Cost-effective network design for groundwater flow monitoring   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. Andricevic 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1990,4(1):27-41

The extensive use of groundwater resources has increased the need for developing cost-effective monitoring networks to provide an indication of the degree to which the subsurface environment has been affected by human activities. This study presents a cost-effective approach to the design of groundwater flow monitoring networks. The groundwater network design is formulated with two problem formats: maximizing the statistical monitoring power for specified budget constraint and minimizing monitoring cost for statistical power requirement. The statistical monitoring power constraint is introduced with an information reliability threshold value. A branch and bound technique is employed to select the optimal solution from a discrete set of possible network alternatives. The method is tested to the design of groundwater flow monitoring problem in the Pomona County, California.  相似文献   

北京平原区基岩井水位的年动态特征及其成因分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

车用太  简春林 《地震地质》1994,16(3):255-263

系统阐述了北京平原区１０口地震地下水位动态观测井及其水位年动态特征，主要分析了降雨与开采对年动态特征的影响，讨论了大同－阳高地震前后某些井水位长期异常的信度  相似文献   

Nitrate in groundwater and N circulation in eastern Botswana   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Lagerstedt  G. Jacks  F. Sefe 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(1):60-64

Nitrate pollution due to deep leaching from pit latrines has caused water supply wells in eastern Botswana to exceed health limits concerning nitrate. It was deduced from the estimated intake of salt and protein by the population that, as an average, about 10 percent of the human nitrogen excretion is leached to the groundwater. This fraction was also found in southern India, where on-the-ground excretion is customary. The nitrogen circulation in general in the savanna ecosystem is not appreciably affected in spite of a large livestock density. Overall nitrate leaching is in the order of 1.5 kg N/ha/y, similar to that in another semiarid area in southern India. However, in India, there seems to be a more diffuse areal leaching from agriculture as well as from villages.Measures to minimize the nitrate leaching could be to plant deep-rooted trees adjacent to pit latrines or to use latrines that separate the urine from the faces for a more near-surface infiltration facilitating plant uptake. Measures to minimize leaching will also lessen the rick for bacterial pollution of the groundwater.  相似文献   

Possible impact of shallow interfluve traps on groundwater remediation     

T. M. Whitworth 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(1):30-35

Shallow stratigraphic traps exist in certain geologic environments, which might complicate groundwater remediation efforts. Too often, pump-and-treat remediation wells are installed in geometric patterns designed to maximize cleanup operations. If, however, shallow stratigraphic traps are present, certain contaminants may be locally trapped and thus missed during cleanup operations. Alternatively, if shallow stratigraphic traps are delineated prior to location of cleanup wells, fewer wells may be needed for remediation. For example, a single well located at the trap apex, coupled with a single injection well, might be sufficient if: (1) all contaminants were contained in the trap, and (2) the trap was not laterally extensive. Interfluve stratigraphic traps are formed when braided outwash sands are subsequently covered by backswamp or lacustrine clay deposits. Such traps are common near-surface features of the valley train deposits of the Lower Mississippi River Valley and have relief of a few tens of centimeters to perhaps in excess of 10 m. Interfluve traps are also expected to commonly occur in many glaciated regions. Due to channel migration during backswamp clay deposition, and differing thicknesses of clay cover, it is unlikely that all interfluve traps can be delineated by a single method. Therefore, several geological techniques that might be useful in delineating shallow interfluve traps are briefly discussed here, as well as potential complications in using the described methods.  相似文献   

线性规划在徐州地下水资源开发中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈爱光  陈国富 《地球科学》1985,(1)

本文从地下水系统的观点出发,对徐州地区中寒武统—中奥陶统碳酸盐岩地下水系统进行了分析。并应用线性规划的原理和方法对徐州市西郊四个水源地地下水进行了水文地质计算。在规定水位允许降深的约束条件下,求得至2000年,该区地下水最大开采量为14万米~3/天及各水源地相应取水量的最佳分配。文中采用特定条件图解法计算多边界、多主井抽水干扰影响的方法,具有通用意义。  相似文献   

A theoretical model for change of shape of spring-water radon anomalies with epicentral distance     

H. Friedmann 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(2-4):531-544

A model for radon anomalies before earthquakes, with a relatively fast increase in radon concentration at the beginning of the anomaly, is postulated. A calculation based on this model shows that a parameter can be deduced from the form of the radon anomalies, which depends on the epicentral distance of the measurement point. After adjustment of some parameters the model calculation is in good agreement with observed earthquake precursor anomalies.  相似文献   

长春市深部地下水赋存规律之我见     

李端生 《吉林地质》1995,14(4):63-68

长春市北西或北北西向扭性断裂或断裂带是客观存在，它对长春市深部地下水循环与循存起控制作用，是深部基岩裂隙水的主要导水通道，且大都为富水带。原北东向压扭性断裂或断裂带起阻水作用，二者相得益彰。笔者于长春北郊贫水区，利用这一新理论，在水文地质调查基础上，结合多种水文物探手段布孔凿井，打出一口水量丰富的优质矿泉水井，进而验证了北西向富水说，了箕市深部地下水赋存规律的新认识，此说不但对长春市供水有实际意义  相似文献   

环境同位素法在西北地区地下水资源评价中的应用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

高志发 《甘肃地质》1995,4(1):62-72

应用环境同位素方法测定了不同类型地下水的年龄，识别了西北干旱、半干旱地区地下水的补给源，进行了补给量的计算，建立了地下水流系统，并取得了新的成果。  相似文献   

龙羊峡水库库岸高边坡地下水位预测     

王晓鸿  许彦卿  刘汉超  张倬元 《地质灾害与环境保护》1995,(4)

龙羊峡水库近坝库岸高边坡稳定性是影响该工程安全和充分发挥电站经济效益的关键问题，而高边坡中地下水位的预测是稳定性评价中一项重要内容。本文以高边坡实际地质结构为背景，建立了地下水剖面二维流数学模型，运用初流量法求其均值解。结果同观测资料吻合较好，并对未来１０年地下水位动态作了预测。  相似文献   

岩体水力学概述   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

仵彦卿 《地质灾害与环境保护》1995,6(1):57-64

本文通过伙在工程活动与地质环境相互作用分析，揭示了人类工程、岩体与地下水之间的关系；论述了岩体水力学的研究对象，学科地位，研究内容以及研究方法。  相似文献