排序方式： 共有78条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
以漳河流域为研究区域,以CMORPH卫星-地面自动站-雷达三源降水融合数据和ERA5再分析降水资料为WRF-Hydro模式的输入,进行径流模拟,对比分析模拟径流与实测径流的差异,探讨基于两种降水数据的WRF-Hydro模式在漳河流域的径流模拟效果。结果表明:三源降水融合数据的径流模拟效果较优,纳什系数均达到0.7以上,模拟径流与实测径流过程吻合较好;采用三源降水融合数据和ERA5再分析降水资料率定WRF-Hydro模式,以ERA5再分析降水资料为输入,径流模拟结果都不佳;总体而言,三源降水融合数据与WRF-Hydro模式耦合能够较好地模拟漳河流域径流过程。 相似文献
42.
A high-resolution 43-year atmospheric hindcast for South America generated with the MPI regional model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Gabriel Silvestri Carolina Vera Daniela Jacob Susanne Pfeifer Claas Teichmann 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(5):693-709
An evaluation of the present-day climate in South America simulated by the MPI atmospheric limited area model, REMO, is made.
The model dataset was generated by dynamical downscaling from the ECMWF-ERA40 reanalysis and compared to in-situ observations.
The model is able to reproduce the low-level summer monsoon circulation but it has some deficiencies in representing the South
American Low-Level Jet structure. At upper levels, summer circulation features like the Bolivian High and the associated subtropical
jet are well simulated by the model. Sea-level pressure fields are in general well represented by REMO. The model exhibits
reasonable skill in representing the general features of the mean seasonal cycle of precipitation. Nevertheless, there is
a systematic overestimation of precipitation in both tropical and subtropical regions. Differences between observed and modeled
temperature are smaller than 1.5°C over most of the continent, excepting during spring when those differences are quite large.
Results also show that the dynamical downscaling performed using REMO introduces some enhancement of the global reanalysis
especially in temperature at the tropical regions during the warm season and in precipitation in both the subtropics and extratropics.
It is then concluded that REMO can be a useful tool for regional downscaling of global simulations of present and future climates. 相似文献
43.
为评估和对比GPM IMERG、ERA5降水数据在云南的适用性,利用2014年4月至2018年6月的地面气象观测数据、GPM IMERG卫星遥感降水产品和ERA5再分析降水数据,采用定量和分类评分7项指标评估GPM IMERG和ERA5日降水产品在云南的适用性。结果表明:2种数据存在小雨日雨量高估,中雨及以上量级雨日雨量低估的问题,ERA5数据更为突出,小雨日居多导致降水整体高估;GPM IMERG数据空、漏报并存,ERA5则高空报、低漏报严重;小雨日较多(较少)的区域2种数据易出现高漏报(空报);不同雨强区间GPM IMERG秋季降水数据精度最高,冬季存在低雨强低估,高雨强高估的不同表现;20mm/d以下中低雨强段上2种降水数据与地面站点数据误差较小,雨强变大,误差增大,雨强大于20mm/d时,2种数据随雨强增大与站点偏差差异更为显著;随坡度和起伏度增大2种降水数据精度呈变差趋势;多项指标评估表明GPM IMERG降水数据在云南具有更高精度。研究结果为应用和开展农业、水利、水文、气象等相关学科研究提供参考依据。 相似文献
44.
本文基于L波段探空雷达高垂直分辨率方位数据,通过在不同探空高度处选取不同尺度的时间窗口,设计了计算秒级风速的3种方案。通过比较3种计算方案得到的秒级风速与ERA-Interim再分析资料在平均偏差Bias和均方根误差RMSE等指标上的差异,给出了计算秒级风速的最优算法。结果表明:由于雷达的定位存在系统偏差,窗口选取过大或过小均会引入较大的秒级风速误差,选取适当尺度的时间窗口是准确计算秒级风速的必要条件。另外,基于ERA-Interim再分析资料具备良好的时空一致性,本文提出了1种检验L波段秒级风速算法优劣的新方案。 相似文献
45.
以欧洲中期天气预报中心的再分析资料ERA5为参考数据,评估由探空数据建立的中国区域88个单站大气加权平均温度（Tm）与地表气温（Ts）线性关系模型的精度.各站Tm-Ts线性模型计算的Tm（计算值）与ERA5 气压层数据积分所得的Tm（参考值）间偏差均方根值（RMSE）为1.8~5.5 K.不同站模型计算值与参考值间存在-1.22~4.54 K 的系统性偏差,且绝大多数测站（82个站）系统性偏差为正值,即模型计算值总体上大于参考值.补偿各站系统性偏差后,模型计算值与参考值间RMSE降为1.5~3.5 K.与使用中国区域统一模型相比,使用单站模型平均能提高0.6 K的Tm计算精度,尤其在中国西部、西北和内蒙区域,精度提高可达1~3.9 K.对所有测站模型计算值和参考值间偏差时序进行分析,发现超过半数测站的偏差存在明显季节性变化. 相似文献
46.
