微波等离子体原子发射光谱法测定偏远矿区海泡石中的主微量元素     

周学忠  谢华林 《岩矿测试》2021,(5):680-687

海泡石是具有层状结构的含水富镁硅酸盐黏土矿物,其中无机元素含量是揭示其成矿物质来源、成矿流体性质和矿床成因的重要依据,通常采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法(ICP-OES/MS)进行测定,等离子体(ICP)的高温激发会产生成大量谱线干扰,维持ICP稳定工作需使用高纯氩气,持续供气对于偏远矿区海泡石的检测还将面对气体采购和运输不便的问题。本文基于微波等离子体原子发射光谱(MP-AES)的低温激发技术减少光谱干扰,建立了准确测定偏远矿区海泡石中主量元素Mg、Al、Ca、Fe、K、Na和微量元素Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb含量的分析方法。利用硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸混合酸对海泡石进行微波消解,避免了样品处理过程中分析元素的损失,加快了样品处理速度,同时提高了样品溶液的稳定性。通过选择各元素光谱线的分析波长,并利用快速线性干扰校正(FLIC)技术校正光谱干扰,以Lu为内标元素校正基体效应,提高了灵敏度和准确度。各元素的检出限为0.19～14.6μg/L。海泡石国家标准物质(GBW07138)各元素测定值与认定值的相对误差在-5.0%～6.7%之间。本方法具有检出限低、线性范围宽、结果准确等优点;MP-AES采用自带的氮气发生器为等离子体提供氮气作为工作气,无需引入复杂气体,提高了分析效率,尤其适用于气体采购和运输不便的偏远矿区。  相似文献   

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中稀土元素条件优化     

张祎玮  蒋俊平  李浩  沈讷敏 《岩石矿物学杂志》2021,40(3):605-613

稀土元素因其用途广泛,已经得到了越来越多的关注,被应用于各个行业。研究表明,稀土元素对作物的光合作用、产量、抗逆、品质、发育和养分吸收等具有重要作用。作物中的稀土元素主要来自对土壤中稀土元素的吸收,因此,有效分解并快速测定土壤中的稀土元素,可以合理指导稀土元素的施用,对作物的生长和土壤的营养状况具有重要作用。本文比较了敞口酸溶、密闭消解、微波消解和碱熔等4种消解样品前处理方法,最终确定采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)快速测定土壤中的稀土元素,并通过优化微波消解的条件,选择合适的试剂用量、消解温度、消解时间,对方法的检出限、精密度、准确度、回收率进行了实验,结果显示其测定均值与标准值基本吻合,相对误差(RE)绝对值为0.16%～3.39%,精密度为0.27%～5.09%,均小于10%,加标回收率为93.1%～106.0%。该方法准确度高、稳定性好,可以有效地应用于土壤中稀土元素的分析测定。  相似文献   

六盘山区夏秋季大气水汽和液态水特征初步分析     

田磊  桑建人  姚展予  常倬林  单新兰  曹宁  孙艳桥 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(6):28-37

六盘山区是中国典型的农牧交错带和生态脆弱带,也是黄土高原重要的水源涵养地、生态保护区及国家级扶贫开发区。利用2017年6-11月隆德气象站地基多通道微波辐射计资料,结合同期平凉探空站及隆德地面降水等观测资料,分析了六盘山区夏秋季大气水汽、液态水变化特征。结果表明：六盘山区夏秋季在降水天气背景下,大气水汽含量和液态水含量均较高,分别为无降水天气背景下的1.4倍和7.0倍;降水天气背景下水汽在5000 m以下有明显的增加,且在此高度范围内的水汽密度随高度的递减率比无降水天气背景下明显偏小;各高度层的液态水相比无降水天气背景下均有明显增大,除6月外,主峰值均出现在0℃层高度层以下。六盘山区夏秋季各月中,6-9月。大气水汽含量高值区均出现在正午到傍晚时段,低值区均出现在日出前后;液态水含量在日出前、午后及傍晚分别出现峰值,最明显的峰值出现在午后。对一次对流性降水天气过程分析后发现,降水发生前40 min大气水汽含量和液态水含量出现两次明显的跃增,水汽向上输送不断加强,2500-7500 m高度的相对湿度明显增大。  相似文献   

Latitudinal and Scan-dependent Biases of Microwave Humidity Sounder Measurements and Their Dependences on Cloud Ice Water Path     

Anqi CAI  Xiaolei ZOU 《大气科学进展》2019,36(5):557-569

The relationship between differences in microwave humidity sounder(MHS)–channel biases which represent measured brightness temperatures and model-simulated brightness temperatures, and cloud ice water path(IWP) as well as the influence of the cloud liquid water path(LWP) on the relationship is examined. Seven years(2011–17) of NOAA-18 MHS-derived measured brightness temperatures and IWP/LWP data generated by the NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System Microwave Surface and Precipitation Products System are used. The Community Radiative Transfer Model, version2.2.4, is used to simulate model-simulated brightness temperatures using European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data as background fields. Scan-angle deviations of the MHS window channel biases range from-1.7 K to1.0 K. The relationships between channels 2, 4, and 5 biases and scan angle are symmetrical about the nadir. The latitudedependent deviations of MHS window channel biases are positive and range from 0–7 K. For MHS non-window channels,the latitudinal deviations between measured brightness temperatures and model-simulated brightness temperatures are larger when the detection height is higher. No systematic warm or cold deviations are found in the global spatial distribution of difference between measured brightness temperatures and model-simulated brightness temperatures over oceans after removing scan-angle and latitudinal deviations. The corrected biases of five different MHS channels decrease differently with respect to the increase in IWP. This decrease is stronger when LWP values are higher.  相似文献   

