夏季金塔绿洲及邻近戈壁的冷湿舌及边界层特征分析   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3  

奥银焕  吕世华  陈世强  张宇 《高原气象》2005,24(4):503-508

利用2004年7月金塔“绿洲系统能量与水分循环过程观测与数值研究”重点项目加强期系留梯度探测资料,对该绿洲边缘的冷湿舌现象及边界层特征进行了分析。结果表明,戈壁绿洲边缘的确存在冷湿舌;白天从09时至18时都有冷湿舌出现,高度一般维持在0～600m之间;冷湿舌受风速、风向、太阳对地面加热强度等因素的影响很大,也与午后绿洲辐散风有密切关系。这一发现对深入研究戈壁绿洲能量与水分循环,尤其是对绿洲与周围沙漠戈壁的水热交换研究具有重要意义,也为进一步研究绿洲的维持和发展提供了很好的基础。  相似文献   

利用CHAMP卫星几何法轨道恢复地球重力场模型   总被引：34，自引：11，他引：23       下载免费PDF全文

徐天河  杨元喜 《地球物理学报》2005,48(2):288-293

介绍了利用CHAMP几何法轨道恢复地球重力场模型的基本原理和算法,提出了基于牛顿数值微分公式并辅助移去-恢复方法计算卫星速度的算法.利用现有重力场模型标定CHAMP加速度计数据的差分算法,采用Technical University of Munich（TUM）提供的CHAMP几何法轨道,计算出了三组50×50地球重力场模型.与GRIM5_C1、EIGEN_1S和EIGEN_2模型的比较表明,无论位系数差值阶方差或大地水准面差值,恢复出的模型与EIGEN_2模型都最接近.利用北极实测重力数据对上述模型进行了检验,结果显示,本文得到的三组模型均优于GRIM5_C1模型,且与EIGEN_1S、EIGEN_2模型精度相当.  相似文献   

陇中黄土高原冬季地表辐射和能量平衡特征   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

杨启国  杨兴国  马鹏里  王润元  刘宏谊 《地球科学进展》2005,20(9):1012-1021

利用定西试验基地2003年12月至2004年2月获取的地气相互作用观测资料,分析了陇中黄土高原冬季典型天气（晴天、阴天及雪天）和平均状况下的地表辐射能量平衡和土壤温度等微气象特征的日变化规律。结果表明,在典型天气间微气象特征有较大差异,但冬季的平均特征与晴天比较接近,云和降雪的扰动影响有限。冬季地表能量平衡以感热输送为主,土壤热通量为辅,且普遍存在不平衡现象。冬季初的2／3时段净辐射及土壤热通量日总量基本为负值,之后的1／3时段为正值,冬季地面加热场为热源。冬季土壤温度在地表及20 cm土壤层存在日变化,30 cm及以下土壤温度日变化很小。冬季地表日平均反射率基本在0.20～0.25之间变化,平均值为0.22。  相似文献   

Review of the Research Progress in Global Warming Hiatus     

Yidan Xu  Jianping Li  Qiuyun Wang  Xiaopei Lin 《地球科学进展》2019,34(2):175-190

From 1998 to 2012, the warming rate of global mean surface air temperature showed significantly slower than before, which is referred to as the global warming hiatus. The causes and underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon are currently a hot topic of climatic change research. The research significance of global warming hiatus was discussed and relevant research progress was reviewed from two perspectives of external forcings and internal variabilities. In term of external forcings, global warming hiatus is mainly affected by solar activities, volcanic eruptions, aerosols and stratospheric water vapor. With respect to internal variabilities, the warming rate of global mean surface air temperature slowdown is mainly related to the natural variabilities of the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean and influenced by the related heat redistribution processes. During the global warming hiatus period, some energy is transferred and restored in the deep ocean so as to modulate the global warming rate, rather than there is a reduction of global total energy in the climate system. In addition, the partially coupled forcing pacemaker model experiment was also reviewed. The pacemaker experiment is a powerful tool for studying the characteristics, causes and underlying mechanisms of the global warming hiatus. Besides, some challenges resulted from the global warming hiatus, including the global energy imbalance, data, simulation and related policy-making were summarized, and future research directions were also discussed.  相似文献   

Wavelet approximation of earthquake strong ground motion-goodness of fit for a database in terms of predicting nonlinear structural response     

Maria I. Todorovska  Hadi MeidaniMihailo D. Trifunac 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

Reduced dimensionality representation of strong ground motion records as a superposition of a relatively small number of pulses is studied. Such representation is obtained by the expansion of velocity in orthogonal wavelet series using the Fast Wavelet Transform, and approximation by only the largest energy terms in the series. The Coiflet 5 wavelet family is used, which is orthogonal, smooth and nearly symmetric. The goodness of the approximation is examined for the EQUINFOS for USA Part I database, as representative of a large variety of strong motion records (it consists of 494 three-component records from 106 earthquakes recorded in the western US between 1933 and 1984). The goodness of fit is measured in terms of closeness of predicting several input and output characteristics of a nonlinear oscillator representing a structure: (i) energy of the input ground motion (proportional to integral of velocity squared), (ii) the peak input power, and (iii) the time of collapse of a bi-linear oscillator (considering also collapse due to dynamic instability). The results show very high degree of correlation of these characteristics as estimated from the actual record and from its approximations, even for small number of pulses (relative to the number that would represent the ground velocity exactly). Such reduced representation of strong ground motion is useful for extracting such pulses from strong motion records to study their nature, and for development of new algorithms for the synthesis of artificial earthquake strong motion records.  相似文献   

The role of chilean mountain areas in time of drought and energy crisis: New pressures and challenges for vulnerable ecosystems     

