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71.
本文报道了运用图像处理技术,分别计算河北省南皮县试区两个不同时相TM与SPOT图像的亮度指数和垂直植被指数,进而求算变化向量、自动输出变化分类图的试验研究结果。经实地对22块变化图斑进行检验,都准确无误,表明从不同时相的卫星图像提取土地利用变化信息,分析耕地消长及大宗作物种植面积波动是完全可能的,有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   
72.
基于奇异谱分析的南方涛动指数短期气候预测试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) time series is analyzed by means of the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) method with 60-month window length. Two major oscillatory pairs are found in the series whose pe riods are quasi-four and quasi-two years respectively. The auto-regressive model, which is developed on the basis of the Maximum Entropy Spectrum Analy sis, is fitted to each of the 9 leading components including the oscillatory pairs. The prediction of SOI with the 36-month lead is obtained from the reconstruction of these extrapolated series. Correlation coefficient between predicted series and 5 months running mean of observed series is up to 0.8. The model can successfully predict the peak and duration of the strong ENSO event from 1997 to 1998. It's also shown that the proper choice of reconstructed components is the key to improve the model prediction.  相似文献   
73.
It is shown that time compression curve obtained from one-dimensional consolidation curve in the laboratory may include six phases. These are initial compression, first primary compression, transition from first primary compression to second primary compression, second primary compression, and transition from second primary compression to creep and lastly creep. This paper attempts to identify the quantitative beginnings and characteristics of these phases. A mathematical characteristic of all the soils that follow primary consolidation as per Terzaghi’s one dimensional consolidation theory is derived. It is known as the constant of primary consolidation. It is used to study the beginning of secondary consolidation and its effects on primary consolidation. Another characteristic of soils for creep and total absence of primary compression is derived. Methods are suggested for the determination of coefficients of Primary and Secondary consolidations and the compression index.  相似文献   
74.
75.
南海夏季风爆发日期和强度的短期气候预测方法研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
何敏  许力  宋文玲 《气象》2002,28(10):9-14
利用合成及相关统计方法,研究冬季南海季风指数与850hPa风场、500hPa高度、海表温度、OLR等环境场的相互关系及其影响南海夏季风活动的可能机制。指出冬季南海季风指数及环境场的异常特征可以作为预测南海夏季风活动的前兆信号。在此基础上建立了预测南海夏季风爆发日期和强度的概念模型,1998-2001年的预测试验取得了较好成绩。  相似文献   
76.
根据丘陵浅山地区8个测点低空风速实测资料进行风速廓线拟合,求得风速幂指数,将大气环境质量预测中的风速模式化,用来预测大气污染物的浓度分布。  相似文献   
77.
紫外线辐射强度预报   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据本站逐日总辐射观测资料,计算出紫外线辐射量,然后反查出该量与地面天气要素问的关系,从而根据每天的气象要素预报作出紫外线辐射强度预报。  相似文献   
78.
利用1965-1995年天气图和气象观测资料,分析了濮阳市11月份寒潮的时空分布特征、路径及天气形势,确定了预报指标。  相似文献   
79.
Salt-loaded effluents were introduced into the river Wipper during the mining period for almost a century. Beginning with the year 1990, the waste water load was strongly reduced due to the termination of the potash industry. Prior to 1990, monthly means of the chloride concentrations at times exceeded 6,000 mg l−1 in the strongly polluted sections. Maximum concentrations reached twice these values. Up to 1998, mean annual chloride concentrations decreased to values below 2,000 mg l−1. This led to more balanced fluctuations in salinity which had been pronounced before, depending on discharge and short-term changes in production. Similarly, the physiologically adverse ion conditions improved due to decrasing potassium and increasing calcium proportions.

In 1963/64, 1986 and 1998, samples of epilithic, epiphytic and epipsammic diatoms were taken at locations of different salinities along the river and examined for the effects of the salinization on the structure of the diatom assemblages. These structures changed in dependence on salinity. Increasing salt concentrations coincided with decreasing oligohalophilic and increasing mesohalophilic and polyhalophilic species numbers. Above a chloride concentration of about 3,000 mg l−1, the proportion of the latter exceed that of the former (halobion index > 50). Corresponding to different conditions of salinization along the river, characteristic diatom assemblages occur differring from each other and which are specific for the river section. Spring and autumn aspects of the diatom assemblages show also salt-dependent differences. The assemblages found in 1998 after decrease of salinization have changed markedly in comparison to those from 1963/64 and 1986. Halobiontic species predominating formerly occurred only occasionally or not at all. They were replaced by oligohalobic-indifferent forms.

An ecological assessment of the changes was performed based on the halobion index calculated from all the samples. For the strongly salinized section of the river Wipper, a shift from -mesohalobic/polyhalobic conditions in 1963/64 and 1986 to -oligohalobic/β-mesohalobic conditions in 1998 was found. However, constant -oligohalobic conditions are still not given. With regard to the transition from -oligohalobic (limnetic) to β-mesohalobic (brackish) conditions, a maximum chloride concentration of 600 mg l−1 was found. To guarantee -oligohalobic conditions, a maximum chloride concentration of 400 mg l−1 should not be exceeded.  相似文献   

80.
国外灾害遥感应用研究现状   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
灾害遥感(调查和监测)是遥感技术应用及研究的一个重要方面。本文根据大量的资料及笔者在国外参加的工作,对经济发达国家及部分第三世界国家将遥感技术用于灾害监测、预报、预警以及在减少灾害损失方面所进行的主要工作及取得的效益作一概略介绍。  相似文献   
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