喷射注浆法在深基坑止水工程中的应用     

郑平  吴旭君  杜甫志  高焰林 《地震工程学报》2011,33(Z1)

论述深基坑开挖过程中地下水处理的主要类型及喷射注浆止水方法的技术要点。结合工程实例讨论了滨海饱水软土深基坑的基坑支护结构形式和喷射注浆止水综合选择方法。实践表明,钻孔灌注护坡桩加二重管桩间旋喷桩组合结构有效阻止了基坑侧壁及基坑底涌砂,确保了基坑开挖的安全。  相似文献   

Water column structure and statistics of Denmark Strait Overflow Water cyclones     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2014

Data from seven moorings deployed across the East Greenland shelfbreak and slope 280 km downstream of Denmark Strait are used to investigate the characteristics and dynamics of Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) cyclones. On average, a cyclone passes the mooring array every other day near the 900 m isobath, dominating the variability of the boundary current system. There is considerable variation in both the frequency and location of the cyclones on the slope, but no apparent seasonality. Using the year-long data set from September 2007 to October 2008, we construct a composite DSOW cyclone that reveals the average scales of the features. The composite cyclone consists of a lens of dense overflow water on the bottom, up to 300 m thick, with cyclonic flow above the lens. The azimuthal flow is intensified in the middle and upper part of the water column and has the shape of a Gaussian eddy with a peak depth-mean speed of 0.22 m/s at a radius of 7.8 km. The lens is advected by the mean flow of 0.27 m/s and self propagates at 0.45 m/s, consistent with the topographic Rossby wave speed and the Nof speed. The total translation velocity along the East Greenland slope is 0.72 m/s. The self-propagation speed exceeds the cyclonic swirl speed, indicating that the azimuthal flow cannot kinematically trap fluid in the water column above the lens. This implies that the dense water anomaly and the cyclonic swirl velocity are dynamically linked, in line with previous theory. Satellite sea surface temperature (SST) data are investigated to study the surface expression of the cyclones. Disturbances to the SST field are found to propagate less quickly than the in situ DSOW cyclones, raising the possibility that the propagation of the SST signatures is not directly associated with the cyclones.  相似文献   

索马里急流和澳洲越赤道气流年际变异不同配置及其影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汪卫平  杨修群 《气象科学》2014,34(6):591-600

使用NCEP/NCAR大气再分析资料、Hadley中心海表温度分析资料和中国160站降水观测资料,分析了夏季索马里急流与澳洲越赤道气流年际变异之间的关系及相关联的海表温度、大气环流和中国降水异常分布特征。结果表明:夏季索马里急流和澳洲越赤道气流的年际变异存在两类关系,即多数的反位相和少数的同位相关系。当夏季索马里急流和澳洲越赤道气流呈前者减弱、而后者增强的反位相变化时,热带印度洋—太平洋海气异常表现为处于发展阶段的经典的东部El Nio型,造成东亚夏季风显著减弱,中国降水呈南方偏多、北方偏少的偶极型分布;当夏季索马里急流和澳洲越赤道气流同位相增强时,海气异常表现为处于成熟阶段的中太平洋El Nio型,东亚夏季风增强,中国降水呈长江流域降水偏少、而华北和华南沿海降水显著偏多的三极型分布。  相似文献   

两次春季强风暴天气环境场对比分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

周后福  郑振荣  刁秀广  刘杰  王华军 《气象科学》2014,34(2):229-236

利用NCAR/NCEP再分析资料和常规气象观测资料,对发生在长江中下游的两次春季强风暴天气影响系统、不稳定条件、触发机制进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)两次强风暴天气,都是在东北冷涡大背景、高空槽、低层切变线和偏西气流的有利形势下产生的;(2)两次强风暴过程的近地面比湿不足12 g/kg,相对湿度在600 hPa附近呈现低—高—低的变化,近地面的水汽通量在强对流发生地附近辐合;(3)流场分布表征:低层辐合、高层辐散;强风暴发生前后垂直速度是下沉—上升—上升运动减弱的变化;(4)风暴发生前近地层温度梯度明显加强;K指数30℃、SWEAT指数100;(5)上层干冷空气下传侵入引发的对流不稳定层结、较强垂直风切变、能量锋区的存在、高低空急流耦合所造成的抽吸作用均有利于触发强对流天气的产生;(6)两次强风暴过程的不同点有:近地面第1次过程的湿度比第2次过程的湿度低;第1次过程的能量锋区自下而上北抬,第2次过程南撤。  相似文献   

冬季黑潮暖流区加热异常对东亚副热带西风急流影响的数值研究   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5  

况雪源  张耀存  刘健 《大气科学》2009,33(1):81-89

通过对大气环流格点模式GAMIL性能的检验表明, 模式较好地再现了东亚地区大气环流型态、高空西风急流变化及表面加热场的季节变化。在此基础上, 设计敏感性试验研究了冬季西太平洋黑潮暖流关键区加热异常对高空西风急流影响, 数值试验结果表明冬季西太平洋黑潮暖流区加热正异常将引起东亚大槽偏东, 大陆冷高压、阿留申低压及位于低纬太平洋上的西太平洋副高均有所增强, 从而导致了冬季风环流加强。相应地, 东北太平洋上出现了明显的气旋差值环流, 而在中高纬大陆海洋交界地区出现反气旋式差值环流; 同时, 西风急流区南侧的低纬地区位势高度及温度场为正异常, 而北侧的中高纬地区为负异常, 这种分布将使得急流区经向气压梯度和南北温差加大, 导致急流的增强。模式结果分别从热力适应理论及热成风的角度验证了黑潮暖流区表面加热异常对急流的影响机理。  相似文献   

