Evaluation of spatial variability in snow water equivalent for a high mountain catchment     

S. P. Anderton  S. M. White  B. Alvera 《水文研究》2004,18(3):435-453

Multivariate statistical analysis was used to explore relationships between catchment topography and spatial variability in snow accumulation and melt processes in a small headwater catchment in the Spanish Pyrenees. Manual surveys of snow depth and density provided information on the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) and its depletion over the course of the 1997 and 1998 melt seasons. A number of indices expressing the topographic control on snow processes were extracted from a detailed digital elevation model of the catchment. Bivariate screening was used to assess the relative importance of these topographic indices in controlling snow accumulation at the start of the melt season, average melt rates and the timing of snow disappearance. This suggested that topographic controls on the redistribution of snow by wind are the most important influence on snow distribution at the start of the melt season. Furthermore, it appeared that spatial patterns of snow disappearance were largely determined by the distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) at the start of the melt season, rather than by spatial variability in melt rates during the melt season. Binary regression tree models relating snow depth and disappearance date to terrain indices were then constructed. These explained 70–80% of the variance in the observed data. As well as providing insights into the influence of topography on snow processes, it is suggested that the techniques presented herein could be used in the parameterization of distributed snowmelt models, or in the design of efficient stratified snow surveys. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Development and Conservation of Glacier Tourist Resources —— A Case Study of Bogda Glacier Park   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LIU Xuling YANG Zhaoping XIE Ting 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(4):365-370

1 Introduction As a special kind of tourism, glacier tourism is popular to tourists all over the world owing to its meeting tourists’ needs for seeking after freshness, difference, surprise and risk. Differing from conventional tourism, glacier tour- ism has its special characters while there is little literature on it. It is of great significance to study its characters and seek after the harmonious development in exploitation and protection of glacier tourism resources. Glacier tourism refe…  相似文献   

北秦岭官坡地区柯石英榴辉岩变质作用的P－T－t轨迹     

Zhao Donglin 《地球科学与环境学报》1997,(2)

根据矿物包裹和替代关系以及共生组合规律，北秦岭官坡地区柯石英榴辉岩的变质作用演化可划分为５个阶段，即前榴辉岩相的绿帘角闪岩相、榴辉岩相、后榴辉岩相的角闪岩相、绿帘角闪岩相和绿片岩相。Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素定年显示，北秦岭柯石英榴辉岩于４００±１６Ｍａ沿朱夏断裂被推覆上升，Ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹的地球动力学成因可能与扬子和华北陆块间的俯冲－碰撞作用有关。  相似文献   

1988年1月云南威信墨黑山地灾害     

吴其伟  李德基  朱平一  冯水志 《山地学报》1988,(3)

这次山地灾害由岩崩、滑坡和泥石流三类灾害组成。在我国西南,隆冬少雨季节出现这类山地灾害是罕见的。这次山地灾害正是发生于1988年1月,具有一定的特殊性。究其原因是,当地某些较为特殊的自然条件和采煤不当,促使山体岩崩崩积物逐年加载,进而引起滑坡、泥石流的发生。灾害造成的直接经济损失合人民币58.6万元。对此种山地灾害宜采取以避害为主的防治措施。  相似文献   

AN　ANALYSIS　OF　WATER　RESOURCE　CHARACTERISTICS　OF　THE　RIVERS　IN　THE　NORTHERN　SLOPE　OF　THE　KUNLUN　MOUNTAINS     

许有鹏  高蕴珏 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1995,5(4):365-373

ＡＮＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＷＡＴＥＲＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＴＨＥＲＩＶＥＲＳＩＮＴＨＥＮＯＲＴＨＥＲＮＳＬＯＰＥＯＦＴＨＥＫＵＮＬＵＮＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＳＸｕＹｏｕｐｅｎｇ（许有鹏）；ＧａｏＹｕｎｊｕｅ（高蕴珏）（Ｄｅｐａｒｔ...  相似文献   

TOPOGRAPHIC SHADING AND GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS OF DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION IN MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS*     

