2000—2019年秦岭南北实际蒸散发时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李双双  张玉凤  张立伟  王婷  延军平 《地理科学进展》2021,40(11):1900-1910

基于遥感数据全面认识复杂地形单元实际蒸散发时空规律,对区域可持续水资源管理具有重要的意义。论文基于MODIS实际蒸散发(ET)数据,对2000—2019年秦岭南北ET时空变化特征进行分析,探究不同分区ET对植被变化的响应关系,进而识别ET趋势和年代变化的高相关海气环流因素。结果表明：① 在变化趋势上,以1000 m等高线为界,即秦岭地区北亚热带和山地暖温带的分界线,低海拔河谷地带为ET显著增加区,山地高海拔地区为ET下降区;② 除城市、乡镇周边地区,研究期间秦岭南北下垫面相对稳定,转为生态用地的活跃区主要分布在山地1000 m过渡带,其是ET与NDVI变化显著相关区,而1000 m以上高海拔地区两者相关性较低;③ ENSO、青藏高原北部气压异常,与秦岭山地、汉江谷地ET的趋势变化和年代波动显著相关,而西太平洋副热带高压与ET的趋势显著相关,与年代波动特征相关较弱。即发生中部型厄尔尼诺事件时,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,对流层低层形成异常反气旋,导致中国东部雨带北移,秦岭山地和汉江谷地降水偏少,气温偏高,ET往往偏大。研究结果启示：秦岭南北科学适应气候变化时,应关注秦岭山地、汉江谷地ET变化显著相关的环流信号;应深刻理解秦岭高海拔地区蒸散发下降趋势对区域水资源管理的影响。  相似文献   

Contrasting Regional Responses of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall to Exhausted Spring and Concurrently Emerging Summer El Ni?o Events     

E.K.KRISHNA KUMAR  S.ABHILASH  SANKAR SYAM  P.VIJAYKUMAR  K.R.SANTOSH  A.V.SREENATH 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):697-710

The inverse relationship between the warm phase of the El Ni?o Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall(ISMR) is well established. Yet, some El Ni?o events that occur in the early months of the year(boreal spring) transform into a neutral phase before the start of summer, whereas others begin in the boreal summer and persist in a positive phase throughout the summer monsoon season. This study investigates the distinct influences of an exhausted spring El Ni?o(springtime)...  相似文献   

中国东北地区冬季气温趋势及反相模态分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐迪  任保华  郑建秋  董祝雷  卢国阳 《气象科学》2017,37(1):127-133

利用1951—2010年我国东北地区共97个台站的逐月气温资料,应用trend-EOF和EOF分析方法研究了我国东北地区冬季气温的趋势模态和反相模态及其影响因子。trend-EOF的结果表明,东北地区均为一致型的趋势变化,trend-PC1有明显的年代际周期变化和更长期的上升趋势变化特征。去除全球变暖信号后的EOF分析结果表明:第一模态仍为全区一致型的空间分布,而第二模态的空间分布呈现南北反相型的分布特征,是东北冬季气温变化模态中极为重要的一部分,对应的时间序列有明显的年际周期变化,前两个模态可以解释总方差80%以上的变化。东北地区全区一致的上升趋势是在全球变暖大背景下发生的,既是对全球变暖的局地响应,同时全球变暖也使大气环流发生了变化,西伯利亚高压减弱,纬向环流增强,导致了东北地区冬季气温全区的上升趋势。赤道东太平洋的异常海温对第二模态的出现具有一定的预示意义,当太平洋出现典型的厄尔尼诺年海温距平场分布特征时,东北南部较常年偏暖,北部地区却较常年偏冷。  相似文献   

CMIP5模式中El Ni?o-EAWM关系的模拟对东亚冬季风模拟的影响     

尹依雯  郭品文  张攀全  沈沉 《气象科学》2017,37(2):205-212

本文利用统计学的方法,评估了17个参加第五次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)的海气耦合模式对东亚冬季风(EAWM)年际变化的模拟。结果表明:多数模式对东亚冬季风的年际变化有一定的模拟能力,其中对东亚大槽年际变化的模拟最好;模式对东亚冬季主要系统的年际变化在空间上的模拟好于强度,对强度的模拟以偏弱为主;通过综合评估得到模拟能力好的模式有:bcc-csm1-1,CCSM4,HadCM3,NorESM1-M。针对模式间对冬季风年际变化模拟能力差别较大的现象,选取了4个模拟能力最好的模式和5个最差的进行讨论;通过评估El Ni?o对东亚冬季环流的影响,发现模式对El Ni?o与EAWM之间相互关系(El Ni?o-EAWM)的模拟能力是模式间对冬季风年际变化模拟偏差较大的原因之一,即对El Ni?o-EAWM模拟好的模式对东亚冬季风年际变化的模拟也好。  相似文献   

