基于CART集成学习的城市不透水层百分比遥感估算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱海军  江利明  林珲  杨立民 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(12):1099-1102,1106

利用Landsat ETM^＋遥感数据，提出了一种基于CART集成学习的ISP遥感亚像元估算方法，将Boosting重采样技术引入CART分析中，用于提高ISP估算的精度。实验结果表明，该方法的ISP估算性能优于传统的单一CART学习算法，从ETM^＋影像中估算的ISP值与真实值之间的相关系数达到0．91，平均偏差为11．16％。  相似文献   

A review on reflective remote sensing and data assimilation techniques for enhanced agroecosystem modeling     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2007,9(2):165-193

During the last 50 years, the management of agroecosystems has been undergoing major changes to meet the growing demand for food, timber, fibre and fuel. As a result of this intensified use, the ecological status of many agroecosystems has been severely deteriorated. Modeling the behavior of agroecosystems is, therefore, of great help since it allows the definition of management strategies that maximize (crop) production while minimizing the environmental impacts. Remote sensing can support such modeling by offering information on the spatial and temporal variation of important canopy state variables which would be very difficult to obtain otherwise.In this paper, we present an overview of different methods that can be used to derive biophysical and biochemical canopy state variables from optical remote sensing data in the VNIR-SWIR regions. The overview is based on an extensive literature review where both statistical–empirical and physically based methods are discussed. Subsequently, the prevailing techniques of assimilating remote sensing data into agroecosystem models are outlined. The increasing complexity of data assimilation methods and of models describing agroecosystem functioning has significantly increased computational demands. For this reason, we include a short section on the potential of parallel processing to deal with the complex and computationally intensive algorithms described in the preceding sections.The studied literature reveals that many valuable techniques have been developed both for the retrieval of canopy state variables from reflective remote sensing data as for assimilating the retrieved variables in agroecosystem models. However, for agroecosystem modeling and remote sensing data assimilation to be commonly employed on a global operational basis, emphasis will have to be put on bridging the mismatch between data availability and accuracy on one hand, and model and user requirements on the other. This could be achieved by integrating imagery with different spatial, temporal, spectral, and angular resolutions, and the fusion of optical data with data of different origin, such as LIDAR and radar/microwave.  相似文献   

伴随同化系统中用云导风修正模式地形的试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何芬  沈桐立  贺哲  赖绍钧  马镜娴 《高原气象》2007,26(2):300-308

以2002年7月23日的天气过程为例,利用中尺度模式MM5伴随模式同化系统,进行了修正模式地形高度的试验研究。结果发现,MM5伴随模式同化系统可以对地形进行修正,并得到与资料更为协调一致的地形高度。另外,利用非常规云导风资料能够比仅使用常规资料更有效地修正模式地形高度。将修正后的地形场作为模式地形,所得的预报结果比未经修正的地形有所改进。  相似文献   

Impact of 4DVAR Assimilation of Rainfall Data on the Simulation of Mesoscale Precipitation Systems in a Mei-yu Heavy Rainfall Event   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

储可宽  谈哲敏 《大气科学进展》2007,24(2):281-300

The multi-scale weather systems associated with a mei-yu front and the corresponding heavy precipitation during a particular heavy rainfall event that occurred on 4 5 July 2003 in east China were successfully simulated through rainfall assimilation using the PSU/NCAR non-hydrostatic, mesoscale, numerical model （MM5） and its four-dimensional, variational, data assimilation （4DVAR） system. For this case, the improvement of the process via the 4DVAR rainfall assimilation into the simulation of mesoscale precipitation systems is investigated. With the rainfall assimilation, the convection is triggered at the right location and time, and the evolution and spatial distribution of the mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） are also more correctly simulated. Through the interactions between MCSs and the weather systems at different scales, including the low-level jet and mei-yu front, the simulation of the entire mei-yu weather system is significantly improved, both during the data assimilation window and the subsequent 12-h period. The results suggest that the rainfall assimilation first provides positive impact at the convective scale and the influences are then propagated upscale to the meso- and sub-synoptic scales.
Through a set of sensitive experiments designed to evaluate the impact of different initial variables on the simulation of mei-yu heavy rainfall, it was found that the moisture field and meridional wind had the strongest effect during the convection initialization stage, however, after the convection was fully triggered, all of the variables at the initial condition seemed to have comparable importance.  相似文献   

