Impact of surface heterogeneity on a buoyancy-driven convective boundary layer in light winds     

Dominique Courault  Philippe Drobinski  Yves Brunet  Pierre Lacarrere  Charles Talbot 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,124(3):383-403

Land-use practices such as deforestation or agricultural management may affect regional climate, ecosystems and water resources. The present study investigates the impact of surface heterogeneity on the behaviour of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), at a typical spatial scale of 1 km. Large-eddy simulations, using an interactive soil–vegetation–atmosphere surface scheme, are performed to document the structure of the three-dimensional flow, as driven by buoyancy forces, over patchy terrain with different surface characteristics (roughness, soil moisture, temperature) on each individual patch. The patchy terrain consists of striped and chessboard patterns. The results show that the ABL strongly responds to the spatial configuration of surface heterogeneities. The stripe configuration made of two patches with different soil moisture contents generates the development of a quasi- two-dimensional inland breeze, whereas a three-dimensional divergent flow is induced by chessboard patterns. The feedback of such small-scale atmospheric circulations on the surface fluxes appears to be highly non-linear. The surface sensible and latent heat fluxes averaged over the 25-km² domain may vary by 5% with respect to the patch arrangement.  相似文献   

Sea-breeze scaling from numerical model simulations,part II: Interaction between the sea breeze and slope flows     

Aurore Porson  Douw G. Steyn  Guy Schayes 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,122(1):31-41

Numerical model simulations of sea-breeze circulations in the presence of idealized topography are subjected to dimensional analysis in order to capture the dynamics of the sea-breeze circulation combined with an upslope-flow circulation. A secondary objective is to reconcile previous results based on observations. The analysis is based on a scaling analysis of sea-breeze speed, depth and volume flux. This study is motivated by the fact that the literature of sea breezes interacting with upslope flows is generally qualitative. Results show clear scaling regimes and strong interaction between the two thermally driven circulations. We distinguish three regimes, depending on slope length, slope angle, stability and surface heat flux. The first and third regimes obey the scaling laws of pure sea-breeze scaling. The second regime shows a significant decrease in the scaled volume flux relative to pure sea-breeze scaling. Dynamical relations in the second regime show a strong influence on the circulation of upslope stable air advection.  相似文献   

Divergence of turbulent fluxes in the surface layer: case of a coastal city     

G. Pigeon  A. Lemonsu  C. S. B. Grimmond  P. Durand  O. Thouron  V. Masson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,124(2):269-290

This study quantifies the processes that take place in the layer between the mean building height and the measurement level of an energy balance micrometeorological tower located in the dense old core of a coastal European city. The contributions of storage, vertical advection, horizontal advection and radiative divergence for heat are evaluated with the available measurements and with a three-dimensional, high-resolution meteorological simulation that had been evaluated against observations. The study focused on a summer period characterized by sea-breeze flows that affect the city. In this specific configuration, it appears that the horizontal advection is the dominant term. During the afternoon when the sea breeze is well established, correction of the sensible heat flux with horizontal heat advection increases the measured sensible heat flux up to 100 W m⁻². For latent heat flux, the horizontal moisture advection converted to equivalent latent heat flux suggests a decrease of 50 W m⁻². The simulation reproduces well the temporal evolution and magnitude of these terms.  相似文献   

