Frequency dependence of Q in the mantle underlying the shield areas of Eurasia, Part I: analyses of short and intermediate period data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zoltan A. Der  Alison C. Lees  Vernon F. Cormier  Lisa M. Anderson 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,87(3):1057-1084

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欧亚大陆冬季雪深的时空演变特征及其影响因子分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈海山  许蓓 《地理科学》2012,(2):129-135

利用美国冰雪资料中心(National Snow and Ice Data Center)提供的前苏联1948~1994年逐日积雪深度资料,定义了冬季雪深增量的概念,探讨了欧亚大陆秋末雪深、冬季雪深、冬季雪深增量的时空演变规律,通过比较分析三者的异常变化特征,揭示了三者之间可能存在的联系。经验正交函数分解(EOF)结果表明:欧亚大陆冬季雪深、冬季雪深增量的第一模态的空间分布特征均为大致以50°N为界的南北反相变化,欧亚大陆北部的积雪深度和冬季雪深增量都呈现出一致性的变化趋势;两者对应的时间序列均反映了显著的年代际变化特征,且年代际转变均发生在20世纪70年代中期前后。第二模态则呈现出欧亚大陆东、西部反相的偶极型空间分布特征。进一步分析表明,欧亚大陆秋末雪深无论从空间分布还是时间演变来看与冬季雪深几乎不存在相关性。欧亚大陆冬季雪深变化主要是冬季雪深增量影响所致,与秋末雪深无关。  相似文献   

江苏冬夏季人体舒适度指数异常的背景场研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

于庚康  徐敏  高苹  黄亮  罗艳  凌洋 《气象》2012,38(5):593-600

利用江苏地区37个气象观测站1980—2009年逐日资料,及同时段美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及北太平洋海温资料,通过合成和遥相关法,研究了当江苏冬、夏季人体舒适度指数（CIHB）出现异常偏高和偏低时,大气环流与北太平洋海温场的基本特征。结果表明：（1）CIHB偏高年较偏低年,冬季,东亚大槽偏浅,冬季风明显偏弱,尤其是北风分量偏弱最为明显,江苏上空下沉气流偏弱,均不利于冷空气东移南压以及向下入侵;夏季,副热带高压偏西、偏强,南亚高压偏东、偏北、偏强,夏季风明显偏强,尤其是南风分量偏强显著,导致往北的暖湿气流强盛,垂直运动总体偏弱,不利于夏季对流活动的发生。（2）冬季,CIHB偏高年中西太平洋的海温高于偏低年,尤其是在我国东部近海的黑潮区,偏暖幅度最为明显,无论是超前相关还是同期相关,西太平洋海温与冬季CIHB都是以正相关为主,其中暖池区的正相关最为显著。  相似文献   

2012年欧亚寒冷天气过程与北极涛动异常活动的联系     

刘斌  徐保华  胡剑文  陆凡 《气象与减灾研究》2012,35(2):17-22

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和CPC逐日北极涛动(AO)指数资料,结合近30年欧亚地区地面气温年际异常变化的可能机理,分析了AO异常波动对2012年欧亚地区严寒天气过程的影响。结果表明,AO发生负异常波动对2012年1—2月欧亚地区异常寒冷天气起到至关重要的作用。AO在12月为正异常波动,次年1—2月则呈现负异常波动,其中1月中下旬至2月中旬的负异常波动过程比较显著。在AO负异常影响下,极涡面积增大,冷空气活动加强,中纬度纬向环流减弱而经向环流增强,造成冷、暖空气交换加剧,极地冷空气南下入侵到中纬度地区,从而导致欧亚大陆异常寒冷天气;同时,由北大西洋及地中海北上的暖湿气流,在遭遇冷空气阻碍后给西欧和南欧一些地区带来了大面积的雨雪天气。  相似文献   

An analysis on observed and simulated PNA associated atmospheric diabatic heating     

