Risk Assessment on Organic Contamination of Shallow Groundwater of an Oilfield in Northeast China          下载免费PDF全文

Zhao-xian Zheng  Xiao-si Su 《地下水科学与工程》2013,1(3):75-82

With the oil contaminated site of an oil field in northeast as the research area, based on the site geological and hydrogeological conditions, and by virtue of the methods of assessment on current situation of organic contamination and environmental impact assessment as well as leaching mobility assessment on organics, the internal and external risk assessments on organic contamination of shallow groundwater in the research area are conducted respectively. According to the results, about 30 kinds of organic components, including chlorinated hydrocarbons, mononuclear aromatics, heteroaromatic compound, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and n-alkanes, are detected in the shallow groundwater in the research area. The current situation contamination of dichloromethane is the most serious, and all well points are of contamination at medium or above level. Compared with dichloromethane, contamination of trichloromethane and benzene is lighter, but several seriously contaminated well points occur in these two groups. The leaching mobility of dichloromethane, trichloromethane and benzene is extremely high, posing the greatest contamination risks against groundwater.  相似文献   

Study on the Climatic Change Features of Hebei Plain          下载免费PDF全文

Jin-cui Wang  Liang Zhu  Ying Zhang  Ji-chao Sun 《地下水科学与工程》2013,1(3):68-74

Precipitation and groundwater are essential to water circulation and they mutually influence. Groundwater is the main water supply source in Hebei Plain. On the other hand, atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge is the main supply source of the groundwater in this area. Therefore, the studies on Hebei Plain climatic change features are of great significance to further analyze the influences of climatic changes on groundwater resources. This paper selected 10 ground climatological stations in Hebei Plain in terms of daily precipitation and temperature data from 1961 to 2010 and analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution features of temperature and precipitation. The results showed that the minimum temperature of Hebei Plain in recent 50 years increased significantly; the maximum temperature basically is stable; and the mean temperature presents an obviously increasing trend. In the spatial distribution, it gradually decreases from southwest to northeast on the whole and gradually tends to increase from the coastal to inland. The precipitation in recent 50 years owns obvious interannual change features and spatial distribution features, with a trend of overall periodic decrease and significant decrease of extreme precipitation. The annual mean precipitation intensity and annual mean extreme precipitation intensity gradually increased from piedmont plain to coastal plain. Hebei Plain has a warming and drying development trend on the whole. In space, piedmont plain belongs to the high-temperature and few-water area; coastal plain lies in low-temperature and much-water area; and central plain is in transitional zone. The climatic change and human activities are two influential factors of groundwater resources. Further revealing of the climatic change features of different geomorphic types and measuring and distinguishing of the influences of climatic change and human activities on groundwater remain to be further explored.  相似文献   

用微型蒸渗仪测验根灌节水潜力的田间试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

鲍忠文  杜虎林  史学斌  马文艺 《中国沙漠》2013,33(1):160-166

本项研究在中国西北塔里木河下游兵团农垦区红枣生态经济林进行,用微型蒸渗仪（MLS）测定了根灌与滴灌条件下的田间土壤蒸发。通过试验研究,初步提出了可用于西北干旱区测定滴灌与根灌土壤蒸发的MLS的最佳长度,同时探索了根灌与滴灌的土壤蒸发规律,对根灌的节水空间进行了分析。根灌与地表滴灌的土壤蒸发对比试验表明,同等气象、灌溉条件下,根灌土壤蒸发损失约为地表滴灌的一半;而根灌与滴灌带的土壤蒸发对比试验则表明,同等气象、灌溉条件下,滴灌带土壤蒸发损失量比流速较大的根灌平均高12%左右。本项研究为根灌技术在干旱区的推广应用提供了依据。  相似文献   

秸秆覆盖免耕储水灌溉对春小麦耗水特征及灌溉水分利用效率的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张金霞 《中国沙漠》2012,32(5):1501-1506