天津地区城市热岛环流与海风环流相互作用的研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

东高红  尉英华  解以扬  刘一玮  李英华 《气象》2015,41(12):1447-1455

利用中尺度数值模式（TJ WRF）模拟资料及天津加密自动气象站资料等,选取几个典型天气过程（城区附近局地强雷暴天气过程、受海风影响明显的无天气过程）个例,分析研究天津城市热岛环流与海风环流的空间结构特征及相互作用;重点对城市热岛环流与海风环流相互作用触发局地强雷暴的机制进行分析。结果表明：城市热岛环流的伸展高度基本在800 hPa 附近、空间范围约为20 km、环流内有弱的辐合上升;海风环流的伸展高度在800~750 hPa、空间范围40~60 km,海风环流前沿海风锋的伸展高度为950~900 hPa,垂直上升速度平均为0.2 m·s-1 ,略强于城市热岛环流。海风环流对城市热岛环流有明显消弱作用,城市热岛环流对海风环流有一定的阻挡作用,其阻挡的程度与城市热岛环流强度有关。随海风环流向内陆推进,海风环流与城市热岛环流相遇出现叠加,叠加后的辐合上升运动明显加强,最大上升速度可达0.6 m·s-1,并在不稳定天气形势条件下能触发局地强雷暴天气的出现。  相似文献   

鄱阳湖地区湖陆风特征及成因分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

曹渐华  刘熙明  李国平  邹海波 《高原气象》2015,34(2):426-435

利用2006-2010年鄱阳湖地区德安、鄱阳、湖口、进贤和星子站风向、风速常规气象观测资料,分析了鄱阳湖地区湖陆风的特点及季节性变化。结果表明,鄱阳湖地区有湖陆风现象存在。平均而言,东西方向湖陆风强度为0.5~0.7 m·s-1,湖西侧湖陆风转换时间较湖东侧早2 h左右,而南北方向的湖陆风强度相对较弱,为0.3 m·s-1左右,湖北侧的湖陆风转换时间较湖南侧提前近5 h。湖陆风存在季节变化,夏季湖陆风表现得相对更强一些,而秋季表现异于其他季节。利用2010年8月中尺度自动气象站逐时观测资料得到,湖区的湖陆风现象与湖陆热力差异有关。采用浅水波模型对鄱阳湖地区湖陆风形成原因进行了模拟分析,结果与实际现象基本一致,能反映湖陆风的一些特征。  相似文献   

鄱阳湖影响过湖对流强度的数值模拟及机理分析     

陶雅琴  闵锦忠  徐渊  朱利剑 《热带气象学报》2024,(1):101-114

湖陆下垫面的非均匀性对强对流天气的发展演变有很大的影响。鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖,湖面积具有明显的月变化和季节变化,而模式中的下边界一般默认湖面积不变,这与实际情况的差异较大,必然带来模式预报误差。利用WRF模式对夏季夜间发生在鄱阳湖地区的一次强对流天气过程进行数值模拟,并通过湖面积变化的敏感性试验,深入研究鄱阳湖对强对流天气发展演变的影响及其机理,结果表明：夏季夜间湖面上空2 m温度明显高于陆面,向湖陆风在湖面上空辐合上升,岸边则存在下沉辐散气流。这导致降水在湖西岸减弱、湖上空增强。随后用去湖敏感性试验印证了鄱阳湖的暖湖效应,湖泊的存在能够通过激发陆风次级环流对湖西岸（湖面）上空降水起抑制（促进）作用。去湖试验的降水在湖西岸增强20%,在湖面上空减弱16%,体现出湖泊对降水强度的重要影响。此外,还发现湖面积扩大1.5、2.5、3.5、4.0倍的扩湖敏感性试验的降水在湖面上空分别增幅7%、16%、30%、43%,进一步证实了强对流强度对鄱阳湖面积变化较为敏感。这指示我们在预报夏季夜间穿湖而过的强对流天气时,应重点关注其可能存在的入湖前减弱、入湖后增强的变化趋势。同时,在利用数值模式模拟湖区强对流天气过程时,如果湖面积与模式中默认的湖面积相差较大,则应考虑将实际湖面积引入模式下边界,以期提升模式对于湖区对流的预报能力。  相似文献   