B. Yu  Y. M. Tang  X. B. Zhang  A. Niitsoo 《Climate Dynamics》2009,33(1):75-91

This study examines the PNA associated atmospheric diabatic heating by linearly isolating the influence of ENSO. The analysis is based on the NCEP–NCAR and ERA-40 reanalyses and a 1,000-year-long integration of the CCCma coupled climate model. Both the vertically integrated and three-dimensional diabatic heating are examined. The Rossby wave sources in association with the PNA are also diagnosed. The PNA-related heating is confined outside the tropics and is dominated by anomalies in the eastern Pacific, with a north–south dipole structure in mid-latitudes and the northern subtropics. The heating anomalies change sign with height in mid-latitudes but have the same sign throughout the troposphere in the northern subtropics. Relatively weak heating anomalies also appear in mid-latitudes, downstream of the heating dipole over North America and the western North Atlantic. The heating anomalies are largely supported by the advections related to the mean state throughout the troposphere, and partially damped by the advections related to the eddy effect, particularly at the upper troposphere over the North Pacific. Broadly similar patterns are seen from the NCEP–NCAR and ERA-40 reanalyses. Yet anomalous heating centers are generally located at relatively lower troposphere for the ERA-40 with respect to the NCEP–NCAR. The tropical heating anomalies are rather weak, remarkably different from those related to ENSO variability. In addition, the Rossby wave source collocates with the atmospheric diabatic forcing in the mid-high latitudes over the PNA sector, and shows no forcing source in the tropics. The results demonstrate possible forcing in the mid-high latitudes, regardless of tropical heating for the PNA teleconnection. The modeled heating and wave forcing anomalies in association with the modeled PNA compare reasonably well with the reanalysis-based estimates, increasing confidence in the observational results. The analysis provides further evidence of the independence of the PNA on ENSO from the diabatic heating point of view.  相似文献   

Dynamical Tropopause Variability and Potential Vorticity Streamers in the Northern Hemisphere —— A Climatological Analysis     

Olivia MARTIUS  Cornelia SCHWIERZ  Michael SPRENGER 《大气科学进展》2008,25(3):367-380

This study presents a 44-year climatology of potential vorticity （PV） streamers in the Northern Hemisphere based upon analyses of the ERA-40 reanalysis data set. A comparison to an existing 15-year climatology yields very good agreement in the locations of PV streamer frequency maxima, but some differences are found in the amplitude of frequencies. The climatology is assessed with the focus on links between PV streamer frequencies and the synoptic- and planetary-scale variability of the dynamical tropopause.
A comprehensive overview is provided on where （zonally） and when （seasonally） short-term variability throughout the extra-tropical and sub-tropical tropopause is enhanced or reduced. Several key processes that influence this variability are discussed. Baroclinic processes, for example, determine the variability in the storm-track areas in winter, whereas the Asian summer monsoon significantly influences the variability over Asia.
The paper also describes links between the frequency of PV streamers in the extra-tropical and subtropical tropopause and three major northern hemisphere teleconnection patterns. The observed changes in the PV streamer frequencies are closely related to concomitant variations of PV and its gradient within the tropopause region. During opposite phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation the location of the streamer frequency maxima shifts significantly in the Atlantic and European region in both the extra-tropics and subtropics. The influence of ENSO on the streamer frequencies is most pronounced in the subtropical Pacific.  相似文献   

台风在我国登陆地点的年际变化及其与夏季东亚/太平洋型遥相关的关系   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

黄荣辉  王磊 《大气科学》2010,34(5):853-864

本文利用1979～2007年日本气象厅JRA-25风场和高度场再分析资料和美国JTWC热带气旋的观测资料分析了7～9月份西北太平洋台风和热带气旋 (TC) 在我国登陆地点的年际变化及其与北半球夏季大气环流异常的东亚/太平洋型 (即EAP型) 遥相关的关系, 特别是分析了7～9月份在厦门以北登陆台风和TC数量的年际变化与夏季 (6～8月) EAP指数的相关。分析结果表明: 当夏季 (6～8月) EAP指数为高指数时, 则7～9月份在东亚和西北太平洋上空500 hPa高度场异常将出现 “－, +, －” EAP型遥相关的波列分布, 这时西太平洋副热带高压的位置偏北、 偏东。在这种情况下, 西北太平洋上较多的台风和TC的移动路径偏北, 这引起了7～9月份在我国厦门以北沿海登陆的台风和TC数量偏多。反之, 当夏季 (6～8月) EAP指数为低指数时, 在东亚和西北太平洋上空500 hPa高度场异常为 “+, －, +” 的 EAP型遥相关的波列分布, 这时西太平洋副热带高压的位置偏南、 偏西。在这种情况下, 西北太平洋上较多的台风和TC移动路径偏南, 这引起了7～9月份在我国厦门以北沿海登陆的台风和TC数量偏少, 较多的台风和TC在厦门以南的华南沿海登陆。  相似文献   