复杂地形下地面观测资料同化II. 模式地形与观测站地形高度差异代表性误差   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

徐枝芳  龚建东  王建捷 《大气科学》2007,31(3):449-458

第I部分研究结果(徐枝芳等,2007)表明模式与实际观测站地形高度差异对地面观测资料同化效果有较大影响。此文在MM5_3DVAR同化系统中利用近地层相似理论将地面观测资料进行直接三维变分同化分析,考虑模式与实际观测站地形高度差异对同化效果的影响,提出在地面观测误差中增加地形代表性误差来解决这个问题。研究结果表明:地面资料同化分析时,在其观测误差中加入一项新的误差——地形代表性误差,能较好地解决地面资料同化分析中模式与观测站地形高度差异问题;地面资料参与同化分析,在观测误差中加入与模式和实际观测站地形高度差异大小相关的地形代表性误差时,地面观测值对分析值的影响随着地形高度差异代表性误差的加入而减小,同时又部分地将地面观测信息通过变分分析融进分析场,使得低层分析更接近真实场,且地面资料利用率更高,24小时降水数值预报(模拟)的效果较好。  相似文献   

"龙王"(LONGWANG)台风过程湿位涡的诊断分析   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

赖绍钧  何芬  赵汝汀  沈桐立  吴启树 《气象科学》2007,27(3):266-271

本文应用MM5V3中尺度数值模式对0519号台风“龙王”过程进行了数值模拟,利用模拟结果计算了台风过程湿位涡(Moist Potential Vorticity,MPV)的演变,从湿位涡的角度研究了台风过程大暴雨的产生机制。结果表明:倾斜涡度发展是“龙王”台风在福建沿海产生大暴雨的重要机制之一,湿位涡能够对暴雨落区的预报有较强的指示性作用,暴雨产生在θse线陡立的对流层中低层MPV1等值线密集带中零线附近,对流层中高层的MPV2负值区可以作为暖湿气流或涡旋活动的示踪;另外,对流层中高层中高纬度冷空气扩散南下与台风的东南暖湿空气在福建沿海交汇,加剧了气旋性涡度发展,对暴雨的发生发展也有巨大的作用。  相似文献   

复杂地形下地面观测资料同化I. 模式地形与观测站地形高度差异对地面资料同化的影响研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

徐枝芳  龚建东  王建捷 《大气科学》2007,31(2):222-232

中国地形复杂，模式地形与实际观测地形存在一定高度差异，因此设计合理的复杂地形下地面观测资料的同化方案有利于使我国目前仅用作探测手段的地面观测资料（常规地面观测站和地面自动站）在中尺度数值模式中得到充分利用。作者在MM5_3DVAR同化系统中利用近地层相似理论将地面观测资料进行直接三维变分同化分析，并对地面资料同化方案设计中是否需要考虑模式与实际观测站地形高度差异进行探讨研究。研究结果表明：通过近地层相似理论将地面观测资料同化到数值模式能起到一定的作用，并且地面观测资料（温度、 湿度、 风场、 地面气压）中各物理量同化到数值模式都能影响24小时降水数值结果，但各物理量起的作用大小不一样，其中影响最大的是温度，其次为湿度；地面观测资料同化方案设计有必要考虑模式地形与实际观测站地形高度差异，适当考虑这种高度差异能取得较好的结果。  相似文献   

