Projection of global warming onto regional precipitation over Mongolia using a regional climate model   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Tomonori Sato  Fujio Kimura 《Journal of Hydrology》2007,333(1):144-154

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Effects of local site and building parameters on damage distribution in Angra do Heroísmo—Azores     

Paula Teves-Costa  Carlos S. Oliveira  M. Luisa Senos 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2007,27(11):986-999

During the M_w=6.9 January 1, 1980 earthquake in the Azores, the damage distribution in the town of Angra do Heroísmo, in Terceira Island, had a non-homogeneous spatial character. In order to understand the observed pattern of damage a microtremor survey was carried out, using ambient vibrations, and the data were analysed with the J-Sesame software, following the H/V Nakamura methodology. The results are in good agreement with the surface geology and they show a good correlation with the observed damages. Two building surveys were performed, in 1980 on damage evaluation and in 2000 on characterization of few building parameters. With all these elements (surface geology type, soil peak frequency, building type, number of stories and damage level) for 2111 buildings it was possible to perform several interparameter analysis, which enabled the identification of indicators that could be used to improve the damage estimation for future events.  相似文献   

Attenuation in the uppermost inner core from PKP recordings at African seismological stations     

M. Ivan  G. R. Moloto-A-Kenguemba 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2007,51(2):221-230

The attenuation factor Q_P at the top of the inner core is evaluated by using the amplitude spectral ratio of PKPdf and PKPbc phases observed at African stations (BGCA mostly), from strong deep earthquakes in the Pacific Ocean area. The maximum depth of penetration of the PKPdf phase into the inner core (IC) is roughly 377 km, and the sampled region of IC is centered beneath the Southern Indian Ocean. The derived mean value of Q_P is 249 ± 31 (95% confidence level) in the frequency range 0.2–2 Hz, where no frequency dependence of attenuation has been reliably observed. By using Student’s t-test, we show that the value is statistically significantly different (with a probability greater than 95%) from other mean values of Q derived by using the same method, for both the western (180 °W to 40 °E) and eastern (40 °E to 180 °E) hemispheres of the IC. The decrease of Q with the radius of the turning point (denoted by r^TP), according to Q_P = 840 − 0.62 r^TP, has a moderate statistical support (the R-squared value is 38%). A slightly increase of Q as a function of the angle of the PKPdf path within the inner core with respect to the Earth’s spin axis is observed, in agreement with various investigations performed in the time domain. However, the value of the anisotropy, if any, is suggested to be around 3%.  相似文献   

基于自动搜索和光谱匹配技术的训练样本纯化算法     

王毅  张良培  李平湘 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(3):216-219

提出了一种基于局部自动搜索和光谱匹配技术的监督分类训练样本的纯化方法。该方法首先利用遥感影像中像元的灰度信息在图像上局部范围内自动搜索和选择最佳样区位置，然后利用光谱匹配的思想对寻找到的最佳样区在光谱空间上进一步纯化。实验结果证明，通过手工选择样区的辅助，该算法能够自动有效地搜寻到最佳样区的位置，并对最佳样区进行纯化处理。原始遥感图像经过本文的样区纯化算法处理后，无论是目视判读效果，还是分类后混淆矩阵的统计及分类精度，均优于纯化处理前的分类结果，具有一定的实用价值。  相似文献   

IGS测站的非线性变化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚宜斌  施闯 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(5):423-426

基于坐标模式的广义网平差模型，利用IGS发布的对GPS全球站处理后形成的单天解SINEX文件，通过自编软件计算了IGS测站的时间序列，并发现IGS测站存在非线性变化。利用频谱分析方法得出了IGS测站存在年周期或半年周期的变化，同时利用经验模型建立了IGS测站的测站速度函数。指出了仅利用1个线性量估计IGS跟踪站的速度值会存在偏差，应建立周期性变化模型，或采用分段线性化的方法，每隔一定的时间给出1个对应的速度。  相似文献   

An isostatically compensated gravity model using spherical layer distributions     

D. Tsoulis  B. Stary 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,78(7-8):418-424

A new isostatic model for the Earths gravity field is presented based on a simple hypothesis of layers approximating constant density contrasts. The spherical layer distribution used to describe the hydrostatic equilibrium of the Earths masses leads to a new set of spherical harmonic coefficients for the gravitational potential. First attempts to quantify the information content of these coefficients led to the outcome that they seem to explain the observed gravity field for a certain wavelength band, while they are insufficient for short and very long wavelengths. A synthesis of the derived coefficients over specific degree ranges provided a computation of band-limited geoid undulations on a global scale. The association of these potential quantities with known tectonic structures, such as the topography of the core–mantle boundary, strengthens the belief that the interpretation of Earth gravity models, especially those arising from global digital elevation models, should be considered in close relation with deep-Earth structure.  相似文献   

Reliability of Ambient Noise Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio in Urban Environments: The Case of Thessaloniki City (Northern Greece)     

A. A. Panou  N.P. Theodulidis  P.M. Hatzidimitriou  A.S. Savvaidis  C.B. Papazachos 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(5):891-912