利用2015年7月至2016年5月寿县稻麦轮作农田区观测站地基多通道微波辐射计观测的高时间分辨率温度廓线资料,结合位温梯度法,计算了该站点的大气边界层高度,分析了边界层高度的日、月和季节演变规律。结果显示,晴朗天气情况下,边界层高度具备典型的日变化特征,随着地面温度的升高边界层高度不断增大。其最大平均值通常出现在午后,8月平均高度最高,超过1520m,1月最低,只有520m。而且边界层高度具有季节变化趋势,春季(3—5月)、夏季(6—8月)、秋季(9—11月)和冬季(12月至次年2月)平均高度分别为436m,499m,377m和322m。将边界层高度结果与FNL和ERA-Interim数据进行对比,发现在白天时间段(08:00—19:00)FNL和ERA-Interim比观测平均值分别高258m,346m,夜间时间段(19:00至次日08:00)比观测平均值分别低144m,102m。 相似文献
47.
Environmental effects monitoring (EEM) identifies, quantifies, and compares predicted environmental impacts of a proposed industrial project to those observed after the project has been developed. Several EEM program structures exist, while the structure used by Environment Canada to monitor impacts of the pulp and paper industry has proven to be effective. The aim of this study is to provoke discussion on the development of an effective and coordinated petroleum EEM program structure for the offshore of Nova Scotia, Canada. A structure that supports development of a national EEM program for the petroleum industry is then proposed. Advantages of a coordinated EEM program structure include: (1) reduced cost of the EEM; (2) fewer gaps and less overlapping of responsibilities; (3) fewer calculated risks to the marine environment; and (4) improved environmental safeguards. 相似文献
48.
高时空分辨率的气温栅格数据是多种地学模型和气候模型的重要输入。山区地形复杂,气温空间异质性强,如何获取高时空分辨率的山区地表气温数据一直是研究热点与难点。本文选择地形复杂的河北省张家口市作为试验区,基于局部薄盘样条函数对ERA5再分析日均近地表气温（2 m高度）进行空间插值,并利用随机森林算法,结合少量气象站观测气温数据、地形地表参数数据构建日均气温订正模型和气温逐时化模型,实现空间分辨率由0.1 °（约11 km）到30 m的逐时气温降尺度,最后将该模型拓展应用于其他时间与区域,检验本文发展的降尺度方法在没有站点观测数据条件下的时空移植性。结果显示,本文降尺度方法得到的高时空分辨率山区气温数据精度较高,1月均方根误差（RMSE）平均值为2.4 ℃,明显优于气象站点插值结果,且气温相对高低的空间分布更为合理、纹理更加丰富;将该方法应用到其他时间与区域的RMSE平均值分别为2.9 ℃与2.5 ℃,均小于再分析资料直接插值所产生的误差。研究结果总体表明,在气象站点较少甚至没有时,可利用本文方法通过ERA5再分析气温准确获取复杂地形条件下的山区高时空分辨率气温数据。 相似文献
49.
Parametric time‐domain identification of multiple‐input systems using decoupled output signals 
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下载免费PDF全文 Civil engineering structures are often subjected to multidirectional actions such as earthquake ground motion, which lead to complex structural responses. The contributions from the latter multidirectional actions to the response are highly coupled, leading to a MIMO system identification problem. Compared with single‐input, multiple‐output (SIMO) system identification, MIMO problems are more computationally complex and error prone. In this paper, a new system identification strategy is proposed for civil engineering structures with multiple inputs that induce strong coupling in the response. The proposed solution comprises converting the MIMO problem into separate SIMO problems, decoupling the outputs by extracting the contribution from the respective input signals to the outputs. To this end, a QR factorization‐based decoupling method is employed, and its performance is examined. Three factors, which affect the accuracy of the decoupling result, including memory length, input correlation, and system damping, are investigated. Additionally, a system identification method that combines the autoregressive model with exogenous input (ARX) and the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) is proposed. The associated extended modal amplitude coherence and modal phase collinearity are used to delineate the structural and noise modes in the fitted ARX model. The efficacy of the ARX‐ERA method is then demonstrated through identification of the modal properties of a highway overcrossing bridge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
50.
利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)再分析资料(ERA40)分析了最近几十年冬季北半球高纬地区的气候变化和冰-气相互作用特征。在全球增暖背景下,冬季北半球高纬地区增温幅度更大,但温度变化明显具有区域性特点。20世纪70年代末期开始,格陵兰海、巴伦支海及欧亚大陆大部分区域和北美大陆部分区域在增暖,而拉布拉多海、格陵兰和白令海峡区域却变冷。与此对应,中央北极区及气候冰岛低压中心海平面气压在降低,而再往南区域海平面气压在升高。从20世纪70年代开始,格陵兰海和巴伦支海给大气的感热通量和潜热通量增多,这说明由于气温增加,使得海冰密集度减小,海冰对海气感热通量和潜热通量交换的隔离层作用减小,通量交换大大增加。而在挪威海非海冰区,由于气温增加,海气温差减小,海洋给大气的感热通量和潜热通量减少。在拉布拉多海,由于气温降低,海气温差增大,使得海洋给大气的感热通量和潜热通量增加,有利于拉布拉多海海冰的增多。海平面气压、海冰密集度及表面感热通量和潜热通量之和对大气表面温度 EOF 展开第一模时间系数的线性回归结果均与各自的EOF 展开第一模空间分布特征接近。 相似文献