国际水文计划发展与中国水资源研究体系构建   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

严登华  王浩  王建华  何岩  邓伟  翟金良 《地理学报》2004,59(2):249-259

国际水文研究计划(International Hydrological Program; IHP) 是国际水资源研究展示的大舞台,其发展是国际水资源研究发展的集成体现。国际水文计划的研究历程和发展态势表明,水资源研究已从单学科研究过渡到了多学科的集成研究。随着社会因子的增加,水资源研究已经成为一项系统工程。从水资源研究的发展来看,中国水资源研究整体上要滞后于国际水资源研究的步伐,但发展态势较好。中国水资源研究体系应具有显著的圈层结构特征,变化环境中的-水资源研究体系过程与机理是水循环研究的核心,构成了圈层结构的内圈;基于生态水文过程的水资源保育与保障体系是中国水资源研究体系的第二圈层;基于自然-人工二元演化模式的水资源配置体系,基于现代理、化、生技术和信息技术的节水体系以及基于市场机制的水资源高效利用的激励体系构成了水资源研究体系的第三圈层。在上述三个圈层研究的基础上,进行基于现代信息技术和管理技术的水资源综合决策和集成管理研究,以及基于现代传媒技术的水资源教育与培训体系构成了中国水资源研究体系的最高层次,是圈层结构中的外圈层。  相似文献   

Characterization of surface water and groundwater in the Damascus Ghotta basin: hydrochemical and environmental isotopes approaches   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zuhair Kattan 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(2):173-201

The hydrochemistry of major ions and environmental isotope compositions (¹⁸O, ²H and tritium) of water samples have been used to investigate the characteristics of rainfalls, surface water and groundwater in the Damascus Ghotta basin. The groundwater salinity in the Damascus Ghotta basin gradually increases, as the groundwater moves from western to south-eastern and north-eastern parts of the basin. A strong relationship exists between the Barada river and the surrounded groundwaters, mainly in terms of recharge by infiltration of surface waters. The groundwater quality in the Adra region has clearly become less saline as a result of establishment of the sewage-water-treatment station in this area since 1997. The uncommon depleted stable isotope concentrations in the vicinity of Al-Ateibeh Lake and Adra valley could be interpreted as a result of sub-flow recharge from the Cenomanian–Turonian aquifer, mostly prolonged along the Damascus Fault, which forms direct contact between this complex and the Quaternary alluvium aquifers. The extensive exploitation of water from the Cenomanian–Turonian aquifer for drinking water supply would shortly be reflected by a gradual decline of the groundwater table in the Damascus Ghotta basin. Amelioration of water quality in the Damascus basin still requires further management strategies and efforts to be taken within the forthcoming years.  相似文献   

The human role in changing fluvial systems: Retrospect, inventory and prospect   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

L. Allan James  W. Andrew Marcus   《Geomorphology》2006,79(3-4):152

Historical and modern scientific contexts are provided for the 2006 Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium on the Human Role in Changing Fluvial Systems. The 2006 symposium provides a synthesis of research concerned with human impacts on fluvial systems — including hydrologic and geomorphic changes to watersheds — while also commemorating the 50th anniversary of the 1955 Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth Symposium [Thomas, Jr., W. L. (Ed.), 1956a. Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago. 1193 pp]. This paper examines the 1955 symposium from the perspective of human impacts on rivers, reviews current inquiry on anthropogenic interactions in fluvial systems, and anticipates future directions in this field.Although the 1955 symposium did not have an explicit geomorphic focus, it set the stage for many subsequent anthropogeomorphic studies. The 1955 conference provided guidance to geomorphologists by recommending and practicing interdisciplinary scholarship, through the use of diverse methodologies applied at extensive temporal and geographical scales, and through its insistence on an integrated understanding of human interactions with nature. Since 1956, research on human impacts to fluvial systems has been influenced by fundamental changes in why the research is done, what is studied, how river studies are conducted, and who does the research. Rationales for river research are now driven to a greater degree by institutional needs, environmental regulations, and aquatic restoration. New techniques include a host of dating, spatial imaging, and ground measurement methods that can be coupled with analytical functions and digital models. These new methods have led to a greater understanding of channel change, variations across multiple temporal and spatial scales, and integrated watershed perspectives; all changes that are reflected by the papers in this volume. These new methods also bring a set of technical demands for the training of geomorphologists. The 2006 Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium complements the 1956 symposium by providing a more specific and updated view of river systems coupled with human interactions. The symposium focuses on linkages between human land use, structures, and channel modification with geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology. The emergence of sustainability as a central policy guideline in environmental management should generate greater interest in geomorphic perspectives, especially as they pertain to human activities. The lack of theories of anthropogeomorphic change, however, presents a challenge for the next generation of geomorphologists in this rapidly growing subfield.  相似文献