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41.
Taoze LIU Yuangen YANG Bangyu LIU Xiangyang BI Feili LI 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):41-42
It has been found that stream waters were severely contaminated with wastes from a long-time smelting factory in Hezhang, Guizhou, China. The main sources of contamination are the smelting wastes stored in the open air and abandoned in the vicinity of stream. A method of lead isotope was adopted in order to identify relations between tailings and water contamination. Representative samples of tailings and stream sediments were collected. Mineralogical characterizations were conducted using XRD and TEM/SEM, while acid digestion was carried out for determining metal contents. BCR sequential leaching tests were performed in order to assess metal mobility. The tremendous ‘actual' and ‘potential' mobility of heavy metals indicates that the smelting waste and stream sediments present a considerable threat to the environment. Besides the chemical remobilization of heavy metals from the sediments and the reworking of riverbed sediments act as a secondary source of pollution. Also groundwater and stream water were sampled in specific locations and were measured. 相似文献
42.
Wei ZHANG Yilian LI Tianfu XU Wei QIANG Shangping XIAO 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):58-58
Since industrial revolution, the "greenhouse effect" is one of the most important global environmental issues. Of all the greenhouse gases, CO2 is responsible for about 64% of the enhanced "greenhouse effect", making it the target for mitigation, so reducing anthropogenic discharge of carbon dioxide attracts more and more attention. Geological sequestration of CO2 in deep saline aquifers is one of the most promising options. But because unknown fractures and faults may exist in the caprock layers which can prevent the leakage of CO2, CO2 will leak upward into upper potable aquifers, and lead to adverse impacts on the shallow potable aquifers. In order to assess the potential effect of CO2 leakage from underground storage reservoirs on fractures and water quality of potable aquifers, this study used the non-isothermal reactive geochemical transport code TOUGHREACT developed by Xu et al to establish a simplified 2-D model of CO2 underground sequestration system, which includes deep saline aquifers, caprock layers, and shallow potable aquifers, and study and analyze the changes of mineral and aqueous components. The simulation results indicated that the minerals of deep saline aquifers and fractures should be mainly composed of aluminosilicate and silicate minerals, which not only enhance the mass of CO2 sequestrated by mineral trapping, but also decrease the porosity and permeability of caprock layers and fractures to prevent and reduce CO2 leakage. The results from deep saline aquifers showed that the mass of carbon dioxide trapped by minerals and solution phases is limited, the rest remained as a supercritical phase, and so once the caprock aquifers have some unknown fractures, the free carbon dioxide phase may leak from CO2 geologic sequestration reservoirs by buoyancy. 相似文献
43.
Bo PENG Shurong XIE Meilian XIAO Zhi SONG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):85-86
The black shale formed under anoxic conditions usually contains high concentrations of many metals. Weathering of such black shale might cause the emission of many metals. Moreover, soils derived from black shale (SBS) are believed to be affected by black shale weathering. In recent years, many studies such as Lee et al. (2002), Woo et al. (2002), Fang et al. (2002), Pasava et al. (2003), and Peng et al. (2004) have approached the heavy metal contaminations of SBS, but systematical geochemical study is rare. Presently, the SBS and its corresponding black shales (CBS) were both sampled from central Hunan (China), and analyzed for a large number of elements, using an Elan6000 ICP-MS/AES machine at Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS. In this paper, some preliminary results are reported. The analytical results show that the SBS in central Hunan contains very high concentrations of heavy metals such as Co, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb, Zn, U, Th, Sb, T1, Cd, Cr, Sc, V, Sn, As, Se, and Ni. 相似文献
44.
Chunye LIN Mengchang HE Baixing YAN Xiangchun QUAN Yuxiang ZHOU Wei GUO Zhifeng YANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):118-119
The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of untreated effluent from petrochemical industries in Jilin City in the 1960s to the 1970s. The objectives of this study were to investigate the mercury and other heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the river. The river bottom sediment was sampled from the river segment between Jilin City to Haerbin City in 2005. Total concentrations of Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Sc, and major cations (A1, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na) in the sediment were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometer, ICP-MS, and ICP-OES, respectively, following digestion with various acids. We found the concentrations of most elements in the uncontaminated sediment were significantly correlated to those of Sc. 相似文献
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47.
Wenhong FAN Jun CHEN 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):261-261
The mimetic ocean environment and chemical method were used to research the bioavailability effect of humic acid on five heavy metals in sediment, including Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni. The sediment was separated into four containers with artificial seawater, and each of them had different concentrations of humic acid. The values of concentrations covered the whole range found in natural sediment (0.1%-10%). According to the 48 hours LC50 of clam and distribution coefficient, metals were added in artificial seawater, and their speciation was determined at first and then after two days' incubation. It was found the bioavailability of heavy metals was reduced in the presence of humic acid. The obvious negative effect on Zn was observed, but the influence on Cd was not remarkable. In addition, the contents of Pb and Ni increased obviously in organic phase, and they are correlative with the concentrations of humic acid. 相似文献
48.
采集和分析了五通桥区不同功能区和乡镇73个土壤样品,以了解山丘平原过渡区土壤重金属的含量和污染特征。结果表明,重金属的平均含量为Pb32.18mg/kg、Cd0.82mg/kg、Cu28.61mg/kg、Zn108.08mg/kg、Ni32.66mg/kg、Cr72.44mg/kg;与四川土壤背景值相比,Cu、Ni、Cr的含量与之持平,Pb增加了0.11倍,Zn增加了0.32倍,Cd的积累较为严重,比背景值增加了10倍。污染评价结果显示该过渡区存在一定程度的重金属污染问题,不同功能区的污染程度排序为工业区〉生活区〉农业区。Cd在六种元素的土壤污染分担率中占55.46%,是最主要的污染元素;土壤Cd含量与Pb和Zn存在较高的相关性(相关系数为0.525和0.500),表明存在Pb—Cd和Zn—Cd的复合污染。 相似文献
49.
华北平原东部淡水资源短缺,旱涝碱成灾害限制了农业生产的可持续发展。海河的治理,解决了排洪排涝排咸出路。春季开发利用地下水包括微咸水和半咸水抗旱灌溉。夏季利用伏雨洗盐排咸,增大降雨入渗,减少径流流失,防治渍涝灾害,把降雨转化为地下水资源。秋冬引蓄河水,回灌地下水补源。以土壤与潜水的地层空间作为调节大气降水、土壤水、地下水、地表水的地下水库,以调控地下水埋深在临界动态为指标,最大限度地把时空分布不均的天然降雨转化为可持续利用的水资源。地表水地下水联合运用,促使水资源采补平衡,降雨灌溉淋洗脱盐强于干旱蒸发积盐过程,地下水淡化强于矿化过程。实现旱涝碱咸综合治理,水土资源可持续利用,经济社会可持续发展,生态环境良性循环。 相似文献
50.
结合一次暴雨过程,将自适应网格技术应用于中尺度模式MM5中进行数值试验,同时对比自适应网格方案和固定网格方案的优劣,对模拟结果作了诊断分析。结果表明:对于此次降水过程,自适应网格模拟的效果取决于一些参数的选择。 相似文献