2000年7月西南涡暴雨过程的分析和数值模拟   总被引：38，自引：31，他引：7  

姜勇强  张维桓  周祖刚  张志华 《高原气象》2004,23(1):55-61

对2000年7月1～8日西南涡暴雨过程进行了大尺度分析,并利用中尺度暴雨模式MRM1对这次过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明,这次西南涡暴雨过程分为两个阶段,分别对应着两次冷空气南下。暖切变线的南北摆动是发生大暴雨的一个重要原因,而西南急流核的向北传播导致雨区向北传播。模式成功地模拟出了中-α尺度的低涡、切变线,沿暖切变线的强烈倾斜上升气流、中尺度正涡度以及水汽通量散度辐合柱状结构,这些对暴雨的发生提供了动力和水汽条件;而沿低空急流轴的狭长暖湿舌,其北部的干冷区构成的南北向能量锋区,以及较强的中低空不稳定层结是这次暴雨持续发生的重要条件。  相似文献   

春季黑潮延伸体海洋锋区经向位移与东亚大气环流的关系   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

马静  徐海明 《气象科学》2012,32(4):375-384

采用高分辨率的海表温度资料定义了春季黑潮延伸体北侧海洋锋区的南北位置,并采用EOF分析、相关分析、合成分析、带通滤波等方法,探讨了其南北向位置变动与高空急流、风暴轴以及后期东亚降水之间的关系。结果表明,春季黑潮延伸体北侧海洋锋区位置的南北变动存在明显的年际、年代际变化,其与6月东亚高空急流、太平洋区域风暴轴的南北位置具有很好的对应关系。当春季黑潮延伸体海洋锋区偏北时,6月东亚高空急流、太平洋区域风暴轴偏北,反之亦然。进一步的研究还表明,春季黑潮延伸体海洋锋区经向位置的变动可通过影响东亚大气环流对6月东亚地区的降水产生影响,黑潮延伸体海洋锋区偏北(南)年,6月雨带有显著的北(南)移。  相似文献   

Complex proximal sedimentation from Plinian plumes: the example of Tarawera 1886   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

J. E. Sable  B. F. Houghton  C. J. N. Wilson  R. J. Carey 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2006,69(1):89-103

The 1886 eruption of Tarawera, New Zealand, was unusual for a Plinian eruption because it involved entirely basaltic magma, originated in a 17-km-long fissure, and produced extremely overthickened proximal deposits with a complex geometry. This study focuses on an 8-km-long segment cutting across Mount Tarawera where over 50 point-source vents were active during the 5.5-h eruption. A detailed characterization of the proximal deposits is developed and used to interpret the range of styles and intensities of the vents, including changes with time. We identify the four vents that contributed most heavily to the Plinian fall and evaluate the extent to which current volcanic plume models are compatible with the depositional patterns at Tarawera. Three proximal units are mapped that have phreatomagmatic, magmatic, and phreatomagmatic characteristics, respectively. Within the magmatic proximal unit, beds of like character are grouped into packages and delineated on scaled cross sections. Package dispersal is quantified by measuring the linear thickness half-distance (t_1/2) in the planes of the fissure walls. Most packages have localized dispersals (low t_1/2), indicating that Strombolian-style activity dominated most vents. The more widely dispersed packages (high t_1/2) reflect contributions from additional transport regimes that were more vigorous but still contributed considerable material to the proximal region. We conclude that the geometry of the observed proximal deposits requires three modes of fall transport: (1) fallout from the upper portions of the Plinian plumes produced principally by vents in four craters; (2) sedimentation from the margins of the lower portions of the Plinian plumes including the jets and possibly the lower convective regions; and (3) ejection by weak Strombolian-style explosions from vents that did not contribute significant volumes of particles to the high plume. We suggest that the curvature of the velocity profile across the jet region of each plume (1–4 km height) was important, and that the lower velocity at the margins allowed proximal deposition of a large volume of material with a wide grain-size range.  相似文献   

AREM模式对"05.7"四川大暴雨的敏感性试验     

何光碧  顾清源  陈静  肖玉华 《湖北气象》2007,26(3):199-204

利用AREM中尺度数值模式,对2005年7月8日四川盆地大暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟,比较分析了AREM模式提供的不同降水方案、地表通量方案、地表辐射参数化方案对此次降水过程的模拟,以及对该过程中西南低涡活动特征的模拟。试验结果表明:各方案较好地反映了四川盆地西南部强降水,对其东北部的强降水模拟存在较大偏差;各方案模拟的涡度场和流场分布决定了降水区域分布;采用降水的显式云微物理过程和大尺度饱和凝结过程模拟的降水强度、低涡强度和低空急流有一定差异,后者模拟的偏强,与实况更接近;不同地表通量过程和地表辐射过程对降水、低涡和低空急流的模拟无明显差异。  相似文献   

Characteristics of monsoon low level jet (MLLJ) as an index of monsoon activity     

N. V. Sam  K. P. R. Vittal Murty 《Journal of Earth System Science》2002,111(4):453-457

Temperature and wind data are used to describe variation in the strength of the Monsoon Low Level Jet (MLLJ) from an active phase of the monsoon to a break phase. Also estimated are the characteristics of turbulence above and below MLLJ.  相似文献