在河西走廊的黑河流域中心试验站进行了秸秆覆盖免耕（NTS）储水灌溉对春小麦耗水特征及灌溉水分利用效率影响的试验研究。结果表明:①就春小麦全生育期耗水情况来看,NTS并没有减少土壤水分的消耗,只使春小麦的耗水在时间和空间上有所改变;②NTS的全生育期日均耗水量最高,而全年的日均耗水量最低,这主要是由NTS在休闲期时明显的保墒作用所导致;③为获取高产和提高灌溉水分利用效率,耕作方式为NTS且冬季储水定额为1 200 m3·hm-2的处理是最优的;④随着储水定额的增大,全生育期和全年的日均耗水量增大,而灌溉水分利用效率递减。若仅仅为提高节水效率和灌溉水分利用效率可以将冬季储水定额减少到750 m3·hm-2。  相似文献   

Understanding the origin and fate of nitrate in groundwater of semi-arid environments   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. Stadler  K. Osenbrück  K. Knller  A. Suckow  J. Sültenfuß  H. Oster  T. Himmelsbach  H. Htzl 《Journal of Arid Environments》2008,72(10):1830-1842

Though nitrate enrichment in groundwater is a worldwide phenomenon and mainly related to human impact, processes leading to nitrate enrichment in scarcely inhabited semi-arid regions are not yet well understood. In those regions, elevated nitrate concentrations put additional pressure on the scarce water resources, as they pose a serious health risk. This study applies a multidisciplinary approach (hydrogeology, isotope hydrology, and geochemistry) to understand the origin and fate of nitrate in groundwater of the semi-arid Kalahari of Botswana. Our investigations suggest that nitrate in groundwater of the study area is of natural origin, leached from a pool in the unsaturated zone that was actively involved in the soil nitrogen cycle. The presence of active (minor) recharge was found, showing that nitrate may be transported into the groundwater under the present conditions. Yet, slow travel times of replenishing water and the low recharge amounts render the thick unsaturated zone into a long-term reservoir for nitrate. Being only little influenced by reactive processes, nitrate has a high persistency in the observed groundwater system. Concentration increases induced by the present land-use do not yet appear to affect the groundwater quality but may within decades.  相似文献   

不同灌水量对碱化土的影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

陈冰  蒋平安 《干旱区地理》2005,28(1):103-106

碱化土壤上不同定额灌水量试验研究表明,电导率与可溶性盐是成正比关系,电导率、可溶性盐与pH成反比关系。灌水量对土壤总盐及盐分组成中CT、SO4^2-的影响较人;随着灌水量的增加,表层土壤中HCO3^-增加,pH上升。灌水量必须大于一定的量才具有洗盐作用。  相似文献   

黑河流域水循环过程中地下水同位素特征及补给效应   总被引：26，自引：2，他引：24  

张光辉  聂振龙  王金哲  程旭学 《地球科学进展》2005,20(5):511-519

通过环境同位素及其Tamers、IAEA模型应用研究表明,黑河流域水循环过程中地下水同位素特征与补给源属性和数量密切相关,具有非均一性;东部以山区降水通过出山地表径流补给为主,西部冰川雪融水和山区基岩裂隙水是主要补给源,下游区依赖中游区河水下泄状况,蒸发特征明显。东部同位素较新且地下水更新较快,西部同位素较老且地下水更新较慢;祁连山前戈壁带地下水同位素与山区河水相近,细土平原带地下水补给河水;高台一带受酒泉低氚值地下水补给影响而河水和地下水氚值都偏低;近河道带地下水年龄较新,远离河道则较老。因此,充分利用地下水与地表水之间转化规律,联合优化调控,有利于该区地下水资源可持续利用。  相似文献   

A parsimonious crop-water productivity index: an application to Brazil     

Marco P Maneta  Purnendu N Singh  Marcelo Torres  Wesley W Wallender  Stephen A Vosti  Lineu N Rodrigues  Luis H Bassoi  Julie A Young 《Area》2009,41(1):94-106

