Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents     

Kristen M. Reifel  Scott C. Johnson  Paul M. DiGiacomo  Michael J. Mengel  Nikolay P. Nezlin  Jonathan A. Warrick  Burton H. Jones 《Continental Shelf Research》2009,29(15):1821-1835

The effects from two winter rain storms on the coastal ocean of the Southern California Bight were examined as part of the Bight ‘03 program during February 2004 and February–March 2005. The impacts of stormwater from fecal indicator bacteria, water column toxicity, and nutrients were evaluated for five major river discharges: the Santa Clara River, Ballona Creek, the San Pedro Shelf (including the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana Rivers), the San Diego River, and the Tijuana River. Exceedances of bacterial standards were observed in most of the systems. However, the areas of impact were generally spatially limited, and contaminant concentrations decreased below California Ocean Plan standards typically within 2–3 days. The largest bacterial concentrations occurred in the Tijuana River system where exceedances of fecal indicator bacteria were noted well away from the river mouth. Maximum nitrate concentrations (~40 μM) occurred in the San Pedro Shelf region near the mouth of the Los Angeles River. Based on the results of general linear models, individual sources of stormwater differ in both nutrient concentrations and the concentration and composition of fecal indicator bacteria. While nutrients appeared to decrease in plume waters due to simple mixing and dilution, the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria in plumes depends on more than loading and dilution rates. The relationships between contaminants (nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria) and plume indicators (salinity and total suspended solids) were not strong indicating the presence of other potentially important sources and/or sinks of both nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria. California Ocean Plan standards were often exceeded in waters containing greater than 10% stormwater (<28–30 salinity range). The median concentration dropped below the standard in the 32–33 salinity range (1–4% stormwater) for total coliforms and Enterococcus spp. and in the 28–30 salinity range (10–16% stormwater) for fecal coliforms. Nutrients showed a similar pattern with the highest median concentrations in water with greater than 10% stormwater. Relationships between colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and salinity and between total suspended solids and beam attenuation indicate that readily measurable, optically active variables can be used as proxies to provide at least a qualitative, if not quantitative, evaluation of the distribution of the dissolved, as well as the particulate, components of stormwater plumes. In this context, both CDOM absorption and the beam attenuation coefficient can be derived from satellite ocean color measurements of inherent optical properties suggesting that remote sensing of ocean color should be useful in mapping the spatial areas and durations of impacts from these contaminants.  相似文献   

Oceanographic and meteorological forcing of the pelagic ecosystem on the Gulf of Cadiz shelf (SW Iberian Peninsula)     

L. Prieto  G. Navarro  S. Rodríguez-Gálvez  I.E. Huertas  J.M. Naranjo  J. Ruiz 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

The spatial and temporal distribution of physical, chemical and biological variables of the NE continental shelf of the Gulf of Cadiz were analyzed monthly during almost three annual cycles. This analysis was performed with the aim of deriving the main forcing factors controlling variability at inter-annual, seasonal and short-time scales. Meteorological forcing related to heavy episodes of rainfall that affected river discharges and the wind regime, controlled both the currents along the shelf together and the nutrient concentrations of the surface waters. Meteorological forcing in turn determined the subsequent development and maintenance of phytoplankton blooms. Superimposed on the seasonal cycle typical of temperate latitudes, the inputs of continental nutrients mainly from the Guadalquivir River, along with episodes of upwelling favored by the predominance of westerly winds triggered phytoplankton growth on the shelf, highlighting the markedly relevant role of this large estuary in the control of the biological activity on the shelf.  相似文献   

Mechanical decoupling and thermal structure at the East Pacific Rise axis 9°N: Constraints from axial magma chamber geometry and seafloor structures     

Violaine Combier  Satish C. Singh  Mathilde Cannat  Javier Escartin   《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):19-28

We study the relationships between the seafloor structures and the axial magma chamber geometry in the 9°N overlapping spreading center (OSC) area on the fast spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR). Our observations are based on a new high resolution bathymetric map of the 9°N OSC area derived from picks of the seafloor arrival on 3D seismic data, and on previously published data that constrain the presence and distribution of melt below the 9°N OSC. Differences in the orientation of structures between the seafloor and the magma chamber indicate a sharp change in principal stress directions with depth, suggesting that the brittle crust above the melt sill is decoupled from the melt sill itself and the ductile crust underlying it. The stress-field within the brittle upper crust results from a local interaction of the two overlapping spreading centers, whereas the stress-field in the crust below the melt sill corresponds to the regional stress-field imposed by plate separation. Given this mechanical structure of the crust, the melt sill shape and location appear to be controlled by the following factors: the location of the deep melt source below the melt sill, the ambient stress-field at the depth of the melt sill, and the stress-field in the brittle upper crust above the melt sill, which thermally shapes the roof of the melt sill through repeated eruptions.  相似文献   

