A 200-year precipitation index for the central English Lake District / Un indice de précipitation de 200 ans pour la Région des Lacs en Angleterre     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5)

Abstract

Abstract The geographical context and hydroclimatology of the English Lake District means that the region is an important monitor of changes to nationally significant environmental assets. Using monthly rainfall series for sites in and around the central Lake District, a continuous ~200-year precipitation index was constructed for a representative station close to Grasmere. The bridged series shows a significant decline in summer rainfall since the 1960s, offset by increases in winter and spring that are strongly linked to North Atlantic forcing. Over longer time periods, the index exhibits several notable dry (1850s, 1880s, 1890s, 1930s, 1970s) and wet (1820s, 1870s, 1920s, 1940s, 1990s) decades. These patterns are strongly reflected by reservoir inflow series and by indicators of the biological status of the region’s freshwater lakes. It is argued that long-term climate indices will become increasingly important as managers seek to evaluate recent and project environmental changes within the context of long-term natural variability.  相似文献   

成人英语学习动机行为调查与教学对策研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈金中 《成都信息工程学院学报》2004,19(2):292-296

动机是激励人们行动的心理动因.英语学习动机是推动英语学习的内部动因,成人英语学习动机是复杂的.了解他们的英语学习动机特点有利于教师改进教学手段和策略,激发与培养其学习的主动性和积极性,发挥其学习潜能,从而提高英语学习的效果.运用定量研究的方法,在年轻干部学员中进行学习动机调查,分析了其学习动机的特点,并提出成人英语教学的对策.  相似文献   

语言相对性与英语的区域性变体研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭遂红 《广东海洋大学学报》2004,24(5):64-69

英语已发展成为一门世界性语言 ,英语在非英语国家的发展已经形成了许多带有浓厚地域特色的变体。从语言相对性的角度对英语区域性变体进行分析研究 ,论述其产生的历史根源是由于英国在世界上的扩张、以及文化差异 ,并阐述了英语区域性变体的分类以及人们对区域性变体所持的态度。  相似文献   

Quantitative assessment of dissolved radiotracers in the English Channel: Sources, average impact of la Hague reprocessing plant and conservative behaviour (1983, 1986, 1988, 1994)     

P. Bailly du Bois  P. Guguniat 《Continental Shelf Research》1999,19(15-16)

Knowledge of long-term movements of water-masses in the English Channel has been substantially improved using hydrodynamic modelling coupled with radio-tracers studies; nevertheless, the precision of results so obtained is still largely dependent on measurement precision. New tools are now available to make more accurate determinations of radio-tracer distribution: (1) Repositioning of station locations at the same tide reference-time, giving a homogeneous spatial data set, coupled with the possibility of interpolating and quantifying the amounts of dissolved radioactivity flowing through the English Channel; (2) the first measurements of tritium (³H) in seawater on a large scale in the English Channel demonstrate that this fully conservative radionuclide is a clearly identifiable marker of industrial releases; (3) recent campaigns carried out during the FLUXMANCHE II CCE (1994) programme show the general distribution of dissolved radionuclides ¹³⁷Cs, ¹³⁴Cs, ⁶⁰Co, ¹²⁵Sb, ¹⁰⁶Ru and ³H in the English Channel and the Irish Sea; and (4) the re-utilisation of data from previous campaigns (1983, 1986, 1988) provides indications, at any given location in the English Channel, about the average dilution and distribution of releases derived from the La Hague reprocessing plant. Excesses and losses of radionuclides are now quantified with respect to known source terms; estimates of losses are provided for non-conservative radionuclides, while an excess of ¹³⁷Cs was observed in the English Channel during the period 1983–1994. This excess, which has the same order of magnitude as the quantities released from La Hague plant in the English Channel, could be explained by about 1% of the Sellafield reprocessing plant releases entering the Channel. These results confirm and give a more detailed picture of the previously known distribution of water masses in the English Channel. They lead to clear information about transit times and dilution at this scale, and provide directly comparable data for the validation of hydrodynamic models.  相似文献   

