TeV γ-ray fluxes from the long campaigns on Mrk 421 as constraints on the emission of TeV–PeV neutrinos and UHECRs     

《Astroparticle Physics》2015

Long TeV γ-ray campaigns have been carried out to study the spectrum, variability and duty cycle of the BL Lac object Markarian 421. These campaigns have given some evidence of the presence of protons in the jet: (i) Its spectral energy distribution which shows two main peaks; one at low energies (∼1 keV) and the other at high energies (hundreds of GeV), has been described by using synchrotron proton blazar model. (ii) The study of the variability at GeV γ-rays and X-rays has indicated no significant correlation. (iii) TeV γ-ray detections without activity in X-rays, called “orphan flares” have been observed in this object.Recently, The Telescope Array Collaboration reported the arrival of 72 ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with some of them possibly related to the direction of Markarian 421. The IceCube Collaboration reported the detection of 37 extraterrestrial neutrinos in the TeV–PeV energy range collected during three consecutive years. In particular, no neutrino track events were associated with this source. In this paper, we consider the proton–photon interactions to correlate the TeV γ-ray fluxes reported by long campaigns with the neutrino and ultra-high-energy cosmic ray observations around this blazar. Considering the results reported by The IceCube and Telescope Array Collaborations, we found that only from ∼25% to 70% of TeV fluxes described with a power law function with exponential cutoff can come from the proton–photon interactions.  相似文献   

The interaction of cosmic rays and magnetized plasma     

A. R. Bell 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,358(1):181-187

A large flux of cosmic rays streaming through a magnetized plasma creates cavities of low plasma density and low magnetic field. The magnetic field focuses the cosmic ray trajectories into the cavities with the possible formation of filaments or beams of high-energy cosmic rays.  相似文献   

Cosmic Ray Acceleration Inside Molecular Clouds     

V. A. Dogiel  A. V. Gurevich  Ya. N. Istomin  K. P. Zybin 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,297(1-4):201-211

Acceleration of charged particles by neutral gas turbulence in giant molecular clouds is considered. The gamma-ray emission from these clouds is estimated. It is shown that molecular clouds can be the counterparts of some of unidentified sources.  相似文献   

Numerical evaluation of the dilogarithm of complex argument     

Carlos Osácar  Jesús Palacián  Manuel Palacios 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1995,62(1):93-98

A numerical algorithm to evaluate the dilogarithmic function of a complex argument is proposed. The use of the dilogarithm in celestial mechanics appears in the exact Delaunay normalization of some functions involving the equation of the centre.  相似文献   

Diffusion in momentum space as a picture of second-order Fermi acceleration     

M. Ostrowski  G. Siemieniec-Ozi b o 《Astroparticle Physics》1997,6(3-4):271-277

Energetic particles in a turbulent medium can be subject to second-order Fermi acceleration due to scattering on moving plasma waves. This mechanism leads to growing particle momentum dispersion and, at the same time, increases the mean particle energy. In the most frequently met situations both processes can be represented by a single momentum diffusion term in the particle kinetic equation. In the present paper we discuss the conditions allowing the additional term for regular acceleration to arise. For forward-backward asymmetric scattering centres, besides the diffusive term one should explicitly consider the regular acceleration term in momentum space, which can consist of the first-order (∝ V), as well as the second-order (∝ V²) part in the wave velocity V. We derive the condition for the scattering probability in the wave rest frame requied for vanishing the regular acceleration term and provide a simple mechanical example illustrating the theoretical concepts. Finally, we address its possible role in cosmic ray acceleration processes.  相似文献   

脉冲型耀斑中阿尔芬波湍流加速3He和重离子机制探讨     

吴桂平  王德焴  许敖敖  唐玉华 《天文学报》2002,43(1):48-53

基于在^3He丰富事件中，高能^3He和重离子具有相似的幂律谱分布这一观测结果，通过数值求解Fokker-Planck方程，探讨经阿尔芬波湍动速后的离子分布随时间的演化特征。计算结果表明：加速源区的等离子体密度和阿尔芬波湍动能量密度对粒子能谱分布起主要作用，如果取加速源区等离子体密度n=(0.1-1)10^10cm^-3、磁场强度B=50-100Gs、湍动能量密度为0.4-2ergs cm^-3，则在1秒左右的时间内，湍动阿尔芬波能够将^3He和重离子加速到10MeV/nucleon量级，能谱指数为2.0-3.5。理论计算与观测结果基本一致。  相似文献   

Use of Geostatistics For Accurate Mapping of Earthquake Ground Motion     

James R. Carr  Charles E. Glass 《Geophysical Journal International》1989,97(1):31-40

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In-situ particle acceleration in extragalactic radio hot spots: observations meet expectations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Brunetti  K.-H. Mack  M. A. Prieto  S. Varano 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,345(3):L40-L44

We discuss, in terms of particle acceleration, the results from optical VLT observations of hot spots associated with radio galaxies. On the basis of observational and theoretical grounds, the following is shown. (i) Relatively low radio-radio power hot spots are the optimum candidates for being detected at optical waves. This is supported by an unprecedented optical detection rate of 70 per cent out of a sample of low radio power hot spots. (ii) The shape of the synchrotron spectrum of hot spots is mainly determined by the strength of the magnetic field in the region. In particular, the break frequency, related to the age of the oldest electrons in the hot spots, is found to increase with decreasing synchrotron power and magnetic field strength. Both observational results are in agreement with an in-situ particle acceleration scenario.  相似文献   

Measurement of six degree-of-freedom ground motion by using eight accelerometers     

杨振宇沈毅  刘志言 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2005,4(2):229-232

A new integrated measuring system with eight force-balance accelerometers is proposed to obtain a direct measurement of six degree-of freedom （DOF） ground motions, including three rotational and three actual translational acceleration components without gyroscopes. In the proposed measuring system, the relationship between the output from eight force-balance accelerometer and the six DOF motion of the measuring system under an earthquake are described by differential equations. These equations are derived from the positions and directions of the eight force-balance accelerometers in the measuring system. The third-order Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to guarantee the accuracy of the numerical calculation. All the algorithms used to compute the six DOF components of the ground motion are implemented in a real-time in Digital Signal Processor （DSP）. The distortion of the measured results caused by position and direction errors of the accelerometers in the measuring system are reduced by multiplying a compensation coefficient C to the output and subtracting static zero drift from the measured results, respectively.  相似文献   

Astrophysical boosters     

W. Kundt 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1984,5(3):277-283

Constraints are derived on the acceleration of charges in shocks to highly relativistic energies. When applied to the extended extragalactic radio sources and to the cosmic rays, they cast doubt on the mechanism of ‘in-situ acceleration’, both for energy, entropy and statistical mechanics reasons.  相似文献