Isolating and identifying atmospheric ice-nucleating aerosols: a new technique     

S. M. Kreidenweis  Y. Chen  D. C. Rogers  P. J. DeMott 《Atmospheric Research》1998,46(3-4)

Laboratory studies examined two key aspects of the performance of a continuous-flow diffusion chamber (CFD) instrument that detects ice nuclei (IN) concentrations in air samples: separating IN from non-IN, and collecting IN aerosols to determine chemical composition. In the first study, submicron AgI IN particles were mixed in a sample stream with submicron non-IN salt particles, and the sample stream was processed in the CFD at −19°C and 23% supersaturation with respect to ice. Examination of the residual particles from crystals nucleated in the CFD confirmed that only AgI particles served as IN in the mixed stream. The second study applied this technique to separate and analyze IN and non-IN particles in a natural air sample. Energy-dispersive X-ray analyses (EDS) of the elemental composition of selected particles from the IN and non-IN fractions in ambient air showed chemical differences: Si and Ca were present in both, but S, Fe and K were also detected in the non-IN fraction.  相似文献   

CONCENTRATION AND FLUX OF CO₂, TURBULENCE FLUXES AND RADIATION BALANCE IN THE NEAR SURFACE LAYER OVER WHEAT FIELD     

Liu Shuhu  Leclerc. M. Y  Xu Mei  Ma Yimin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(2):221-234

The gradient of CO₂ concentration, photosynthetically active radiation(PAR). net radiation.soil heat flux, profiles of wind speed, and air temperature and humidity were measured above a wheat field during May and June 1985 at Beijing Agro-Ecosystems Experimental Station. Beijing,China. Fluxes of carbon dioxide, sensible heat, latent heat and momentum were calculated by using the aerodynamic method. The observation site. equipment, calibration techniques, the errors associated with the measurement, and the computational procedures are described. The results show that the diurnal variations of amplitude of CO₂ concentrations were 103.8 to 27. 0.86. 3 to 22.8 and 69.8 to 11.6 ppm:the average CO₂ concentrations were 331.5. 339.9 and 364.6 ppm for the photosynthesis type, and 369.6. 364.0 and 375.2 ppm for the respiration type at 1. 2 and 10 m above surface, respectively, from May 14 to June 15. In the daytime, transfer direction of the CO₂ fluxes and gradients is from air to crop canopy, and at noon(1100 to 1300 BT(Beijing Time)) the transfer rate reaches negative maximum value. At night, transfer of CO₂ fluxes and gradients is in the reversed direction and reaches positive maximum in the early morning(0400 to 0600 BT). There are strong negative correlations between CO₂ flux and the net radiation(R_n),available energy(H+LE). photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) and momentum flux(τ).  相似文献   

包体模型应力集中的定量研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

宋治平  尹祥础 《地震研究》1998,21(3):247-255

本采用二维弹性介质圆形包体模型,运用连续介和学理论求解出包体内外的应力场、位移场、平均应力、最大剪应力以及能量密度的解析解,从而讨论了硬、软件包体的应力集中特征;  相似文献   

南极冰盖消融对全球海平面的影响(英)     

WANG Han-Sheng  ZHANG Chi-Jun 《冰川冻土》1998,(4)

In this paper, supposing that the earth is a spherically symmetric, perfectly elastic and isotropic, we derive the equation of the variation of relative sea level, utilize our previous results of the surface load Love numbers for PREM (1981) model, and compute the global relative sea level rise on the assumption that 10 meters thickness of Antarctic ice sheet would be melted in the future fifty years.  相似文献   

砂岩型铀矿床上方氧的分布     

陈国梁  董秀康 《铀矿地质》1998,14(1):45-43

本文以层间氧化带型铀矿床为例,根据各层间分带中铀存在的形式和状态、铀成矿的条件及各阶段相应的化学变化及气体扩散所引起的氧浓度梯度变化,对砂岩型铀矿床上方氧的分布模式做了初步探讨。通过在已知矿床上取得良好效果的应用实例,指出野外工作时应注意的问题。认为该法在寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿床中不失为一种简单易行的方法。  相似文献   

