黄土高原一次超级单体短时强降水中尺度分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王楠  李萍云  井宇  赵强 《气象科学》2016,36(6):742-751

2012年盛夏陕西绥德县出现短时强降水,4 h雨量超过100 mm。利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料进行诊断分析发现,在陕北东北部对流层中下层有一中α尺度气旋存在,且随高度向东北倾斜,垂直方向上形成次级环流,使强降水区的上升运动加剧。分析地面观测、卫星资料发现,西路冷空气引导干侵入加强层结不稳定性,东路冷空气楔形抬升作用,使得不稳定能量释放;同时,在东西两路干冷空气的夹击作用下,绥德县内形成中气旋,暖湿空气在当地得以聚集上升;2个中β尺度对流云团在东西路风场作用下合并后迅速增强。多普勒雷达资料显示,2个中γ尺度的超级单体回波在绥德先后发展形成列车效应;2个超级单体中的中气旋特征各有不同,是回波结构演变的主要原因。  相似文献   

湖北省冻雨天气特征及其判定方法研究     

周悦  许冠宇  高正旭  杨加仑 《气象科技》2016,44(6):949-955

利用常规地面气象站多时次气象要素和天气现象观测资料,以及武汉、宜昌和恩施的探空资料,对1998—2014年湖北地区冻雨天气的主要环流背景进行了分析,归纳了冻雨发生发展过程的气象要素和大气层结特征,给出了基于正负能量面积的冻雨发生定量化判断方法。结果表明:乌山阻高型和贝湖阻高型是导致湖北省出现冻雨天气的两种主要天气形势;2005年和2月是冻雨主要发生的年份和月份;共存在3种典型的气温层结演变特征,其中"暖雨-冻雨-固态"的气温层结演变最易导致持续时间长、影响范围大的冻雨天气;基于正负能量面积的冻雨判定方法为:3层层结时,正能量面积(A_(SP))小于80℃·hPa,负能量面积(A_(SN))小于400℃·hPa,且正负能量关系为(5.71A_(SP)-257.14)≤A_(SN)≤(6.25A_(SP)+200);2层层结时,ASP为350~650℃·hPa,A_(SN)为200~400℃·hPa,且正负能量关系为(A_(SP)-350)≤A_(SN)≤(ASP-100)。  相似文献   

湖北省夏季降水日变化特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

林春泽  刘琳  林文才  白永清  祁海霞  杨浩 《大气科学学报》2016,39(4):490-500

利用2001—2014年湖北省77个气象观测站的整点逐时降水数据,通过划分不同区域和三种量级降水的方法,分析了夏季(6—8月)降水日变化特征。结果表明:1)湖北省夏季降水日变化特征非常明显,降水量曲线呈双峰结构,峰值出现在08时和17时(北京时间,下同),降水频次与降水强度均呈现"一主一次"的双峰结构,这主要与青藏高原东移来的天气系统自西向东的滞后性以及局地热力强迫有关,发生在傍晚(15—18时)的降水强度有明显的年际增强趋势。2)湖北省降水日变化特征区域差异显著,鄂西北与鄂西南降水峰值主要出现在傍晚和夜间,谷值出现在正午,鄂东三个区域的降水峰值出现在上午和傍晚,谷值出现在午夜。3)近14 a强度为0~20 mm/h的降水呈现减少趋势,主要发生在鄂西地区。其日变化曲线为"一主一次"的双峰结构,主(次)峰值出现在07(17)时。与之相反,短时强降水(≥20 mm/h)的发生概率东部大于西部,平原大于山区,有增加趋势的站点占总站点数的53.24%,峰(谷)值出现在17(12)时。短时特大强降水(≥50 mm/h)峰值出现在15—20时,03—14时出现概率较低。  相似文献   

Geochemical fractionation of Ni,Cu and Pb in the deep sea sediments from the Central Indian Ocean Basin: An insight into the mechanism of metal enrichment in sediment     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(1):39-48

