2011年汛期预测回顾   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

梁潇云  龚振淞  王永光 《气象》2012,38(9):1150-1154

2011年夏季(6—8月),全国降水偏少,气温偏高,高温日数偏多,区域性、阶段性旱涝灾害重,旱涝转换快,登陆热带气旋(中心附近最大风力≥8级)强度弱,灾害损失偏轻。本文对2011年夏季(6—8月)天气气候异常特征进行了成因分析,并对2011年的汛期预测进行了回顾和总结。总的来说,2011年汛期预测总体趋势与实况接近,但是对于长江中下游的降水偏多估计不足。  相似文献   

2011/2012年冬季我国异常低温特征及可能成因分析     

孙丞虎  任福民  周兵  龚志强  左金清  郭艳君 《气象》2012,38(7):884-889

2011/2012年冬季,我国大部气温异常偏低,全国平均气温仅有-4.8℃,为1986年以来最低值,同时我国内蒙古、新疆、西藏和陕西一些地区日最低气温均突破历史极值。本文利用1951—2010年的中国台站气温资料及NCEP再分析资料对冬季气温异常偏低的原因分析后表明,2011/2012年东亚冬季风异常偏强造成了我国气温大范围异常偏低。异常偏强的东亚冬季风环流系统也表现为:对流层低层西伯利亚地区为异常冷高压控制,对流层中高层从乌拉尔山到贝加尔湖地区上空阻塞异常偏强,东亚大槽异常偏深。进一步的分析表明,2011年冬季时期赤道中东太平洋地区出现的La Nina事件可能是造成东亚冬季风系统异常的原因之一。  相似文献   

2012年春节期间广东罕见低温阴雨天气特点及成因   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

吴乃庚  邓文剑  林良勋  郑璟 《广东气象》2012,34(1):4-9

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR分析资料,以及国家气候中心的海温监测资料等,初步分析了2012年春节前后广东极端低温阴雨天气过程的特点和成因。结果表明,此次过程具有极端温度低、低温范围广、阴雨时间长的特征;此次罕见天气过程是在＂北极涛动＂负位相活动和显著＂拉尼娜＂事件背景下发生,与欧亚地区持续大气环流异常密切相关。乌拉尔山阻塞高压建立后,中高纬稳定的＂两脊一槽＂形势下,有利于短波槽东南移影响华南;同时,高原南侧的南支西风槽加深增强了低纬水汽往华南地区输送,冷暖空气在华南长时间交绥,造成了持续的低温阴雨过程。过程期间,粤北近地层极端气温低,但中层暖层无论从强度、厚度及持续时间均未有2008年明显,因此过程主要以＂低温＂和＂阴雨＂为主,并未发生类似2008年初的粤北持续大范围＂低温雨雪冰冻＂天气。  相似文献   

贵州省钼、镍、钒多金属矿放射性环境影响评价方法初探     

张维乾  黄凯平 《贵州地质》2010,27(3):226-230

本文针对贵州省黔中、黔东地区在开采钼、镍、钒多金属矿过程中,共伴生放射性所产生的放射性环境影响,提出钼、镍、钒多金属矿放射性环境影响评价的基本步骤和程序,包括放射性源项分析与确定、评价因子选取、评价范围与管理限值的确定、放射性现状调查、放射性环境影响预测与评价,并对各个步骤进行分析和探讨。  相似文献   

云南陇川地区稀土矿床成矿预测     

李家云  李治平 《云南地质》2010,29(4):429-430,399

陇川地区大面积出露海西期-印支期二长花岗岩,风化壳普遍发育完好,并有稀土元素异常与之相对应,除已知的龙安中型稀土矿床外,邦歪异常具有大型稀土矿床成矿背景,广岭和野牛坝异常也具有较好的成矿远景。  相似文献   

东南亚红土镍矿床地质地球化学特征及成因探讨——以印尼苏拉威西岛Kolonodale矿床为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

付伟  周永章  陈远荣  胡云沪  陈南春  牛虎杰  张志伟  李小龙 《地学前缘》2010,17(2)

Kolonodale矿床是东南亚红土镍矿带上一处典型矿床,位于印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛东部。矿床产自富镁超基性岩红土风化壳,矿化剖面自上而下出现红土层→腐岩层→基岩层垂向分带。红土镍矿石产在红土剖面上部,载镍矿物是铁质氧化物。硅镁镍矿石产在红土剖面中下部,载镍矿物为镍蛇纹石、镍滑石等含水层状硅酸盐矿物。地球化学分析显示,沿矿化剖面元素地球化学分异非常显著,Ni次生富集效应明显。超基性岩红土化过程的元素地球化学行为具有多样性,Fe、Al、Ti、Cr属残留富集组分,Si、Mg属淋滤缺失组分,Mn、Ca、Co、Ni属次生富集组分。通过典型矿床对比,Kolonodale矿床属原地自生硅酸盐型红土镍矿床,其发育受地质背景和地表环境条件的综合制约。富镁超基性岩、良好的构造组合、稳定的大地构造环境、湿热热带雨林气候、有利地形地貌等均是成矿有利条件。综合分析认为,Kolonodale矿床的成矿过程可划分为腐岩化、红土化和次生富集3个成矿阶段。  相似文献   

Anomalous winter climate conditions in the Pacific rim during recent El Niño Modoki and El Niño events   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Hengyi Weng  Swadhin K. Behera  Toshio Yamagata 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(5):663-674