青岛市环境氡浓度分布规律与预测方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘庆成  陈昌礼 《现代地质》1998,12(1):134-137

通过研究青岛市环境氡的分布规律,认为青岛虽然处在崂山花岗岩上,但由于土壤层不厚,土壤储气条件不好以及氡浓度很低的海风作用,青岛土壤氡浓度和空气氡浓度都不高。提出了一种新的土壤氡浓度预测方法,即利用现有地质资料中铀的含量评价环境氡浓度水平。  相似文献   

The circumnuclear material in the Galactic Centre: a clue to the accretion process     

Sanders 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,294(1):35-46

On the basis of 'sticky particle' calculations, it is argued that the gas features observed within 10 pc of the Galactic Centre — the circumnuclear disc (CND) and the ionized gas filaments — as well as the newly formed stars in the inner 1 pc can be understood in terms of tidal capture and disruption of gas clouds on low angular momentum orbits in a potential containing a point mass. The calculations demonstrate that a dissipative component forms a 'dispersion ring', an asymmetric elliptical torus precessing counter to the direction of rotation, and that this shape can be maintained for many orbital periods. For a range of plausible initial conditions, such a structure can explain the morphology and kinematics of the CND and of the most conspicuous ionized filament. While forming the dispersion ring, a small cloud with low specific angular momentum is drawn into a long filament which repeatedly collides with itself at high velocity. The compression in strong shocks is likely to lead to star formation even in the near tidal field of the point mass. This process may have general relevance to accretion on to massive black holes in normal and active galactic nuclei.  相似文献   

The Stellar Content of Active Galaxies     

Roberto Cid Fernandes  Jr  Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann  & Henrique R. Schmitt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(2):579-616

We present the results of a long-slit spectroscopic study of 38 active and four normal galaxies. Stellar absorption features, continuum colours and their radial variations are analysed in an effort to characterize the stellar population in these galaxies and detect the presence of a featureless continuum underlying the starlight spectral component. Spatial variations of the equivalent widths of conspicuous absorption lines and continuum colours are detected in most galaxies. Star-forming rings, in particular, leave clear fingerprints in the equivalent widths and colour profiles. We find that the stellar populations in the inner regions of active galaxies present a variety of characteristics, and cannot be represented by a single starlight template. Dilution of the stellar lines by an underlying featureless continuum is detected in most broad-lined objects, but little or no dilution is found for most of the 20 type 2 Seyferts in the sample. Colour gradients are also ubiquitous. In particular, all but one of the observed Seyfert 2s are redder at the nucleus than in its immediate vicinity. Possible consequences of these findings are briefly outlined.  相似文献   

Near-infrared imaging polarimetry of Cygnus A     

C. Packham  S. Young  J. H. Hough  C. N. Tadhunter  & D. J. Axon 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(3):936-942

We present a 2.2-μm polarization image of the nuclear regions of Cygnus A. The degree of polarization in the central 1 arcsec is (4.1±0.50) per cent, at a position angle of (23.6±3.6)°, approximately perpendicular to the axis of the radio jet.
Modelling of the results suggests that at this wavelength the polarization along the line of sight to the central source is most likely produced by dichroism, through an A _v∼40 mag, with the polarization in surrounding regions produced by scattering. For this model, the K -band luminosity of the central source is calculated to be ∼2×10⁴⁴ erg s⁻¹.  相似文献   

Eccentric instability of a two-dimensional fluid disc with a central massive object     

Masatoshi Taga  & Masanori Iye 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,299(4):1132-1138

In this paper we investigate, by linear modal analysis, the one-armed dynamical instability of a two-dimensional fluid disc that has a massive object at its centre. The model of the disc is chosen to avoid the artificial instabilities that originate from the unrealistic disc configurations that have been adopted in previous studies. We find a one-armed instability for which the central massive object is displaced from the centre, which is generally called the 'eccentric instability'. However, to excite the eccentric instability, the mass of the central object should be appreciably smaller than that of the disc, and this mass ratio is far smaller than what was originally proposed. The instability shown in this paper is likely to be excited in a stellar system with a central massive object, e.g. a galactic nucleus harbouring a massive black hole, and further studies are desirable via techniques such as numerical simulations.  相似文献