Summertime atmospheric teleconnection pattern associated with a warming over the eastern Tibetan Plateau     

朱伟军 《大气科学进展》2009,26(3):413-422

By using a surface air temperature index (SATI) averaged over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), investigation is conducted on the short-term climate variation associated with the interannual air warming (or cooling) over the TP in each summer month. Evidence suggests that the SATI is associated with a consistent teleconnection pattern extending from the TP to central-western Asia and southeastern Europe. Associated rainfall changes include, for a warming case, a drought in northern India in May and June, and a stronger mei-yu front in June. The latter is due to an intensified upper-level northeasterly in eastern China and a wetter and warmer condition over the eastern TP. In the East Asian regions, the time-space distributions of the correlation patterns between SATI and rainfall are more complex and exhibit large differences from month to month. Some studies have revealed a close relationship between the anomalous heating over the TP and the rainfall anomaly along the Yangtze River valley appearing in the summer on a seasonal mean time-scale, whereas in the present study, this relationship only appears in June and the signal's significance becomes weaker after the long-term trend in the data was excluded. Close correlations between SATI and the convection activity and SST also occur in the western Pacific in July and August: A zonally-elongated warm tone in the SST in the northwestern Pacific seems to be a passive response of the associated circulation related to a warm SATI. The SATI-associated teleconnection pattern provides a scenario consistently linking the broad summer rainfall anomalies in Europe, central-western Asia, India, and East Asia.  相似文献   

Eurasian Snow Cover Variability and Its Association with Summer Rainfall in China   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

WU Bingyi  YANG Kun  ZHANG Renhe 《大气科学进展》2009,26(1):31-44

This study investigates the statistical linkage between summer rainfall in China and the preceding spring Eurasian snow water equivalent (SWE), using the datasets of summer rainfall observations from 513 stations, satellite-observed snow water equivalent, and atmospheric circulation variables in the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis during the period from 1979 to 2004. The first two coupled modes are identified by using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. The leading SVD mode of the spring SWE variability shows a coherent negative anomaly in most of Eurasia with the opposite anomaly in some small areas of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia. The mode displays strong interannual variability, superposed on an interdecadal variation that occurred in the late 1980s, with persistent negative phases in 1979--1987 and frequent positive phases afterwards. When the leading mode is in its positive phase, it corresponds to less SWE in spring throughout most of Eurasia. Meanwhile, excessive SWE in some small areas of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia, summer rainfall in South and Southeast China tends to be increased, whereas it would be decreased in the up-reaches of the Yellow River. In recent two decades, the decreased spring SWE in Eurasia may be one of reasons for severe droughts in North and Northeast China and much more significant rainfall events in South and Southeast China. The second SVD mode of the spring SWE variability shows opposite spatial variations in western and eastern Eurasia, while most of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia are in phase. This mode significantly correlates with the succeeding summer rainfall in North and Northeast China, that is, less spring SWE in western Eurasia and excessive SWE in eastern Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau tend to be associated with decreased summer rainfall in North and Northeast China.  相似文献   

冬季斯堪的纳维亚遥相关型在20世纪70年代末的年代际变化   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

刘毓赟  王林 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(3):371-382

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和PREC-L(Precipitation Reconstruction over Land)降水资料分析了1948/1949~2008/2009年冬季斯堪的纳维亚(SCAND)遥相关型的年代际变化,并讨论了这次年代际变化前后SCAND型的不同时空特征、气候影响及其维持机制。结果表明,SCAND型在1979年前后发生了明显的年代际突变,其500 hPa高度场上的欧洲中心和西伯利亚中心在1979年之后均向东南方向移动,但斯堪的纳维亚半岛附近的中心位置没有明显变化。与此相对应,1979年之后SCAND型对北半球气温的影响有很大加强,主要表现为其正(负)位相引起的极区增温范围明显扩大,欧亚大陆北部的温度负(正)中心显著向东南方向延伸,甚至可以影响到我国长江流域和日本的温度变化。1979年之后,SCAND型正(负)位相可以引起欧亚大陆沿60°N左右纬度带的降水显著减少(增加),这与1979年之前SCAND型主要引起乌拉尔山以西地区的降水变化有所不同。对准地转位势倾向方程的诊断表明,SCAND型在1979年前后的年代际变化基本可以用异常定常波引起的涡度强迫、异常定常波与气候态定常波相互作用引起的涡度强迫以及高频瞬变波引起的涡度强迫三者的变化来解释。  相似文献