黑色页岩与土壤重金属污染   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

余昌训  彭渤  唐晓燕  谢淑容  吴甫成  尹春艳  杨广  涂湘林 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2008,27(2)

本文利用ICP—MS等技术分析了湘中地区黑色页岩及其相应土壤的重金属含量,在对分析结果进行统计分析的基础上,探讨了黑色页岩与土壤重金属污染的关系。研究表明,黑色页岩是富集多种重金属元素的特殊岩石。以黑色页岩岩系为母岩的土壤,不仅明显富集Cu、Cd、Cr、Co、Pb、Zn、Mo、Ni、V、U、Sn、Sb、T1、Th等多种重金属元素,而且受到Mo、Sb、Cd、U、Tl、Cu、V、Sn、Th等重金属的污染,其中以Mo、Cd、Sb、U、Tl等的污染尤为严重。黑色页岩土壤重金属污染在一些地方已产生明显的负面环境效应,值得关注。  相似文献   

重液材料多钨酸钠在青海湖沉积物重力分离中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李善营  于炳松  Hailiang DONG  刘英超 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2008,27(1):69-71

多钨酸钠是一种无毒、易配制、可循环使用、密度高的新型无机重液.本文利用多钨酸钠重液,用离心机重力分离的方法将青海湖沉积物分成低(≤1.9g/cm3)、中(1.2-2.8g/cm3)、高(≥2.8g/cm3)三个密度组分,平均回收率为96.5%.重力分离后的沉积物测试分析发现,有机质主要分布在富粘土矿物的中密度组,揭示了粘土矿物的表面吸附是青海湖底沉积物有机质的主要赋存形式.  相似文献   

内蒙古敖包吐萤石矿床地质和地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许东青  聂凤军  江思宏  张万益  云飞  杨才  张天俊  吕旭光  林日亮 《地球学报》2008,29(4):440-450

笔者总结了敖包吐萤石矿床的地质特征,并通过萤石的稀土元素的地球化学和Nd同位素研究,探讨了该矿床的成矿作用和成矿物质来源。敖包吐萤石矿床产出于下二叠统大石寨组火山—沉积岩与燕山中期花岗岩的接触带,为单一萤石矿床。萤石矿石的稀土元素的含量(∑REE)变化范围为(8.04～30.04)×10-6,平均为19.42×10-6;轻重稀土LREE/HREE值0.24～0.65,平均0.52;LaN/YbN为0.07～0.62,平均0.26;δEu为0.42～0.90,平均0.60,具Eu负异常和明显重稀土富集的特征。岩矿石的Nd同位素研究表明,萤石矿石的εNd(t)都表现为很大的负值,以成矿主期年龄138Ma计算的εNd(138Ma)为-7.30～-30.55,具有古陆壳的演化特征,暗示其成矿的物质来源主要是壳源物质。在Moller的Tb/La-Tb/Ca成因判别图解中,敖包吐矿床的萤石的结晶作用表现为重新活化的趋势,反映流体具有混源的特征,既有热液成因,又有沉积成因。二叠世的海相火山活动通过海底喷气和喷流的作用形成了初始矿源层,而燕山中期花岗岩浆的侵位与结晶分异,又对初始矿源层的活化和富集提供了流体和热能的来源。成矿流体在经历了长期的演化后在大石寨组的构造薄弱破碎的的部位沉淀析出,形成敖包吐萤石矿床。  相似文献   

太原盆地农田区大气降尘对土壤重金属元素 累积的影响及其来源探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赖木收  杨忠芳  王洪翠  周继华  王建武 《地质通报》2008,27(2):240-245

通过研究太原盆地大气干湿沉降中重金属元素的含量分布特征及年输入通量,讨论其对土壤中重金属元素累积的影响。同时采用富集因子法探讨降尘物质的来源。研究结果表明,降尘中重金属元素As、Cd主要来源于人为活动,Pb的来源可能是人为源和自然源。而Hg则主要来源于自然源。  相似文献   

滇西沘江流域水体中重金属元素的地球化学特征   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

李瑞萍  王安建  曹殿华  王高尚  李以科  耿诺 《地质通报》2008,27(7):1071-1078

通过测定流经兰坪金顸铅锌矿区的沘江水体中Pb、Zn、Cd、As的含量和底泥中重金属元素的化学形态的含量,分析了重金属元素的分布和化学形态的变化。结果表明,沘江水遭到了Cd污染,底泥已经成为重金属元素的蓄积库,以国家土壤环境质量标准（Ⅲ级）衡量,Pb、Zn、Cd和舡分别超标3．4倍、15．8倍、106倍和2．6倍。沘江水中重金属元素含量的峰值在矿山附近的下游,而底泥中重金属元素的峰值在矿山下游30-50km的地方,矿业活动、水流变缓、pH等水体环境条件的变化都能影响水和底泥中重金属元素的含量。底泥中的Pb以碳酸盐结合态为主,Zn和Cd以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,而As以残渣态为主。Pb、Cd、Zn三种元素的环境有效态含量比较高,对沘江流域生态环境具有潜在的巨大的危害。  相似文献   

Spatial distribution features and environment effect of heavy metal in intertidal surface sediments of Guanhe estuary, Northern Jiangsu Province     

Jiaxiang Huang  Yong Yin  Jun Xu  Xiaobing Zhu 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(2):147-156