Fire activity in Borneo driven by industrial land conversion and drought during El Niño periods, 1982–2010     

《Global Environmental Change》2017

Tropical rainforests, naturally resistant to fire when intact, are increasingly vulnerable to burning due to ongoing forest perturbation and, possibly, climatic changes. Industrial-scale forest degradation and conversion are increasing fire occurrence, and interactions with climate anomalies such as El Niño induced droughts can magnify the extent and severity of fire activity. The influences of these factors on fire frequency in tropical forests has not been widely studied at large spatio-temporal scales at which feedbacks between fire reoccurrence and forest degradation may develop. Linkages between fire activity, industrial land use, and El Niño rainfall deficits are acute in Borneo, where the greatest tropical fire events in recorded history have apparently occurred in recent decades. Here we investigate how fire frequency in Borneo has been influenced by industrial-scale agricultural development and logging during El Niño periods by integrating long-term satellite observations between 1982 and 2010 – a period encompassing the onset, development, and consolidation of its Borneo’s industrial forestry and agricultural operations as well as the full diversity of El Niño events. We record changes in fire frequency over this period by deriving the longest and most comprehensive spatio-temporal record of fire activity across Borneo using AVHRR Global Area Coverage (GAC) satellite data. Monthly fire frequency was derived from these data and modelled at 0.04° resolution via a random-forest model, which explained 56% of the monthly variation as a function of oil palm and timber plantation extent and proximity, logging intensity and proximity, human settlement, climate, forest and peatland condition, and time, observed using Landsat and similar satellite data. Oil-palm extent increased fire frequency until covering 20% of a grid cell, signalling the significant influence of early stages of plantation establishment. Heighted fire frequency was particularly acute within 10 km of oil palm, where both expanding plantation and smallholder agriculture are believed to be contributing factors. Fire frequency increased abruptly and dramatically when rainfall fell below 200 mm month⁻¹, especially as landscape perturbation increased (indicated by vegetation index data). Logging intensity had a negligible influence on fire frequency, including on peatlands, suggesting a more complex response of logged forest to burning than appreciated. Over time, the epicentres of high-frequency fires expanded from East Kalimantan (1980’s) to Central and West Kalimantan (1990’s), coincidentally but apparently slightly preceding oil-palm expansion, and high-frequency fires then waned in East Kalimantan and occurred only in Central and West Kalimantan (2000’s). After accounting for land-cover changes and climate, our model under-estimates observed fire frequency during ca. 1990–2002 and over-estimates it thereafter, suggesting that a multi-decadal shift to industrial forest conversion and forest landscapes may have diminished the propensity for high-frequency fires in much of this globally significant tropical region since ca. 2000.  相似文献   

台湾地震与大陆旱涝   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

汤懋苍 《地球科学进展》1994,9(1):38-41

利用近80年台湾、大陆和环西太平洋的地震资料,简要分析了地震场与我国东部旱涝分布的关系。台湾强震加上华北或蒙古两年内亦有强震是江淮干旱、华北涝的条件；单有台湾强震是江南旱的前兆；台湾弱震年的第一年加上长江中下游有4.5级以上地震发生是长江大涝的条件。对此统计结果从岩石圈与大气圈相互热交换的观点,提出了一个初步解释。  相似文献   

厄尔尼诺对长江中下游地区夏季持续性降水结构的影响及其可能机理     

余荣  翟盘茂 《气象学报》2018,76(3):408-419

根据中国国家气象信息中心提供的1961-2016年2400多站的逐日降水观测数据,分析了厄尔尼诺对长江中下游地区夏季持续性降水结构的影响。发现长江中下游地区的降水主要以5 d及以内的降水事件为主,其强度主要分布在4-24 mm/d;5 d以上降水所占比例相对较小,而其强度主要分布在12-24 mm/d。其中,长江中下游地区夏季大于5 d的降水事件（长持续性降水事件）所占比例和强度在长江以南地区要大于长江以北地区。同时,在厄尔尼诺的影响下,长江以南地区的降水结构从2-5 d持续性降水事件（短持续性降水事件）和1 d的降水事件（非持续性降水事件）向长持续性降水事件转变,且其强度增加。而长江以北地区,以湖北为主,降水结构存在从非持续性向短持续性降水事件转变的现象,短持续性降水事件的强度也略有增强。因此,厄尔尼诺使得长江中下游地区的降水事件更多地以持续性降水为主,不同持续性降水事件的强度加强。进一步分析发现厄尔尼诺次年西太平洋副热带高压西伸加强,与其相关的东南季风所输送的水汽也有所加强。同时,中高纬度阻塞高压环流形势稳定维持。受这些因子的共同作用,最终导致长江中下游地区夏季降水持续性延长和降水强度加强。而这将给长江中下游地区的农作物种植和经济发展等带来较严重的影响,使防洪、防涝工作面临严峻的挑战。   相似文献   

