closer to Earth, heating from solar radiation dominates atmospheric circulations. However, Mars may have a global circuit analogous to the terrestrial model, but based on electrical discharges from dust storms. There is an increasing need for direct measurements of planetary atmospheric electrification, in particular on Mars, to assess the risk for future unmanned and manned missions. Theoretical understanding could be increased by cross-disciplinary work to modify and update models and parameterisations initially developed for a specific atmosphere, to make them more broadly applicable to other planetary atmospheres.  相似文献   

Some observations of bipolar flashes during summer thunderstorms near Warsaw     

Piotr Barański  Paweł Bodzak 《Acta Geophysica》2006,54(1):71-89

Lightning discharges monitored by the SAFIR network system in Poland have been additionally identified over the 100×100 km area near Warsaw by single-point independent recordings of electric field and Maxwell current rapid changes. The data collected in summer thunderstorm days of 2002 showed some untypical properties of the lightning discharges which are rarely observed. Especially remarkable was a number of ground multi-stroke flashes with the return strokes (RS) which transported to the earth charges of opposite signs. Bipolar flashes (BF) of this kind were mostly involved in the events in which the nearby intracloud (ic) and cloud-to-ground (c-g) discharges were very closely associated in time. Events of such a close collocation of two different types of lightning discharges, previously called the complex lightning discharge events (CLDE), were quite often observed during summer thunderstorms in Poland. The events of this kind, i.e. 8 flashes, identified by the SAFIR detection system as BF’s present the multiple stroke flashes of the mean horizontal separation distance between striking points of particular RS equal to (2.8 ± 2.1) km and of the mean time interval between strokes of (46.8 ± 74.4) ms. The time separation between the observed BF and the adjacent ic flashes was from 0.1 to 335 ms, and horizontal separation distance between them ranged from 1.8 to 14.5 km. The multiplicity of the recorded BF’s ranged from 2 to 4 strokes. Four of these BF’s followed the ic discharge, but the other three preceded the ic and one was alone with no close ic.  相似文献