航海英语语义探源     

蒋栋元 《广东海洋大学学报》2004,24(5):84-88

在世界航海过程中 ,人们创造了众多语言词汇 ,丰富了人类语言。英语中也有许多与航海有关的词语 ,它们语义的产生有其特定的背景 ,在使用过程中被赋予新的含义 ,至今广泛使用。  相似文献   

土地生态安全资源型关键地段识别——以黄河三角洲惠民县为例     

吴未  路平山  刘莉 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(1):71-74

资源型关键地段对于维护和控制区域土地生态系统安全具有关键性作用。通过构建一套资源型关键地段识别指标体系,在以行政区为基本识别单元的基础上,识别出行政单元内地类斑块尺度的资源型关键地段。将惠民县划分为6类地域,即关键地段、关键地段保护区、一般地段、干扰地段、干扰区及交汇区,分别占全县总面积的6.39%、19.70%、50.61%、7.93%、15.37%和6.89%。资源型关键地段所占比重小,反映出地区整体生态环境水平较低;一般地段基本以耕地为主,具有随季节交替变化、物种单一、稳定性差等特点;交汇区具有保护需求强烈和受干扰程度明显的双重特性,在现实土地利用与管理过程中需得到高度重视。  相似文献   

GrADS绘图汉字显示的技术研究与实现     

邓莲堂 《气象》2010,36(11):115-119

气象常用绘图软件GrADS中不能用汉字设置标题和题注,给国内的业务和科研工作带来不便。根据GrADS软件的特点,在其已有功能的基础上,对GrADS软件功能进行扩充,发展了一些关键技术,实现了GrADS汉字显示功能。其中,发展的关键技术包括:自定义汉字库创建、汉字库索引创建、中英文混合显示、快速查找自定义汉字库、解码自定义汉字库和汉字绘制。实现的汉字显示技术具有使用方便、速度快、可移植、可中英文混合显示等特点。  相似文献   

Evidence for microbiological manganese oxidation in the river Tamar Estuary, South West England     

Peter W. L. Vojak  Clive Edwards  Martin V. Jones 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(6):661-671

Water samples from the Tamar Estuary oxidized manganese when supplemented with Mn²⁺ (2 mgl⁻¹). The rates of oxidation were depressed in the presence of various metabolic inhibitors. The effect of Mn²⁺ and temperature on the rate of manganese oxidation suggested that a biological process was largely responsible for converting Mn²⁺ to Mn⁴⁺. Rates of manganese oxidation were much higher in freshwater (3·32 μgl⁻¹ h⁻¹ in water containing 30 mgl⁻¹ of suspended matter) than in saline water (0·7 μgl⁻¹ h⁻¹ in water of salinity 32‰) containing the same amount of particulate matter. The rate of manganese oxidation was proportional to the particulate load (up to 100 mgl⁻¹ particulates).  相似文献   

Middle Pleistocene deposits at Frog Hall Pit,Stretton-on-Dunsmore,Warwickshire, English Midlands,and their implications for the age of the type Wolstonian     

D. H. Keen  G. R. Coope  R. L. Jones  M. H. Field  H. I. Griffiths  S. G. Lewis  D. Q. Bowen 《第四纪科学杂志》1997,12(3):183-208

  相似文献   

A critical examination of the seafaring English education and training in China     

《Marine Policy》2017

The increased maritime accidents attributable to communication barriers have raised great concern about international shipping safety. The requirement for effective communication has been contained in the compulsory part of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers in 2010. However, many Chinese seafarers still experience difficulty in communicating with foreign seafarers at sea even though they passed the English exams required for a Certificate of Competency. Literature argues that the outcomes of maritime English education are not satisfactory. However, this claim is too general and has not been substantiated with empirical evidence. Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper reveals that English communicative incompetence of Chinese seafarers was attributable to the maritime English examinations system, teaching materials, teaching methods and teachers and students themselves. Recommendations were made to improve maritime cadets’ English communicative competence.  相似文献