In the framework of an ambient noise measurement project in the downtown district of the City of Thessaloniki (Northern Greece), several tests and evaluation of noise recordings were performed in selected sites. This data set was processed and compared with previous results for the same sites in terms of horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio obtained from weak and strong motion earthquake data. The recording system used was tested against a reference one. Finally, systematic ambient noise measurements were performed at eight sites in the citys downtown area, to evaluate diurnal and seasonal variations. It was concluded that the recording system used was reliable and the ambient noise H/V spectral ratios were in good agreement with relevant results previously obtained. Diurnal variation of the ambient noise H/V spectral ratio showed that it is preferable to perform measurements during the calm hours of the day, when man-made noise is relatively low. However, no systematic seasonal fluctuation effect on the ambient noise H/V spectral ratio was identified.  相似文献   

Molecular Line Parameters for the “MASTER” (Millimeter Wave Acquisitions for Stratosphere/Troposphere Exchange Research) Database     

A.?PerrinEmail author  C.?Puzzarini  J.-M.?Colmont  C.?Verdes  G.?Wlodarczak  G.?Cazzoli  S.?Buehler  J.-M.?Flaud  J.?Demaison 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,51(2):161-205

In order to investigate the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) region of the earth's atmosphere, ESA/ESTEC (European space agency) is considering the opportunity to develop the spaceborne limb sounding millimeter sensor “MASTER” (millimeter wave acquisitions for stratosphere/troposphere exchange research). This instrument is part of the “atmospheric composition explorer for chemistry and climate interactions” (ACECHEM) project. In addition, ESA/ESTEC is developing the “MARSCHALS” (millimeter-wave airborne receiver for spectroscopic characterization of atmospheric limb sounding) airborne instrument which will demonstrate the feasibility of MASTER. The present paper describes the line-by-line database which was generated in order to meet at best the needs of the MASTER (or MARSCHALS) instrument. The linelist involves line positions, line intensities, line broadening and line shift parameters in the 294–305, 316–325, 342–348, 497–506 and 624–626 GHz spectral microwindows. This database was first generated for the target molecules for MASTER (H₂O, O₃, N₂O, CO, O₂, HNO₃, HCl, ClO, CH₃Cl, BrO). In addition, ten additional molecules (SO₂, NO₂, OCS, H₂CO, HOCl, HCN, H₂O₂, COF₂, HO₂ and HOBr) had also to be considered in the database as “possible interfering species” for the retrieval of the target molecules of MASTER. The line parameters were derived, depending on their estimated accuracy, (i) from a combination of spectral parameters included in the JPL and HITRAN catalogs (ii) from data taken into the literature or (iii) using data obtained through experimental measurements (and/or) calculations performed during the present study.  相似文献   

中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场   总被引：64，自引：6，他引：58  

王琪  张培震  马宗晋 《地学前缘》2002,9(2):415-429

利用 1991— 1999年间 36 2个全球定位系统 (GPS)测站的观测资料 ,初步获得了中国大陆及周边地区现今地壳水平运动的统一速度场。该速度场主要涵盖青藏高原 ,天山 ,塔里木、川滇 ,河西走廊 ,福建东南沿海等重要构造活动区 ,测定精度总体优于 2～ 3mm/a ,速度场站点的分布和测定精度基本上满足中国大陆现今构造变形和动力学研究的需求。现代大地测量第一次比较全面、定量地展示出中国大陆在周边板块作用下大幅度构造变形的图像 ,为模拟大陆岩石圈动力过程提供了基础性的运动学约束条件。  相似文献   

A site effect study in the Verchiano valley during the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Central Italy) earthquakes     

Stéphane Gaffet  Giovanna Cultrera  Michel Dietrich  Françoise Courboulex  Fabrizio Marra  Michel Bouchon  Arrigo Caserta  Cécile Cornou  Anne Deschamps  Jean-Paul Glot  Robert Guiguet 《Journal of Seismology》2000,4(4):525-541

Strong site effects were observed during the two M _W 5.7 and M _W 6.0 main shocks of the Colfiorito seismic crisis which occured on September 26, 1997 in Umbria-Marche (Central Italy).The most obvious indications of these effects are the dramatic differences in damage shown by buildings of similar construction in neighboring villages.Such observations were specifically made in the Verchiano valley in the fault area, 15 km south of Colfiorito where the Verchiano village and the Colle and Camino hamlets were heavily damaged (MCS intensity IX-X) since the first main shock of 1997/09/26,while in contrast, the Curasci village located 2 km eastwards remains almost intact.In order to study the anomalous ground motion amplifications in this area, an array of 11, 3-components seismo- and accelero-meters was set up during the 1997/10/20-24 period, extending from the western side of the valley, up to the top of Mount San Salvatore, going accross the Colle and Curasci hamlets.During the experiment, 67 aftershocks enlightened the valley from the Colfiorito (10 km north) and the Sellano (6 km south) active swarms.Seismic refraction experiments were conducted at the same time in the 500 m wide, 1500 m long Verchiano valley in order to determine the thickness and main characteristics of the alluvial infilling.The main results are: (i) compared to the valley side ground motion, and for all the events, recordings in the central part of the valley (piana di Verchiano) show relative amplification of 10 with a clear lengthening of the seismogram duration by a factor of 2 – (ii) broad band relative amplification of 6–8 is also clearly identified at the top of the Mount San Salvatore overhanging the valley – (iii) any of the site effect measurements done explains by itself the strongly contrasted damage observed at Colle and Curasci: i.e. the modification of the near-field radiation pattern by interaction with the free heterogeneous surface may have induced local shadow zones that saved Curasci.  相似文献