集合敏感性分析在北半球中纬度高影响天气中的应用     

郑明华  杜钧  Brian A.Colle 《气象科学进展》2020,10(2):42-57

总结回顾了集合敏感性分析(ESA)在诊断中纬度高影响天气预报不确定性中的应用。作为一个简单高效且不需要大量计算资源的方法,集合敏感性分析主要被应用在中纬度气旋、台风或飓风的温带转换,以及在强对流过程中诊断预报误差和不确定性的来源。集合敏感性方法极有灵活性,可以根据实际需要改变不同的预报变量和初始场。在对2010年美国东岸圣诞节暴风雪的分析中,集合敏感性分析通过三种形式来诊断了预报不确定性的初值敏感性,即基于EOF分析的敏感性、预报差别的敏感性,以及基于短期预报误差的向前积分敏感性回归。三种方法证实气旋路径的不确定性主要和位于美国南部大平原的短波槽初始误差相关。此外,气旋强度的不确定性还和产生于北太平洋向下游延伸的罗斯贝波列相关。集合敏感性分析方法对于分析中纬度气旋的不确定性、诊断初值敏感性、分析误差发展机制都非常有效。集合敏感性分析也被应用于分析台风/飓风的温带气旋转换过程的不确定性。在对2019年美国首个主要登陆台风Dorian的分析中发现,加拿大CMC的集合预报主要不确定性来自于强度的不确定性,而这个不确定性与初始时刻的大尺度环流型有关,较连贯的信号可以追溯至东北太平洋的前倾槽。而NCEP和ECMWF的不确定性主要在于气旋位置的东北—西南向移动,而敏感性主要和飓风系统本身(即其北部低压区和中纬度槽)的锁相有关。分析结果进一步验证了集合敏感性分析对诊断模式之间的不一致性,以及模式成员之间不一致性的不确定性来源和发展过程的可靠性。集合敏感性分析方法综合了集合预报、资料同化和敏感性分析,因此对于资料同化技术改进、诊断模式误差(或者缺陷)、附加(目标)观测最优策略,以及评估观测对预报的影响等都有重要意义。同时可以更有效地利用集合预报信息,帮助预报员提高情景意识,最终减少高影响天气预报中的决策失误。  相似文献   

A VARIATIONAL METHOD FOR COMPUTING POTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRAVIMETRIC DATA     

GUO Junyi  Associate Professor  Laboratory for Modern Geodynamics  WTUSM  Wuhan  China   《地球空间信息科学学报》1998,(1)

In this paper,a variational method is presented for solving theclassical gravimetric,satellite gravimetric and satellite altimetric mixed typeboudary value problem to obtain the potential coefficients.According to thisprinciple,classical gravimetric data（height measured by geometric levelling orheight triangulation）,satellite gravimetric data（height measured by satellitegeodesy technique）and satellite altimetric data can be used jointly to calculate thepotential coefficients.  相似文献   

Crustal contamination and fluid/rock interaction in the carbonatites of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain): a C, O, H isotope study   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

A. Dem  ny  A. Ahijado  R. Casillas  T. W. Vennemann 《Lithos》1998,44(3-4):101-115

Fuerteventura—the second largest of the Canary Islands consists of Mesozoic sediments, submarine volcanic rocks, dike swarms and plutons of the Basal Complex, and younger subaerial basaltic and trachytic series. Carbonatites are found in two Basal Complex exposures: the Betancuria Massif in the central part of the island and the Esquinzo area in the north. values of the carbonatites increase progressively from south to north of the island. This phenomenon is attributed to different degrees of assimilation of sedimentary carbonate. Homogeneous, typically magmatic values for carbonatites which have preserved primary igneous textures and minerals suggest a well-mixed reservoir where changes in values result from the storage of carbonate magmas at different structural levels. The magma storage allowed assimilation of sediment to varying degrees before final emplacement of carbonatites. Shifts in towards more positive and negative values from presumed primary compositions are observed in the carbonatites. On the basis of the oxygen isotope compositions of calcite, mica and K-feldspar, and the hydrogen isotope compositions of micas, the changes in the values of the carbonatites can be related to fluid/rock interactions.  相似文献