Volume estimation of small scale debris flows based on observations of topographic changes using airborne LiDAR DEMs     

Hosung Kim  Seung Woo Lee  Chan-Young Yune  Gihong Kim 《山地科学学报》2014,11(3):578-591

This paper describes a geographic information system(GIS)-based method for observing changes in topography caused by the initiation, transport, and deposition of debris flows using highresolution light detection and ranging(LiDAR) digital elevation models(DEMs) obtained before and after the debris flow events. The paper also describes a method for estimating the volume of debris flows using the differences between the LiDAR DEMs. The relative and absolute positioning accuracies of the LiDAR DEMs were evaluated using a real-time precise global navigation satellite system(GNSS) positioning method. In addition, longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of the study area were constructed to determine the topographic changes caused by the debris flows. The volume of the debris flows was estimated based on the difference between the LiDAR DEMs. The accuracies of the relative and absolute positioning of the two LiDAR DEMs were determined to be ±10 cm and ±11 cm RMSE, respectively, which demonstrates the efficiency of the method for determining topographic changes at an scale equivalent to that of field investigations. Based on the topographic changes, the volume of the debris flows in the study area was estimated to be 3747 m3, which is comparable with the volume estimated based on the data from field investigations.  相似文献   

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����  ����  ��־��  ���³�  ��� 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(5):114-119

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张锐  刘志广  占伟  梁洪宝  师宏波  王友  董彦知  李瑜 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(2):31-35

????????????????GNSS??????????????о???????????1???????????????????仯?????????????仯????????仯???????仯?й??2???????????????????????????????????????????????仯????????С??3?????3.5 m????????????????????????????????????????  相似文献   

电离层闪烁对GNSS接收机性能影响比较分析     

李广  刘钝 《全球定位系统》2014,(6):33-37

电离层闪烁是引起GNSS接收机性能降低甚至失锁的重要环境干扰因素。利用实测数据,比较分析了不同电离层闪烁活动强度下,不同GNSS系统（BD和GPS）接收机的定位性能。结果表明：电离层闪烁较弱时（S4〈0．3）,两种接收机均可以实现基本的定位功能;电离层闪烁较强（S4〉0.7）,且持续时间较长时,不同GNSS接收机将出现定位结果的抖动、跳变或失去定位能力;GNSS接收机应对电离层闪烁影响的能力与接收机设计相关。研究结果可作为抗闪烁接收机开发或闪烁影响分级的参考。  相似文献   

Planetary-Scale Wave Structures of the Earth’s Atmosphere Revealed from the COSMIC Observations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

S. K. A. V. Prasad Rao ANISETTY  P. S. BRAHMANANDAM  G. UMA  A. Narendra BABU  HUANG Ching-Yuang  G. Anil KUMAR  S. Tulasi RAM  WANG Hsiao-Lan  CHU Yen-Hsyang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(2):281-295

GPS radio occultation（GPS RO） method,an active satellite-to-satellite remote sensing technique,is capable of producing accurate,all-weather,round the clock,global refractive index,density,pressure,and temperature profiles of the troposphere and stratosphere.This study presents planetary-scale equatorially trapped Kelvin waves in temperature profiles retrieved using COSMIC（Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate） satellites during 2006-2009 and their interactions with background atmospheric conditions.It is found that the Kelvin waves are not only associated with wave periods of higher than 10 days（slow Kelvin waves） with higher zonal wave numbers（either 1 or 2）,but also possessing downward phase progression,giving evidence that the source regions of them are located at lower altitudes.A thorough verification of outgoing longwave radiation（OLR） reveals that deep convection activity has developed regularly over the Indonesian region,suggesting that the Kelvin waves are driven by the convective activity.The derived Kelvin waves show enhanced（diminished） tendencies during westward（eastward） phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation（QBO） in zonal winds,implying a mutual relation between both of them.The El Nino and Southern Oscillation（ENSO） below 18 km and the QBO features between 18 and 27km in temperature profiles are observed during May 2006-May 2010 with the help of an adaptive data analysis technique known as Hilbert Huang Transform（HHT）.Further,temperature anomalies computed using COSMIC retrieved temperatures are critically evaluated during different phases of ENSO,which has revealed interesting results and are discussed in light of available literature.  相似文献   

