Food-web traits of the North Aegean Sea ecosystem (Eastern Mediterranean) and comparison with other Mediterranean ecosystems     

K. Tsagarakis  M. Coll  M. Giannoulaki  S. Somarakis  C. Papaconstantinou  A. Machias 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

A mass-balance trophic model was built to describe the food-web traits of the North Aegean Sea (Strymonikos Gulf and Thracian Sea, Greece, Eastern Mediterranean) during the mid-2000s and to explore the impacts of fishing. This is the first food-web model representing the Aegean Sea, and results were presented and discussed in comparison to other previous ecosystems modelled from the western and the central areas of the basin (South Catalan and North-Central Adriatic Seas).  相似文献   

东营凹陷民丰地区沙四段下亚段油气成藏过程研究     

周肖肖  隋风贵  王学军  李宇志 《地质论评》2023,69(Z1):316-318

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基于CloudSat、FY-2E资料的中国海域及周边地区深对流和穿透性对流特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨冰韵  吴晓京  王曦 《气象学报》2019,77(2):256-267

深对流在地-气系统的物质和能量交换中起着至关重要的作用,伴随而来的暴雨、雷电、冰雹等天气会对人类社会产生影响。利用CloudSat/CALIPSO和FY-2E卫星观测数据,研究了中国海域及周边地区非穿透性对流（DCwo）及穿透性对流（CO）的海-陆分布、云顶红外亮温和云团特征（包括对流系统（CS）和对流单体（CC）的面积、活跃性对流比、偏心率、最低亮温、平均亮温梯度）。结果发现:穿透性对流比非穿透性对流的云顶红外亮温更低,垂直高度上的雷达反射率更高;从发生次数来看,非穿透性对流/穿透性对流在海洋比陆地多,低纬度比高纬度多,夏季比其他季节多,冬季海陆差异最大;从云顶亮温的分布来看,海洋比陆地、穿透性对流比非穿透性对流集中分布区间的亮温值更低,穿透性对流的分布区间比非穿透性对流集中;从云团特征来看,对流系统/对流单体的发生频率随面积的增大而降低,穿透性对流比非穿透性对流、海洋比陆地更容易出现较大面积的对流系统/对流单体,海洋穿透性对流的活跃性对流比相对较高;偏心率在0.5以上的发生频率较高,对流系统形状更偏向于圆形,在海洋上更加明显;穿透性对流在海陆上的最低亮温集中分布区间为190-195 K,比非穿透性对流的分布更集中,平均亮温梯度在0.1 K/km以下的发生频率较高。   相似文献   

Sunlight and tidal interaction as a mechanism of carbon transport in an ice-covered region: Results of a coupled ice–ocean ecosystem model     

Yoshiki Nishi  Shigeru Tabeta 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

In order to clarify the mechanism of carbon transport in an ice-covered ecosystem in Lake Saroma (44^°N${44}^{°}\mathrm{N}$, 143^°E${143}^{°}\mathrm{<font\; color="red">E</font>}$, Hokkaido, Japan), a three-dimensional numerical calculation using a coupled ice–ocean ecosystem model was conducted. This model comprises an ocean ecosystem model, an ice ecosystem model, and equations for the coupling between ice and ocean. Comparisons of calculated results with observational data confirm that the calculation well reproduced the in situ phenomena with respect to tides, tidal currents, concentrations of POC and chlorophyll a in ice and in water, and sinking fluxes beneath the ice. The analysis of the organic carbon budget based on the calculation reveals that tide-induced transport, the enhancement of biological production in a pelagic system, and the physical release of organic matter from ice associated with ice-melting are important factors affecting the carbon transport during the ice-melting season. The carbon transport has a one-day time cycle. This is because principal driving forces are sunlight, and diurnal tides. The described mechanism of “sunlight and tidal pumping” is one of the most important features of carbon transport in a coupled ice–water ecosystem.  相似文献   

Equilibrium trading of climate and weather risk and numerical simulation in a Markovian framework   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Sébastien Chaumont  Peter Imkeller  Matthias Müller 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,20(3):184-205

We consider financial markets with agents exposed to external sources of risk caused, for example, by short-term climate events such as the South Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies widely known by the name El Nino. Since such risks cannot be hedged through investments on the capital market alone, we face a typical example of an incomplete financial market. In order to make this risk tradable, we use a financial market model in which an additional insurance asset provides another possibility of investment besides the usual capital market. Given one of the many possible market prices of risk, each agent can maximize his individual exponential utility from his income obtained from trading in the capital market, the additional security, and his risk-exposure function. Under the equilibrium market-clearing condition for the insurance security the market price of risk is uniquely determined by a backward stochastic differential equation. We translate these stochastic equations via the Feynman–Kac formalism into semi-linear parabolic partial differential equations. Numerical schemes are available by which these semilinear pde can be simulated. We choose two simple qualitatively interesting models to describe sea surface temperature, and with an ENSO risk exposed fisher and farmer and a climate risk neutral bank three model agents with simple risk exposure functions. By simulating the expected appreciation price of risk trading, the optimal utility of the agents as a function of temperature, and their optimal investment into the risk trading security we obtain first insight into the dynamics of such a market in simple situations.