Present work compares impacts of El Niño Modoki and El Niño on anomalous climate in the Pacific rim during boreal winters of 1979–2005. El Niño Modoki (El Niño) is associated with tripole (dipole) patterns in anomalies of sea-surface temperature, precipitation, and upper-level divergent wind in the tropical Pacific, which are related to multiple “boomerangs” of ocean-atmosphere conditions in the Pacific. Zonal and meridional extents of those “boomerangs” reflect their independent influences, which are seen from lower latitudes in the west to higher latitudes in the east. In the central Pacific, more moisture is transported from the tropics to higher latitudes during El Niño Modoki owing to displacement of the wet “boomerang” arms more poleward toward east. Discontinuities at outer “boomerang” arms manifest intense interactions between tropical and subtropical/extratropical systems. The Pacific/North American pattern and related climate anomalies in North America found in earlier studies are modified in very different ways by the two phenomena. The seesaw with the dry north and the wet south in the western USA is more likely to occur during El Niño Modoki, while much of the western USA is wet during El Niño. The moisture to the southwestern USA is transported from the northward shifted ITCZ during El Niño Modoki, while it is carried by the storms traveling along the southerly shifted polar front jet during El Niño. The East Asian winter monsoon related anticyclone is over the South China Sea during El Niño Modoki as compared to its position over the Philippine Sea during El Niño, causing opposite precipitation anomalies in the southern East Asia between the two phenomena.  相似文献   

1993年El Nino夭折事件及其与典型El Nino事件的对比分析     

刘长征  薛峰 《气候与环境研究》2012,17(2):197-204

除正常的El Nio事件外,赤道中东太平洋存在一些类似但又显著不同的海水增暖事件。以1993年为例,海水增暖事件发生在3月,5月最强,但随后迅速衰减,在此称之为El Nio的夭折。通过与典型El Nio事件的对比分析,研究了1993年暖水事件的演变特征及其夭折原因。研究发现,1993年暖水事件是一种发生在热带中东太平洋的局地海气作用现象。由于1991～1992年发生了一次较强的El Nio事件,造成1992～1993年热带西太平洋暖池持续偏冷,使得1993年缺乏发生正常El Nio事件所需要的热力条件。在此背景下,虽然在春季出现赤道西风异常自西太平洋向东太平洋扩展,满足了El Nio事件发生的动力条件,但由于暖池偏冷,不能引发海盆尺度的Bjerknes型正反馈,使得赤道中东太平洋的海水增暖只是一种短期现象,并迅速衰减,造成ElNio事件的夭折。  相似文献   

Influences of two patterns of El Nino on hydrological and meteorological elements in the Hexi Corridor region of China     

Jia Qin  YongJian Ding  BaiSheng Ye  ShengXia Wang  MingJie Gao  Man Li  Hao Wu 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(4):0296-0302

In this study, two types of El Ni?o events are distinguished and the correlations between the respective precipitation, temperature, and runoff are analyzed by a 5-point moving average method. Also, changes of the temperature, precipitation, and runoff from mountainous watersheds of the Hexi Corridor region caused by these two types of El Ni?o events from 1959 to 2005 are studied by the anomaly analysis method. The results indicate that the Hexi Corridor region is strongly influenced by El Ni?o: rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation and runoff are features of the first El Ni?o pattern, while decreasing temperature and increasing precipitation and runoff characterise the second pattern. The responses of temperature to El Ni?o events are stronger in plains than in mountain regions, but the responses of precipitation are obvious in both types of regions. The response of runoff to El Ni?o events is lower than the precipitation and temperature response because runoff from mountainous watersheds has a complex generation and concentration process.  相似文献   

Compositional variations of olivine from the Jinchuan Ni–Cu sulfide deposit,western China: implications for ore genesis     

Chusi?LiEmail author  Zhanghua?Xu  Sybrand?A.?de?Waal  Edward?M.?Ripley  Wolfgang?D.?Maier 《Mineralium Deposita》2004,39(2):159-172

The Jinchuan Ni–Cu sulfide deposit is hosted by an elongated, olivine-rich ultramafic body that is divided by subvertical strike-slip faults into three segments (central, eastern, and western). The central segment is characterized by concentric enrichments of cumulus olivine crystals and interstitial sulfides (pyrrhotite–pentlandite–chalcopyrite intergrowth), whereas the eastern and western segments are characterized by an increase of sulfides toward the lower contacts. In all segments sulfides are concentrated at the expense of intercumulus silicates. Olivine re-crystallization is found to be associated with actinolite alteration in some samples. The compositional variations of primary olivine from the sulfide-poor samples can be explained by a small degree of olivine crystallization (<5%) from a basaltic magma followed by local re-equilibration of the olivine with up to 30% trapped silicate liquid. In the sulfide-bearing samples the compositions of primary olivine record the results of olivine-sulfide Fe–Ni exchange that occurred after the trapped silicate liquid crystallized. Our olivine data indicate that Ni in the original sulfide liquids increased inward in the central segment and laterally away from the lower contact in the eastern segment. Variations in the compositions of sulfide liquids are thought to result from fractional segregation of immiscible sulfide liquid from a basaltic magma in a staging chamber instead of in situ differentiation. High concentrations of olivine crystals (mostly >50 modal%) and sulfide (averaging ~5 wt%) in the rocks are consistent with the interpretation that the Jinchuan deposit was formed by olivine- and sulfide-laden magma successively ascending through a conduit to a higher, now-eroded, level. Sulfide enrichment toward the center in the central segment and toward the lower contact in the eastern and western segments may have, in part, resulted from flow differentiation and gravitational settling during magma ascent, respectively.Editorial handling: P. Lightfoot  相似文献