Reducing poverty in rural areas of developing countries requires sustained and sustainable increases in agricultural water productivity. However, aside from traditional measures of precipitation, little is known about water available to farmers or how productively they use it. We present a crop-water productivity index (a ratio of the value of annual crop production to a dimensionless potential water availability index) for large water basins using readily available low-resolution data. The index is transferable, permits direct inter-basin comparisons, and is simple to calculate. We calculate the index for each municipality in the São Francisco river basin in Brazil. No clear patterns linking water availability and value of agricultural output are evident, even though clusters of municípios with high- and low-crop-water productivity emerge, and the former may be useful in guiding policies aimed at increasing water productivity. Finally, analyses of the effects of information uncertainty on the crop-water productivity index suggest that the returns to agricultural investments in certain places in the São Francisco river basin are more risky than others. Improvements in data quality and quantity can help refine estimates of the index and reduce their uncertainty.  相似文献   

新疆博州地区地下水水化学成分特征灰关联分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈志军  朱健  张晶 《盐湖研究》2009,17(1)

依据新疆博州地区20处地下水水样的水质化验数据,应用关联分析与相关分析相结合的分析方法,分析了地下水样中几种成分与总硬度、总碱度、电导率及矿化度4个指标之间的关系。结果表明,总硬度变化主要受Mg2+影响,水中HCO3-含量与总碱度关系密切,电导率主要受SO42-影响,SO42-与Cl-对矿化度有较大影响。通过相关分析,发现它们之间线性相关性较好。  相似文献   

Groundwater control on the suspended sediment load in the Na Borges River, Mallorca, Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Joan Estrany  Celso Garcia  Ramon J. Batalla   《Geomorphology》2009,106(3-4):292-303

Groundwater dominance has important effects on the hydrological and geomorphological characteristics of river systems. Low suspended sediment concentrations and high water clarity are expected because significant inputs of sediment-free spring water dilute the suspended sediment generated by storms. However, in many Mediterranean rivers, groundwater dominance is characterised by seasonal alternations of influent and effluent discharge involving significant variability on the sediment transport regimes. Such areas are often subject to soil and water conservation practices over the centuries that have reduced the sediment contribution from agricultural fields and favour subsurface flow to rivers. Moreover, urbanisation during the twentieth century has changed the catchment hydrology and altered basic river processes due to its ‘flashy’ regime. In this context, we monitored suspended sediment fluxes during a two-year period in the Na Borges River, a lowland agricultural catchment (319 km²) on the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands). The suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was lower when the base flow index (i.e., relative proportion of baseflow compared to stormflow, BFI) was higher. Therefore, strong seasonal contrasts explain the high SSC coefficient of variation, which is clearly related to dilution effects associated with different groundwater and surface water seasonal interactions. A lack of correlation in the Q-SSC rating curves shows that factors other than discharge control sediment transport. As a result, at the event scale, multiple regressions illustrate that groundwater and surface water interactions are involved in the sedimentary response of flood events. In the winter, the stability of baseflow driven by groundwater contributions and agricultural and urban spills causes hydraulic variables (i.e., maximum discharge) to exert the most important control on events, whereas in the summer, it is necessary to accumulate important volumes of rainfall, creating a minimum of wet conditions in the catchment to activate hydrological pathways and deliver sediment to the drainage network. The BFI is also related to sediment delivery processes, as the loads are higher with lower BFI, corroborating the fact that most sediment movement is caused by stormflow and its related factors. Overall, suspended sediment yields were very low (i.e., < 1 t km^− 2 yr^− 1) at all measuring sites. Such values are the consequence of the limited sediment delivery attributable to soil conservation practices, low surface runoff coefficients and specific geomorphic features of groundwater-dominated rivers, such as low drainage density, low gradient, steep valley walls and flat valley floors.  相似文献