Dale J. Stevens  Alan H. Grey 《The Professional geographer》1986,38(4):383-390

Topographic shading curtails the period and complicates the geographic patterns of insolation in mountainous areas. Maps derived from oblique aerial photographs of shadow lines cast by the irregular, mountainous east horizon in Provo, Utah are used as a case study to illustrate an alternative to existing techniques of solar radiation data collection. For study areas of several hundred square kilometers, this method may be superior in resolution and at the same time more error free and economically feasible than other methods. Measurement of solar inputs received at sample stations scattered through the mapped area show that the phenomenon of topographically delayed sunrise has a distinct effect on daily totals of radiation in the manner suggested by the maps.  相似文献   

利用IKONOS立体像对提取DEM精度的实验   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

丁辉  姚安强 《测绘科学》2012,(1):179-181

由于IKONOS不提供基于共线模型所需的卫星星历参数,而提供基于有理函数(RPC)的近似模型,因此点位精度和高程精度主要由RPC模型精度来决定。直接使用RPC模型对标准几何校正产品进行DEM提取,这种精度不能满足高精度制图的要求。本文讨论了基于IKONOS立体像对提取翠华山地区的DEM及其精度情况。为提高精度,采用高精度GPS仪(Mobile Mapper CX高程精度达亚米级)野外采集控制点,对RPC模型进行修正。对比分析结果表明DEM精度明显提高,仅需少量的控制点,DEM和正射影像均满足15∶000比例尺地形图和遥感平面制图要求。  相似文献   

大别山地区黄山松和油松树轮宽度的气候意义   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

郑永宏  张永  邵雪梅  尹志勇  张津 《地理科学进展》2012,31(1):72-77

本文基于2010年采自大别山地区黄山松、油松树轮资料分别建立了树轮宽度标准年表,利用相关函数检验了年表与附近的麻城气象站1959-2009年月平均最高气温、月平均气温、月平均最低气温和月降水量之间关系,旨在探讨黄山松、油松树轮宽度的气候意义。研究结果显示,平均敏感度、标准差、信噪比等统计量黄山松年表均高于油松年表,表明黄山松年表较油松年表包含更多的气候信息,具有更高的树轮气候学研究价值。黄山松径向生长主要受当年2-7月平均气温限制,任何月份及月份组合降水量对黄山松径向生长的限制作用均不显著;油松径向生长主要受当年5-6月降水总量限制,任何月份及月份组合气温对油松径向生长的限制作用均不显著。研究表明,在中国亚热带暖湿地区,气候要素的年际变化亦可对部分树种径向生长具有较强的限制作用,树木年轮宽度的变化对气候具有指示意义。研究结果将进一步弥补中国亚热带暖湿地区树轮宽度年表的不足,为树轮气候重建研究提供参考和依据。  相似文献   

Adaptation models of mountain glacier tourism to climate change: a case study of Mt. Yulong Snow scenic area     

ShiJin Wang  ShiTai Jiao 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(5):0401-0407

Mountain glaciers have an obvious location advantage and tourist market condition over polar and high latitude glaciers. Due to the enormous economic benefit and heritage value, some mountain glaciers will always receive higher attention from commercial media, government departments and mountain tourists in China and abroad. At present, more than 100 glaciers have been developed successfully as famous tourist destinations all over the world. However, global climate change seriously affects mountain glaciers and its surrounding environment. According to the current accelerated retreat trend, natural and cultural landscapes of some glaciers will be weakened, even disappear in the future. Climate change will also inevitably affect mountain ecosystems, and tourism routes under ice and glacier experience activities in these ecosystems. Simultaneously, the disappearance of mountain glaciers will also lead to a clear reduction of tourism and local economic benefits. Based on these reasons, this paper took Mt. Yulong Snow scenic area as an example and analyzed the retreat trend of a typical glacier. We then put forward some scientific and rational response mechanisms and adaptation models based on climate change in order to help future sustainable development of mountain glacier tourism.  相似文献   

SPATIAL AND THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MOUNTAIN PERMAFROST,NORTHWEST CANADA     

ANTONI G. LEWKOWICZ  PHILIP P. BONNAVENTURE  SHARON L. SMITH  ZOÉ KUNTZ 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2012,94(2):195-213

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