Metal speciation study in combination with major element chemistry of deep sea sediments provided possible metal enrichment pathways in sediments collected from environmentally different locations of Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIB). Metal speciation study suggests that Fe–Mn oxyhydroxide phase was the major binding phase for Ni, Cu and Pb in the sediments. The second highest concentrations of all these metals were present within the structure of the sediments. Easily reducible oxide phase (within the Fe–Mn oxyhydroxide binding phases) was the major host for all the three metals in the studied sediments. Major element chemistry of these sediments revealed that there was an increased tendency of Cu and Ni to get incorporated into the deep sea sediment via the non-terrigenous Mn-oxyhydroxide fraction, whereas, Pb gets incorporated mostly via amorphous Fe-hydroxides into the sediment from the CIB. This is the first attempt to provide an insight into the mechanism of metal enrichment in sediment that host vast manganese nodule.  相似文献   

Contamination,bioaccessibility and human health risk of heavy metals in exposed-lawn soils from 28 urban parks in southern China's largest city,Guangzhou     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

The total concentrations and oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in surface-exposed lawn soils from 28 urban parks in Guangzhou were investigated, and the health risks posed to humans were evaluated. The descending order of total heavy metal concentrations was Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Cd, but Cd showed the highest percentage bioaccessibility (75.96%). Principal component analysis showed that Grouped Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn, and grouped Cr and Mn could be controlled two different types of human sources. Whereas, Ni and Fe were controlled by both anthropogenic and natural sources. The carcinogenic risk probabilities for Pb and Cr to children and adults were under the acceptable level (<1 × 10⁻⁴). Hazard Quotient value for each metal and Hazard Index values for all metals studied indicated no significant risk of non-carcinogenic effects to children and adults in Guangzhou urban park soils.  相似文献   

松辽盆地南缘基性岩脉中捕获锆石U-Pb年龄及其对基底岩浆事件的制约   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

贾维馨  姜琦刚  王冬艳  高文 《岩石学报》2016,32(9):2881-2888

团山子基性脉岩为松辽盆地南缘晚中生代最后一期岩浆活动,在其中获得了较多的捕获锆石。为了反映松辽盆地基底岩浆活动事件,对基性脉岩中捕获锆石进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。捕获锆石阴极发光(CL)图像和Th/U比值显示具有岩浆成因的特点。从锆石定年结果得到8组年龄,反映出早侏罗世晚期(176Ma)、海西期(291Ma)、加里东期(467Ma)、新元古代(942Ma)、中元古代(1368Ma)、古元古代(1886Ma和2165Ma)、新太古代(2458Ma)岩浆事件记录。松辽盆地南部基底组成以古生代和早中生代岩浆岩为主,并可能存在西保安群前寒武纪结晶基底(942Ma),并经历了复杂的岩浆演化。中元古代、古元古代、新太古代年龄的锆石具有磨圆和反应边,可能为与华北克拉通岩浆事件形成的锆石被搬运到松辽盆地南部,并被再次捕获的结果,反映松辽盆地南部与华北大陆具有一定的联系,但不确定存在该期的结晶基底。  相似文献   

星载SAR对雨团催生海面风场的观测研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

叶小敏  林明森  袁新哲  丁静  解学通  张毅  徐莹 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(9):80-85

雨团或对流雨是热带与亚热带地区的主要降雨形式,较易被高分辨率星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）探测到。SAR图像上的雨团足印是由大气中雨滴的散射与吸收、下沉气流等共同导致形成的。本文以RADARSAT-2卫星100 m分辨率的SAR图像上雨团引起的海面风场及其结构反演与解译作为实例进行分析。使用CMOD4地球物理模式函数,分别以NCEP再分析数据、欧洲MetOp-A卫星先进散射计（ASCAT）和中国HY-2卫星微波散射计的风向为外部风向,进行了SAR图像的海面风场反演。反演的海面风速相对于NCEP、ASCAT和HY-2的均方根误差（RMSE）分别为1.48 m/s,1.64 m/s和2.14 m/s。SAR图像上一侧明亮另一侧昏暗的圆形信号图斑被解译为雨团携带的下沉气流对海面风场（海面粗糙度）的改变所致。平行于海面背景风场其通过雨团圆形足印中心的剖面上的风速变化可拟合为正弦或余弦曲线,其拟合线性相关系数均不低于0.80。背景风场的风速大小、雨团引起的风速大小以及雨团足印的直径可利用拟合曲线获得,雨团足印的直径大小一般为数千米或数十千米,本文的8例个例解译与分析均验证了该结论。  相似文献   