超强厄尔尼诺事件对中国东部春夏季极端降水频率的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘明竑  任宏利  张文君  任鹏飞 《气象学报》2018,76(4):539-553

利用中国国家气象信息中心提供的中国地面逐日降水0.5°×0.5°格点数据集,研究了超强厄尔尼诺事件衰减年春、夏季中国东部极端降水发生概率的变化,并通过诊断超强厄尔尼诺自身及其衍生模态各自的水汽输送和垂直运动特征,探讨了超强厄尔尼诺事件对中国东部极端降水的影响机制。结果表明,超强厄尔尼诺事件衰减年春季,整个中国东部尤其是江淮以北地区,极端降水事件发生概率显著增大。同年夏季,长江流域极端降水发生概率比常规年份高出近1倍,而在华南和华北地区则相对减小。诊断分析显示,春季超强厄尔尼诺自身及其与热带太平洋地区年循环相互作用衍生出的组合模态（C-mode）均对降水的环流背景影响显著,热带太平洋西北部低空存在强盛的反气旋性异常环流,导致大量水汽在中国东部汇聚并上升,有利于该地区极端降水事件的发生。夏季,厄尔尼诺事件已经消亡,但与C-mode影响相关联的西北太平洋异常反气旋环流仍然存在,长江流域维持极端降水事件发生的有利条件。此外,研究也显示,超强厄尔尼诺事件衰减年春、夏季中国东部对流层中上层持续有异常经向风活动,频繁的南北冷暖气流交汇可能导致强对流事件发生次数增多,这也为该区域极端降水的频发提供了支持。   相似文献   

Simulating Eastern-and Central-Pacific Type ENSO Using a Simple Coupled Model     

Xianghui FANG  Fei ZHENG 《大气科学进展》2018,35(6):671-681

Severe biases exist in state-of-the-art general circulation models(GCMs) in capturing realistic central-Pacific(CP) El Nino structures. At the same time, many observational analyses have emphasized that thermocline(TH) feedback and zonal advective(ZA) feedback play dominant roles in the development of eastern-Pacific(EP) and CP El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), respectively. In this work, a simple linear air-sea coupled model, which can accurately depict the strength distribution of the TH and ZA feedbacks in the equatorial Pacific, is used to investigate these two types of El Nino. The results indicate that the model can reproduce the main characteristics of CP ENSO if the TH feedback is switched off and the ZA feedback is retained as the only positive feedback, confirming the dominant role played by ZA feedback in the development of CP ENSO. Further experiments indicate that, through a simple nonlinear control approach, many ENSO characteristics,including the existence of both CP and EP El Nino and the asymmetries between El Nino and La Nina, can be successfully captured using the simple linear air-sea coupled model. These analyses indicate that an accurate depiction of the climatological sea surface temperature distribution and the related ZA feedback, which are the subject of severe biases in GCMs, is very important in simulating a realistic CP El Nino.  相似文献   

2016年我国梅雨异常特征及成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵俊虎  陈丽娟  王东阡 《大气科学》2018,42(5):1055-1066

利用国家气候中心梅雨监测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2016年我国梅雨异常特征及其大尺度环流成因进行了分析。结果表明:（1）2016年我国梅雨有明显的区域特征,其中江南区入梅偏早14天,与1995年并列成为1951年以来入梅最早的年份,出梅偏晚11天,梅雨期（量）偏长（多）,但梅雨期日平均降水量偏少;长江区入梅和出梅均偏晚,梅雨期接近常年,但梅雨量偏多一倍以上,梅雨量和梅雨期日平均降水量分别为1951年以来历史同期第三和第二高值;江淮区入梅、出梅及梅雨期接近常年,但梅雨量偏多。（2）对流层高、中、低层环流系统冬夏季节性调整和转变显著提前的共同作用,导致了2016年江南区入梅显著偏早;东亚副热带西风急流、西太平洋副热带高压（副高）和东亚夏季风涌在7月中旬阶段性地南落导致了江南区和长江区出梅偏晚。（3）受到前冬超强厄尔尼诺衰减和春、夏季热带印度洋全区一致海温模态偏暖的影响,梅雨期副高异常偏强,副高西南侧转向的水汽输送异常偏强,并在长江区和江淮区与北方弱冷空气辐合,造成梅雨量异常偏多。  相似文献