In northern Jiangsu coastal zone area, Guanhe River is the biggest river and has the best navigation conditions among rivers which flow into the Yellow Sea. The grain sizes show gradual increase from the high intertidal zone to lower intertidal zone. The heavy metal values have slight changes along both sides of the river mouth, but show an evident change perpendicular to the tidal flat. In the latter case, they show a good correlation with grain size fluctuation, that is, the heavy metal values gradually decline when the grain size increases from the high intertidal zone to the lower intra-tidal zone. Analyses of the heavy metal elements show that on the Guanhe estuary surface sediment, the content of the elements Hg, As and Cu is above background values; Pb and Zn contents are rather close to the background values; and Cd content is less than the background values. The element Hg comes out to be harmful in a medium level to ecological environment, while the elements of Cr, As, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd fall in a safe range of MPL. On the whole, Guanhe estuary tidal flat is not very harmful to the ecology in terms of the heavy metals. __________ Translated from Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2007, 27(5): 23–32 [译自: 海洋地质与第四纪地质]  相似文献   

Heavy metals in stream sediments from copper and gold mining areas in southern Brazil     

Maria Heloisa D. Pestana  Milton L.L. Formoso  Elba C. Teixeir 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,58(2-3)

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Estimation for partially observed Markov processes     

M. E. Thompson  T. N. Kaseke 《Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics》1995,9(1):33-47

Many stochastic process models for environmental data sets assume a process of relatively simple structure which is in some sense partially observed. That is, there is an underlying process (X_n, n 0) or (X_t, t 0) for which the parameters are of interest and physically meaningful, and an observable process (Y_n, n 0) or (Y_t, t 0) which depends on the X process but not otherwise on those parameters. Examples are wide ranging: the Y process may be the X process with missing observations; the Y process may be the X process observed with a noise component; the X process might constitute a random environment for the Y process, as with hidden Markov models; the Y process might be a lower dimensional function or reduction of the X process. In principle, maximum likelihood estimation for the X process parameters can be carried out by some form of the EM algorithm applied to the Y process data. In the paper we review some current methods for exact and approximate maximum likelihood estimation. We illustrate some of the issues by considering how to estimate the parameters of a stochastic Nash cascade model for runoff. In the case of k reservoirs, the outputs of these reservoirs form a k dimensional vector Markov process, of which only the kth coordinate process is observed, usually at a discrete sample of time points.  相似文献   

Effects of heavy metals on the survival ofDiacypris compacta (Herbst) (Ostracoda) from the Coorong,South Australia     

Anna Brooks  Rehema M. White  David C. Paton 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(2):133-163

The hypermarine southern Coorong is threatened by proposals to drain relatively fresh surface water and groundwater from adjacent agricultural areas into the Coorong. These influent waters carry moderate loads of heavy metals. Acute toxicity of heavy metals toDiacypris compacta, an abundant ostracod in the Coorong, was measured in the laboratory at 18°C in a static system using Coorong water (pH 7.8 salinity 50 ppt). At 4 days (96 h) the mean values of LC₅₀ for copper, zinc, lead and, cadmium respectively were 0.8, 2.1, 3.1 and 4.3 mg L^–1, and at 8 days the respective mean LC₅₀ s were 0.4, 0.7, 2.2 and 1.1 mgL^–1. The effect of two or three metals on mortality was additive in some cases and synergistic in other cases, but generally less than additive. However, in all cases mortality was greater in the presence of two or three metals than in the presence of a single metal. According to ANZECC (1992) guidelines, maximum acceptable concentrations of heavy metals should be no higher than 0.01 x the lowest LC₅₀ value. Using the lowest LC₅₀ values forDiacypris compacta obtained at 8 days, maximum acceptable concentrations in the Coorong would be 4, 5, 9 and 22 gL^–1 for copper, zinc, cadmium and lead respectively, the values for zinc and copper failling below those recommended by ANZECC (1992) for marine waters. Reported concentrations of copper and zinc in surface water and groundwater in areas adjacent to the Coorong sometimes exceed these values, hence drainage of these waters into the Coorong represents a significant hazard to the Coorong biota.  相似文献   

Environmental impacts from mining at Taojiang Mn ore deposit, central Hunan, China     

Bo PENG Shurong XIE Meilian XIAO Fucheng WU Zhi SONG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):23-24

The Taojiang Mn ore deposit was exploited in the early 1960s, and waste rocks were developed since then. Because the Mn ores were hosted within the metal-enriched black shales （Peng et al., 2004）, the continuous mining has led to the exposure of an immense quality of black shales, which might cause serious impacts on environments. The present study deals with this environmental issue with samples from the waste rocks, and from the surrounding soils and surface water. The mineralogy of the waste rock was studied using EMPA, then a large number of elements in all waste rock, soil, and water samples were analyzed at a wide range of concentrations with high accuracy using an Elan6000 ICP-MS machine at Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The waste rock is composed mostly of black shales, with minor Mn carbonates. Both black shales and Mn carbonates of the waste rock contain many sulfide minerals, mainly pyrite, with minor galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and others. The waste rocks are enriched in many metals including Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Th, U, Mo, Sb, Sn, Tl, and others, and the metals are mostly hosted within the sulfides. Weathering of waste rocks might cause emission of the following metals： V, Cd, Ni, Th, U, Mo, Sb, Tl, Sc, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sn, and minor Co, and Pb. The surrounding soils are highly enriched in Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, Cd, Tl, and Pb, with the enrichment factors of 2.67.3.8, 7.26, 7.27, 8.2, 5.7, 13, and 5.4, respectively. The element ratios （Rb/Cs, Fe/Mn, Nb/Zr, Hf/Zr, and Ba/Sr） and REE distribution patterns of the soils are similar to those of the waste rocks and bedrocks.  相似文献