超高层建筑精密施工测量关键技术     

杨伯钢  张译  谢燕峰  吴霜 《测绘通报》2022,(9):134-140

针对传统的测量技术无法满足超高复杂结构建设的要求,根据超高层建筑工程的特点和难点,通过对我国范围内的超高层建筑施工测量技术的总结,本文研发了新仪器设备并提出了超高层标高高精度自动传递工艺方法,探索了一套我国“千米”超高层建筑精密施工测量的关键技术。结合GNSS 定位技术与智能化全站仪等多项新技术,获得高质量高精度测量基准、精确施工控制点及快速高精度的监测点位,将GNSS技术应用于超高层建筑施工监测是精密工程测量的突破,应用前景广阔。  相似文献   

iCAP 6300电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪的常规维护方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵庆令  李清彩 《岩矿测试》2014,33(5):767-772

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪在使用过程中,由于控制气体流量的电磁阀出现机械性移位,致使工作气流量过于偏大或偏小,对进样系统及分析数据产生不利影响;长期频繁使用条件下,由于控制光学系统的机械定位装置的磨损,致使谱峰坐标偏离而影响仪器灵敏度;很长时间不能"引燃"等离子体,检查进样系统和氩气纯度并没有发现异常,需要验证RF发生器有无功率输出时有一定的困难;在等离子体工作时产生的高温尾气的长期作用下,难免造成点火头末端铜丝的锈蚀,致使点火头放电微弱,不能"引燃"等离子体。因此,为保证仪器的正常运行,提高工作效率,确保检测数据的准确度,实验室应建立健全电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪维护保养方案,解决上述问题。本文结合实际工作经验,以iCAP 6300电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪为例,提出可以借助"Manufacturing and Service.exe"程序校正工作气流量,验证RF发生器是否输出功率;利用C 193.091 nm谱线为基准校正谱线修正CID检测器的谱峰坐标系统;另外,对点火头、分析软件数据库及主机灰尘的清理也进行了详细的维护说明,这些措施有益于保障仪器的性能及提高设备的利用率。  相似文献   

基于精选基准消秩亏的GNSS参考网数据处理方法     

张宝成  欧吉坤  袁运斌 《测绘学报》2014,43(9):895-901

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）参考网多用于估计卫星轨道/钟差、监测地表形变和速度场、确定精密地球自转参数等方面。相关数据处理模式包括：双差基线解（DD）和非差精密单点定位（PPP）等。本文首先从GNSS基本观测方程出发,通过选取两组基准参数,导出了上述两模式下的列满秩观测方程,然后分析了它们的不足,例如：相位偏差在DD模式中吸收了钟差,丧失了时不变特性;模糊度在PPP模式中吸收了相位偏差,失去了整数性。基于上述分析,本文提出了一种新的参考网数据处理方案,以充分融合DD和PPP模式的优势。它的关键策略是精选基准参数,以达到消秩亏的目的,具体优点体现在：相位偏差独立可估,若合理约束为时不变参数,可充分减少参数个数,提高网解精度;待估模糊度具备整周特性,经由模糊度固定,可改善网解可靠性。  相似文献   

GNSS与三角高程在公路跨河中的应用分析     

马山松 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(8):179-180

主要研究利用GNSS无约束平差控制网数据和三角高程进行跨河高程测量,结合电子水准仪运用常规水准测量的方法测得高差,通过对比三种跨河水准测量,分析GNSS跨河高程测量与三角高程测量数据精度,从而依实际工作环境选择最优的跨河方式。  相似文献   

GNSS RTK技术在农村集体土地所有权调查中的运用与精度分析     

董治方 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(5):137-139

在农村集体土地所有权调查中,针对不同类型界址点,采取不同方式进行GNSS RTK实地测量,并通过不同型号的GNSS RTK接收机进行坐标检测,探讨在郊区农村地区GNSS RTK碎步点测量精度及误差。  相似文献