松辽盆地北部三分量地震勘探方法及效果     

贾志新  金抒辛 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1999,29(3):303-306

松辽盆地北部三分量地震勘探的主要任务是检测天然气的分布范围,预测岩性油气藏。三分量地震勘探的最大难点是采集上压制随机干扰,处理上去除转换波剖面上同相轴的人为的直立错断（由于通常处理软件不佳引起）。着重介绍了三分量地震勘探的采集原理和处理方法。本次试验取得了良好的三分量剖面。  相似文献   

A need for incentivizing field hydrology,especially in an era of open data: discussion of “The role of experimental work in hydrological sciences – insights from a community survey”*     

Scott T. Allen  Wouter R. Berghuijs 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(Z2):1262-1265

ABSTRACT

The sharing of data and collection of new data are both essential, but they are not inherently complementary. When data are openly available, researchers may be motivated to use those data rather than collect more because field work has costs and risks. The competitive advantage to those who do not put resources towards fieldwork may discourage field hydrology. Allocating efforts towards generating field data, which benefits hydrological sciences, is not necessarily best for individual hydrologists, especially in an era of open data. The objective of this work is to open a conversation on whether individuals’ best interests may contrast with the community’s desire for new observations. If the community wants new field observations, there is a need to consider the shifting balance of incentives and disincentives for pursuing field studies in hydrology.  相似文献   

Incentives for field hydrology and data sharing: collaboration and compensation: reply to “A need for incentivizing field hydrology,especially in an era of open data”*     

Theresa Blume  Ilja van Meerveld  Markus Weiler 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(Z2):1266-1268

ABSTRACT

We thank Allen and Berghuijs for continuing the discussion on field hydrology and data sharing and discuss two incentives to promote data collection and sharing in hydrological sciences: a collaborative attitude and additional funding to make data publicly available.  相似文献   

Internet-based applications for interrogating 50 years of data from the South African national water quality monitoring network     

Michael Silberbauer 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(5):726-734

ABSTRACT

National and regional water quality monitoring networks have been operated in South Africa since the early 1970s. These originally had text-based inventories that were convenient for specialists who were familiar with the national networks and knew the locations of their sites of interest. However, within two decades the networks had expanded in geographical extent and variables monitored to such an extent that users needed spatial context in order to locate sites that fitted their information requirements. Mapping applications running on the Internet, such as Google Earth and Leaflet, form the foundation of a system for providing online inventories and summaries of the data available on the water quality database. The interfaces were constructed using available software, mainly ArcInfo and R. A recent concern is a decrease in the collection of water quality data, which is reducing the value of data summaries for water resource management.  相似文献   

Lessons learnt from checking the quality of openly accessible river flow data worldwide     

L. Crochemore  K. Isberg  R. Pimentel  L. Pineda  A. Hasan  B. Arheimer 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(5):699-711

ABSTRACT

Advances in open data science serve large-scale model developments and, subsequently, hydroclimate services. Local river flow observations are key in hydrology but data sharing remains limited due to unclear quality, or to political, economic or infrastructure reasons. This paper provides methods for quality checking openly accessible river-flow time series. Availability, outliers, homogeneity and trends were assessed in 21 586 time series from 13 data providers worldwide. We found a decrease in data availability since the 1980s, scarce open information in southern Asia, the Middle East and North and Central Africa, and significant river-flow trends in Africa, Australia, southwest Europe and Southeast Asia. We distinguish numerical outliers from high-flow peaks, and integrate all investigated quality characteristics in a composite indicator. We stress the need to maintain existing gauging networks, and highlight opportunities in extending existing global databases, understanding drivers for trends and inhomogeneity, and in innovative acquisition methods in data-scarce regions.  相似文献   

Large-sample hydrology: recent progress,guidelines for new datasets and grand challenges     

Nans Addor  Hong X. Do  Camila Alvarez-Garreton  Gemma Coxon  Keirnan Fowler  Pablo A. Mendoza 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(5):712-725

ABSTRACT

Large-sample hydrology (LSH) relies on data from large sets (tens to thousands) of catchments to go beyond individual case studies and derive robust conclusions on hydrological processes and models. Numerous LSH datasets have recently been released, covering a wide range of regions and relying on increasingly diverse data sources to characterize catchment behaviour. These datasets offer novel opportunities, yet they are also limited by their lack of comparability, uncertainty estimates and characterization of human impacts. This article (i) underscores the key role of LSH datasets in hydrological studies, (ii) provides a review of currently available LSH datasets, (iii) highlights current limitations of LSH datasets and (iv) proposes guidelines and coordinated actions to overcome these limitations. These guidelines and actions aim to standardize and automatize the creation of LSH datasets worldwide, and to enhance the reproducibility and comparability of hydrological studies.  相似文献   

Approaches to analyse and model changes in impacts: reply to discussions of “How to improve attribution of changes in drought and flood impacts”*     

Heidi Kreibich  Veit Blauhut  Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts  Laurens M. Bouwer  Henny A. J. Van Lanen  Alfonso Mejia 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(3):491-494

ABSTRACT

We thank the authors, Brunella Bonaccorso and Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen for their constructive contributions to the discussion about the attribution of changes in drought and flood impacts. We appreciate that they support our opinion, but in particular their additional new ideas on how to better understand changes in impacts. It is great that they challenge us to think a step further on how to foster the collection of long time series of data and how to use these to model and project changes. Here, we elaborate on the possibility to collect time series of data on hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts and how these could be used to improve e.g. socio-hydrological models for the development of future risk scenarios.  相似文献   

洱源FD-105K与FD-125测氡仪对比观测分析     

段美芳  李庆  陆丽娜  字承柱  李燕池 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(2):123-129

选取2015—2019年洱源水化站FD-105K与FD-125测氡仪对比观测资料,采用一阶差分、F检验、t检验等方法进行对比分析,结果显示:FD-125测氡仪测值总体偏低,且测量精度较低,数据离散程度较高;2套观测数据变化趋势一致性不理想,相关性较低,未通过F检验和t检验。综合分析认为,FD-125测氡仪暂时不能替代FD-105K测氡仪进行观测,需要增加震例对2套仪器的映震效能进行验证。  相似文献