Rafael SáNCHEZ  Carla MARCHANT  Axel BORSDORF 《山地科学学报》2012,9(4):451-462

In the summer of 2010/2011 Chile suffered the third most severe energy and water supply crisis in only one decade.This may be surprising as the Andes which accompany the country along 4,200 km are a water tower and could provide more electricity and water than needed.On top of that,it has to be mentioned that Chile also counts with sunny and windy climates and with excellent geothermal energy resources and thus has a huge potential as far as renewable energies are concerned.After analyzing the existing natural conditions,the infrastructure and the present challenges of climate change,it has to be asked in which way Chile can make use of this potential in the near future,considering the legal and political situation and the technological opportunities.It seems that the resources are still hidden in the Andes,and only the key is missing to realize the country’s natural potential.This research has been based on the analysis of existing literature,media,quantitative data from government institutions and other antecedents obtained by the authors in field work done in the South of Chile in 2010.The added value of this compilation lies in the comprehensive perspective,linking the knowledge of climatologists,hydrologists,mountain researchers and energy experts in order to support a sustainable energy and water supply for the future in Chile.From this present research,it can be concluded that Chile necessarilyhas to adopt new energy-related strategies,particularly those aimed at diminishing the strong dependence on traditional sources of energy and establishing new techniques and technologies for generating electricity and utilizing the vast potential that the country is ready to offer,such as that provided by the Andes along 4,200 kilometers.  相似文献   

Offshore wind decommissioning regulations and workflows in the Outer Continental Shelf United States     

Mark J. Kaiser  Brian Snyder 《Marine Policy》2012,36(1):113-121

Decommissioning regulations for offshore renewable energy facilities require that all facilities be removed and the seafloor cleared of all obstructions at the end of the life of the lease. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the expected workflows and stages of decommissioning that are likely to arise for offshore wind farms, to describe the exposure and liability of the parties involved and to compare offshore wind and oil and gas decommissioning. An alternative method for turbine removal is proposed which, if feasible, will reduce decommissioning cost. The objectives of a bonding program are motivated and discussed.  相似文献   

用能量累积法检测地震波雷达信号   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

刘明辉  周银兴  彭朝勇  陈阳  李江  王洪体 《地球物理学报》2015,58(4):1259-1268

将具有高度重复性的地震波雷达长时间向地壳内发射线性调频信号,经过地下介质的传播后到达地面,用地震仪器在监测点和检测点记录下来,通过分析数据来了解地壳速度结构及波速变化.线性调频信号是一种非平稳信号,它的频率随时间线性变化,有很好的能量聚集性,非常适合做时间-频率分析.本文用短时傅里叶变换对监测点的信号进行时间-频率分析,以检验地震波雷达发射信号的时间和频率是否和控制系统一致.通过WignerVille分布将地震波雷达发射的信号能量聚集在线性调频直线上,再用Hough变换累积聚集的能量形成波峰,按照线性调频直线的倾角提取波峰所在行,计算到时后构成地震波走时曲线图.用靠近本次实验地点的H-21剖面得到的地壳速度结构正演该测线的Pg、Sg、PmP和SmS的折合走时曲线,并与用能量累积法提取出的地震波走时曲线进行对比,分析结果表明:地震波雷达发射线性调频信号的时间和频率都符合控制要求,重复性高达99.9%以上,可以清晰地分辨出Pg、Sg震相,并且PmP和SmS震相可辨.  相似文献   

城市热岛效应和气溶胶浓度的动力、热力学分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李耀锟  巢纪平  匡贡献 《地球物理学报》2015,58(3):729-740

在能量平衡方程中引入气溶胶的吸收和散射作用,并与三维行星边界层运动方程组相耦合,根据温度分布显式求解运动场,探讨三维行星边界层内温度、运动、气溶胶浓度分布特征.结果表明,城市人为热释放直接决定了城市热岛效应的强度,城市面积越大,城市热岛效应的强度也越强,城市面积固定时,城市越分散,城市热岛效应的强度越弱,这为城市建设多采取卫星城的方式提供了一定的理论支撑.气溶胶的散射作用要大于吸收作用,其对城市热岛效应的强度主要起削弱作用,当气溶胶浓度较大时,吸收作用更显著一些,此时城市热岛效应的强度会有一定的增强,但是幅度不大.当城市热岛效应的强度增强时,其所驱动的环流也会增强,造成城区中心气溶胶浓度略有下降.  相似文献   

Development of elasto-plastic viscous damper finite element model for reinforced concrete frames     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

By advancing the technologies regarding seismic control of structures and development of earthquake resistance systems in the past decades application of different types of earthquake energy dissipation system has incredibly increased. Viscous damper device as a famous and the simplest earthquake energy dissipation system is implemented in many new structures and numerous number of researches have been done on the performance of viscous dampers in structures subjected to earthquake. The experience of recent severe earthquakes indicates that sometimes the earthquake energy dissipation devices are damaged during earthquakes and there is no function for structural control system. So, damage of earthquake energy dissipation systems such as viscous damper device must be considered during design of earthquake resistance structures.This paper demonstrates the development of three-dimensional elasto-plastic viscous damper element consisting of elastic damper in the middle part and two plastic hinges at both ends of the element which are compatible with the constitutive model to reinforce concrete structures and are capable to detect failure and damage in viscous damper device connections during earthquake excitation. The finite element model consists of reinforced concrete frame element and viscous damper element is developed and special finite element algorithm using Newmark׳s direct step-by-step integration is developed for inelastic dynamic analysis of structure with supplementary elasto-plastic viscous damper element. So based on all the developed components an especial finite computer program has been codified for “Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Earthquake Energy Dissipation System”. The evaluation of seismic response of structure and damage detection in structural members and damper device was carried out by 3D modeling, of 3 story reinforced concrete frame building under earthquake multi-support excitation.  相似文献