Passive microwave remote sensing of the historic February 2010 snowstorms in the Middle Atlantic region of the USA     

James L. Foster  Gail Skofronick‐Jackson  Huan Meng  James R. Wang  George Riggs  Paul J. Kocin  Benjamin T. Johnson  Judah Cohen  Dorothy K. Hall  Son V. Nghiem 《水文研究》2012,26(22):3459-3471

The snowfall in the Baltimore/Washington metropolitan area during the winter of 2009/2010 was unprecedented and caused serious snow‐related disruptions. In February 2010, snowfall totals approached 2 m, and because maximum temperatures were consistently below normal, snow remained on the ground the entire month. One of the biggest contributing factors to the unusually severe winter weather in 2009/2010, throughout much of the middle latitudes, was the Arctic Oscillation. Unusually high pressure at high latitudes and low pressure at middle latitudes forced a persistent exchange of mass from north to south. In this investigation, a concerted effort was made to link remotely sensed falling snow observations to remotely sensed snow cover and snowpack observations in the Baltimore/Washington area. Specifically, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer onboard the Aqua satellite was used to assess snow water equivalent, and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐B and Microwave Humidity Sounder were employed to detect falling snow. Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer passive microwave signatures in this study are related to both snow on the ground and surface ice layers. In regard to falling snow, signatures indicative of snowfall can be observed in high frequency brightness temperatures of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐B and Microwave Humidity Sounder. Indeed, retrievals show an increase in snow water equivalent after the detection of falling snow. Yet, this work also shows that falling snow intensity and/or the presence of liquid water clouds impacts the ability to reliably detect snow water equivalent. Moreover, changes in the condition of the snowpack, especially in the surface features, negatively affect retrieval performance. Copyright © 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定铁和铝的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

董德凡  叶冬梅 《岩矿测试》1994,13(1):41-44

研究了低功率微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法（ＭＰＴ－ＡＥＳ）对Ｆｅ，Ａｌ的测定。样品经气动雾化后，分别以流动注射与连续式两种方式引入ＭＰＴ。考察了用这两种进样方式时ＭＰＴ－ＡＥＳ的分析性能，证明低功率ＭＰＴ－ＡＥＳ具有良好的分析特性。  相似文献   

Recent advances in solar radio physics     

M. R. Kundu 《Journal of Earth System Science》1984,93(3):201-225

We review high spatial resolution microwave observations of solar active regions, coronal loops and flares. Observations of preflare active regions are presented; in particular we discuss the interpretations of reversal of polarization at the flare site and the role of newly emerging flux in triggering the onset of flares. We discuss the spatial locations of microwave burst emitting regions; loops or arcades of loops appear to be the sites of flare energy release in microwave bursts. We provide direct observational evidence of magnetic reconnection as the primary cause of acceleration of electrons in microwave bursts.  相似文献   

植被覆盖地表主动微波遥感反演土壤水分算法研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘万侠  王娟  刘凯  钟凯文 《热带地理》2007,27(5):411-415,450

主动微波遥感监测土壤水分具有全天时、全天候并对地物有一定的穿透能力等特点,突破了传统测量方法和光学遥感获取土壤水分的局限。文中在分析植被对微波信号影响的基础上,总结了当前国内外基于主动微波遥感监测植被覆盖地表土壤水分的原理和方法,指出利用，宋朝景“水-云模型”从总的极化雷达后向散射中去除植被影响后,能够改进后向散射系数和土壤含水量之间的关系。最后利用ENVISAT ASAR数据,结合实地采样获得的土壤含水量数据拟合两者之间的关系,结果表明农作物覆盖地表土壤水分变化的估算算法还需要进一步发展和改进以提高反演精度。  相似文献   

Exfoliation of kaolinite by urea-intercalation precursor and microwave irradiation assistance process     

Pi Zhenbang  Liu Zhuoqin  Yang Chao  Tian Xike  Fei Jinbo  Zheng Jianhua 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(1):26-29

A type of exfoliated kaolinite was produced by urea-intercalation and original microwave irradiation assisted method. The product was investigated by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and laser particle analysis techniques. FT-IR spectra show that NHCO molecule exists in the intercalated kaolinite. XRD analyses indicate that the kaolinite sheet-like structure was disordered after microwave irradiation. The urea decomposition process and explosion effect between the sheet-like structures of kaolinite under microwave irradiation were discussed. The SEM and BET analyses reveal that the end product is exfoliated kaolinite with thin particles and increased surface area. Size and zeta potential analyses show that the particle size distribution is between 250 nm and 550 nm with normal distribution and the particle is negatively charged. In comparison with the conventional grind method, the process adopted appears to be economic and the exfoliated kaolinite end product may display a significantly enhanced performance in industrial applications.  相似文献   

双线偏振双波段（X／Ka）主被动微波遥感系统的研制与初步试验   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

段树  张凌  刘锦丽  吕达仁 《遥感学报》2002,6(4):289-293

为拓展主波，动生波探测系统遥感降水云雨的功能，使系统的原理先进性能有进一步的体现，将一套主被动双波段（X／Ka)微波遥感系统研制升级为双线偏振双波段主被动微波遥感系统。对新系统及主要部件的工作原理，技术指标及研制改造方法作了介绍，还给出了一些初步的观测结果。  相似文献