海风辐合线对雷暴系统触发、合并的动热力过程   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

易笑园  刘一玮  孙密娜  东高红  李青春 《气象》2014,40(12):1539-1548

利用加密自动气象站和雷达监测资料,结合VDRAS资料(其时间分辨率12 min、水平垂直分辨率分别是3和1 km左右),分别针对单纯海风辐合线触发和海风辐合线与已有雷暴系统合并的两个实例,揭示海风辐合线对雷暴系统影响的动力和热力过程。结果表明:(1)在环境系统风很弱时,天津沿海海风伸入内陆的移速约为15~18 km·h~(-1),且海风过后,气温降低、湿度加大。(2)海风辐合线配合地面高不稳定区,从而触发和加强了雷暴系统,对雷暴系统的预警时间可达2 h。(3)雷暴单体在海风辐合线附近产生,这与倾斜海风锋锋面(向海洋一侧倾斜)上的中尺度垂直环流相对应。(4)海风辐合线与雷暴系统合并后,雷暴系统强烈发展是由于海风辐合线附近积聚着水汽,同时也是辐合上升运动大值区的缘故。  相似文献   

边界层辐合线对强对流系统形成和发展的作用   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

王彦  于莉莉  李艳伟  朱男男  高留喜 《应用气象学报》2011,22(6):724-731

应用天津CINRAD/SA雷达探测到的边界层辐合线信息,对2008—2009年6—9月发生在天津地区的边界层辐合线进行了统计分析,与2002—2007年海风锋触发形成的局地强对流天气分析相结合,研究结果表明:天津地区边界层辐合线的雷达低仰角基本反射率因子产品的回波特征一般表现为弱的窄带回波,回波强度仅为15~25 dBZ,宽度一般为3~10 km。在合适的层结状态和水汽条件下,这些边界层辐合线的演变和碰撞与强对流天气的发生、发展密切相关。单一边界层辐合线一般不能形成大范围的雷暴天气;两条以上边界层辐合线之间碰撞,一般在碰撞交叉处能够形成强对流天气。若已存在强对流天气,则强对流天气将加强。  相似文献   

The research of sea-land breeze (SLB) on the west coast of Bohai Bay based on field observation     

Wei Gu  LaiYin Zhu  WeiJia Cui  Ning Li  JianOu Cong  YingJun Xu  ShuQing Huang  HaiYang Yu  LanTao Li 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(3):0264-0273

Four automatic meteorological stations were set up in a line from beach to inland perpendicular to the west coast of Bohai Bay. Wind direction and velocity at altitudes of 2 m, 4 m and 12 m were surveyed with 10 minute intervals. On "Sea-Land Breeze" (SLB) days, the transition from sea breeze to land breeze was very evident in the study area. Direction of sea breeze was basically perpendicular to the coast and mainly from the ENE and E. Duration of sea breeze varied by the stations’ distance to the coastline, and the near-coast wind velocity was larger than that of the inland and decreases as it reaches inland. There was increased development of SLB on sunny days than on overcast days. The term "Climatic Coastal Zone" can be defined for the area influenced by SLB, which reaches more than 74 km inland on a typical SLB day but less than 10 km on a non-typical SLB day.  相似文献   

中国黄海西岸海陆风循环结构研究          下载免费PDF全文

Yongxiang Ma  Jinyuan Xin  Xiaoling Zhang  Lindong Dai  Klaus Schaefer  Shigong Wang  Yuesi Wang  Zifa Wang  Fangkun Wu  Xinrui Wu  Guangzhou Fan 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(1):14-21

陆海风是由于海陆表面之间的比热容不同而导致的昼夜热量分布差异,从而在海岸附近引发的大气中尺度循环系统.本文利用多普勒风激光雷达Windcube100s首次对黄海西海岸的海陆风的循环结构进行了观测研究.在2018年8月31日至9月28日观测期间发现,海陆风发展高度一般在700 m至1300 m.海陆风转化持续的时间为6小时至8小时.在425m高度,海风水平风速出现最大值,平均为5.6 m s-1.陆风最大水平风速出现在370m,约为4.5 m s-1.最大风切变指数在1300m处,为2.84;在陆风向海风转换过程中,最大风切变指数在700m处,为1.28.在同一高度上,风切变指数在海风盛行和陆风盛行时的差值范围为0.2-3.6,风切变能反映出海陆风的发展高度.  相似文献