Peter ImkellerEmail:

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义乌市降水变化特征分析     

冯利华  赵贤产  毛樟林  华云峰  朱跃娟  朱持则  张行才  骆高远 《辽宁气象》2008,24(1):1-4

根据历史和实测资料的统计分析,得到义乌市的降水变化特征。结果表明：丰水期义乌市的涝年偏多,旱年偏少,而枯水期则旱年偏多,涝年偏少。厄尔尼诺事件的当年或翌年,义乌市的降水显著偏多,而拉尼娜事件的当年或翌年,义乌市的降水则显著偏少。丰水期平均入梅日偏早,平均出梅日偏晚,平均梅雨日数偏长,平均梅雨量偏多,而在枯水期则反之。义乌市6月6—15日入梅的可能性最大,出梅日期的时间分布相对比较分散,其集中期的发生规律不如入梅集中期明显。厄尔尼诺事件的当年或翌年,义乌市的出梅日偏晚,而拉尼娜事件的当年或翌年,义乌市的出梅日偏早。研究结果可为水库源区雨季的人工增雨作业提供科学依据。  相似文献   

热带太平洋地区风场异常和与El Ni?o有关的年际变化     

薛洪斌  张铭  王业桂 《气候与环境研究》2006,11(4):457-469

利用1964～1993年NCEP/NCAR再分析风应力资料和中国科学院大气物理研究所发展的14层热带太平洋环流模式(OGCM),对热带太平洋与El Ni?o有关的年际变化进行了研究.首先,分析了西太平洋暖池次表层海温异常(SOTA)与Ni?o3区海表温度异常(SSTA)的年际变化关系,发现在El Ni?o事件之前,暖池的次表层海温都有明显正异常出现,它的东传导致了El Ni?o的发生,并且SOTA的传播随纬度变化,沿赤道东传,在赤道外西传.然后,选取了20世纪70年代和80年代两次最强的El Ni?o事件讨论了引起这种机制的可能原因--西风异常的作用.最后,对1964～1993所有的El Ni?o年的风场、次表层海温和海表温度的异常进行了综合分析.  相似文献   

北京首都国际机场暖切初雷天气的特征分析     

柳贵钧  王飞  付强  沈晗  纪鹏飞 《气候与环境研究》2015,20(5):571-580

针对近两年北京首都国际机场的两次暖切初雷进行研究,总结预报经验,探讨预报的可行性,结果表明:1)两次暖切初雷中,500 h Pa高度层均有浅槽存在,且500 h Pa高度层的正涡度区到达本场附近的时间与雷雨发生时间一致,同时低层有较强的辐合抬升;2)从雷达图像来看,两次雷雨发生时,本场附近均存在明显的速度辐合,雷雨回波为局地生成;3)相当黑体温度(Black Body Temperature,TBB)越低,对流越旺盛,所以TBB等值线图可以用来推断对流的发展趋势;4)在雷雨发生时段,基于风云2号气象卫星的雷暴云指数值介于0~0.5之间,雷暴云指数的变化趋势可以较准确表征雷雨发生的时间。  相似文献   

Comparison of AnnAGNPS and SWAT model simulation results in USDA‐CEAP agricultural watersheds in south‐central Kansas     

Prem B. Parajuli  Nathan O. Nelson  Lyle D. Frees  Kyle R. Mankin 《水文研究》2009,23(5):748-763

This study was conducted under the USDA‐Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) in the Cheney Lake watershed in south‐central Kansas. The Cheney Lake watershed has been identified as ‘impaired waters’ under Section 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act for sediments and total phosphorus. The USDA‐CEAP seeks to quantify environmental benefits of conservation programmes on water quality by monitoring and modelling. Two of the most widely used USDA watershed‐scale models are Annualized AGricultural Non‐Point Source (AnnAGNPS) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The objectives of this study were to compare hydrology, sediment, and total phosphorus simulation results from AnnAGNPS and SWAT in separate calibration and validation watersheds. Models were calibrated in Red Rock Creek watershed and validated in Goose Creek watershed, both sub‐watersheds of the Cheney Lake watershed. Forty‐five months (January 1997 to September 2000) of monthly measured flow and water quality data were used to evaluate the two models. Both models generally provided from fair to very good correlation and model efficiency for simulating surface runoff and sediment yield during calibration and validation (correlation coefficient; R², from 0·50 to 0·89, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency index, E, from 0·47 to 0·73, root mean square error, RMSE, from 0·25 to 0·45 m³ s^?1 for flow, from 158 to 312 Mg for sediment yield). Total phosphorus predictions from calibration and validation of SWAT indicated good correlation and model efficiency (R² from 0·60 to 0·70, E from 0·63 to 0·68) while total phosphorus predictions from validation of AnnAGNPS were from unsatisfactory to very good (R² from 0·60 to 0·77, E from ? 2·38 to 0·32). The root mean square error–observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) was estimated as excellent (from 0·08 to 0·25) for the all model simulated parameters during the calibration and validation study. The percentage bias (PBIAS) of the model simulated parameters varied from unsatisfactory to excellent (from 128 to 3). This study determined SWAT to be the most appropriate model for this watershed based on calibration and validation results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Modelling large-scale effects of estuarine and morphodynamic gradients on distribution and abundance of the sandy beach isopod Excirolana armata     

Juan Pablo Lozoya  Julio Gómez  Omar Defeo 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

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