IS THE EXTREME SNOW DEPTH RECORD FOR NORDLAND,NORWAY RELIABLE?          下载免费PDF全文

WILFRED H. THEAKSTONE 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2016,98(4):313-323

A snow depth of 370 cm at Dunderlandsdalen in winter 1919–20 is the largest recorded at stations in Nordland, Norway. During the period 1895–1924, the average maximum annual value there was 150.4 cm; at other stations it ranged from 38.5 to 190.1 cm. The ratio of maxima at other stations to that at Dunderlandsdalen was particularly low in 1919–20. In Nordland generally, that winter's recorded precipitation was slightly above the 30‐year average, but at Dunderlandsdalen it exceeded the average by 34%. At all stations except Dunderlandsdalen, 26 Jan.–1 Feb. was a dry period; at Dunderlandsdalen, 51.7 mm was recorded. Only one day without snowfall was recorded at Dunderlandsdalen between early January and early February, but elsewhere there were few days with snowfall. The difference in snowfall frequency and snow depth at Dunderlandsdalen in 1919–20 from values recorded elsewhere in Nordland contrasts with the relationships in other winters between 1895 and 1924. No observations were made at Dunderlandsdalen in winter 1917–18. Two of the householders there died in 1916. A change of personnel making the observations may have been responsible for the data gap and for the anomalous 1919 data. Changes made to buildings or the recording site in 1917 or 1918 may have resulted in increased snow depths as a result of drifting. Maintaining a record of climatic extremes and their environmental consequences is important. Data must be accurate. In view of this, it would be sensible to regard the validity of the 370 cm Dunderlandsdalen maximum as doubtful.  相似文献   

滇中地区早前寒武纪地质研究新进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李静  刘桂春  刘军平  胡绍斌  曾文涛  孙柏东  张虎  邓仁宏  张志斌  刘发刚  段向东  俞赛赢  王晓峰  赵云江  周坤 《地质通报》2018,37(11):1957-1969

滇中地区中元古界"昆阳群"的地层层序是长期争议的重大基础地质问题,在一定程度上制约了地质调查工作的部署及勘查效果,也制约着滇中地区前寒武纪地质研究水平的进一步提高。云南省地质调查院在进行《云南省区域地质志》(第二版、修编)、1:5万二街等4幅区域调查子项目工作中,在前人工作成果的基础上,通过大量的野外地质调查及锆石同位素年代学研究,在滇中地区早前寒武纪地层层序及时代、重大地质事件记录、早期生命与环境协同演化等方面取得了一系列的新发现,具有重要意义。  相似文献   

江西兴国县偏酸性地下水研究现状     

宋绵  龚磊  王新峰  李甫成  马涛 《地球学报》2018,39(5):581-586

兴国县浅层地下水为各城镇和农村的主要饮用水源,浅层地下水中酸性地下水(p H6.5)分布范围占全区面积的1/2,区域地下水酸化现象较为明显,已成为该地区安全用水问题之一。中国地质调查局根据原国土资源部的统一部署,于2017年启动了兴国水文地质调查工作。基于768组地下水现场水质测试和80组相关水化学分析资料,本文研究了兴国县偏酸性地下水的分布特征及其影响因素。结果发现:pH6.5的偏酸性地下水分布普遍,主要分布于花岗岩类裂隙水中,地下水pH值受当地酸雨影响明显,与酸性土壤分布吻合,与含水介质类型密切相关,随地下水位埋深的增加,pH值增大。本研究对正确认识偏酸性地下水分布特征与影响因素,促进城镇农村居民安全用水,为预防地下水酸化污染具有重要意义。  相似文献