Foreign direct investment with Chinese characteristics: A middle path between Ownership-Location-Internalization model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning model   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

SI Yuefang  Ingo LIEFNER  WANG Tao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(5):594-606

The majority of multinational enterprises(MNEs) traditionally originate from developed countries.In the last ten years,however,there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment(FDI) from China.It is a comparatively new phenomenon that challenges the classic FDI theories.In this paper,we review the pros and cons of two important theories,known as the Ownership-Location-Internalization(OLI) model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning(LLL) model,and use the statistical data and company case studies from China to test the plausibility of these two models.We believe that neither of them suits totally: the OLI model is quite useful for understanding FDI from China to developing economies,while the LLL model is more powerful for explaining the FDI to developed economies.We argue that the companies from China attain a very advantageous position as intermediates in the global economy.They may catch up with the first movers if they integrate OLI-led and LLL-led FDI within one firm.This combination can bring together the most advanced knowledge acquired in developed economies with the knowledge about adaptation needs and the needs for cost reduction in production as expressed in developing economies.It may also accelerate the knowledge transfer globally.We thus fill a gap in research into the geographical pattern of Chinese FDI and offer a deeper understanding of the internationalization of Chinese MNEs and revolving knowledge transfer.  相似文献   

汶川8.0级地震前龙门山断裂带孕震构造运动特征分析?     

平建军  江在森  冯向东  平彩鹏  单连君  王夏 《中国地震研究》2014,(3):299-310

On the basis of elastic rebound theory, using the horizontal velocity field of the Chinese mainland calculated from GPS data during three observation periods from 1999 to 2007, the velocity components that are parallel and plumb to the fault zone are calculated respectively for different periods, and then relative ground movements of two sides of the fault zone are analyzed with power function fitting and graphics. The results show that the relative ground movement shows right-lateral shear deformation before the Wenchuan Ms8. 0 earthquake, and at the same time the movement was hindered by the Longmenshan fault zone. Thus, this result has positive significance for distinguishing the elastic strain energy accumulation and deformation anomaly in an earthquake preparation process, and for conducting further research on earthquake prediction.  相似文献   

芦山7.0级地震长波辐射异常分析     

戴勇  高立新  王树波  赵铁锁 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,(1):27-29

分析2013年2-5月芦山地震震中区域长波辐射涡度场空间演化特征,结果显示,在芦山7．0级地震前存在涡度场明显增强的异常现象,2009-2013年同期并未出现。这一震例再次证明,在部分大震前OLR存在异常增强的变化。  相似文献   

拓扑分子格中ST_(-1)、ST_0及ST_1的分离性     

冯玉英  周伟灿 《南京气象学院学报》2000,(4)

在拓扑分子格中进一步讨论了 ST-1 的性质 ,引进了 ST0 、ST1 分离性概念 ,并研究了其相应的性质。  相似文献   

东营市1999年春夏连旱的成因分析     

侯淑梅孙忠欣  孙秀忠 《海岸工程》2000,19(2):82-85

对1999年东营市春夏连旱的成因进行了分析。结果表明,1999年入侵本市的冷空气异常偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压较常年强度偏弱,位置偏东以及1998年秋冬季节持续降水偏少是造成1999年春夏连旱的主要原因。同时,黄河断流,客水减少对旱情起到推波助澜的作用。气象局及时、准确的预报服务,政府的措施得力,减轻了干旱造成的损失。  相似文献   

从西藏扎仓茶卡Ⅱ湖提取Li₂CO₃的简化工艺     

胡季平  陈德玲 《湖泊科学》1995,7(2):185-190

藏北高原恶劣的自然地理条件使扎仓茶－卡珍贵的锂资源的开发极为困难,必须采用尽可能简化的提取工艺才能降低成本,本文提出了一种经ＣａＯ,（ＮＨ４）２Ｃ２Ｏ４和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３三步沉积得到粗Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３的简化工艺,其产品纯度可达８５．６２％,总回收率约２０％,卤旦回收率约为７６％。  相似文献   

一秋龄性成熟中华绒螯蟹的生物学─2.生殖、越冬行为及脱壳的可能性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金刚  李钟杰 《湖泊科学》1999,11(2):172-176

本文对池塘育成的一秋龄成熟中华绒螯蟹生殖行为的观察表明,其具有生殖洄游习性,当年１０月是其活动高峰期,而湖泊放流育成的早熟河蟹其活动高峰在当年１０月及翌年３月,在湖泊淡水水体中少数个体有交配的行为,翌年３月份发现部分雌蟹的纳精囊内有精液。  相似文献