Simulation of Typhoon Muifa using a mesoscale coupled atmosphere–ocean model   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SUN Minghu  DUAN Yihong  ZHU Jianrong  WU Hui  ZHANG Jin  HUANG Wei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(11):123-133

A mesoscale coupled atmosphere–ocean model has been developed based on the GRAPES(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) regional typhoon model(GRAPES_TYM) and ECOM-si(estuary, coast and ocean model(semi-implicit)). Coupling between the typhoon and ocean models was conducted by exchanging wind stress, heat, moisture fluxes, and sea surface temperatures(SSTs) using the coupler OASIS3.0. Numerical prediction experiments were run with and without coupling for the case of Typhoon Muifa in the western North Pacific. To investigate the impact of using more accurate SST information on the simulation of the track and the intensity of Typhoon Muifa, experiments were also conducted using increased SST resolution in the initial condition field of the control test. The results indicate that increasing SST resolution in the initial condition field somewhat improved the intensity forecast, and use of the coupled model improved the intensity forecast significantly, with mean absolute errors in maximum wind speed within 48 and 72 h reduced by 32% and 20%, respectively. Use of the coupled model also resulted in less pronounced over-prediction of the intensity of Typhoon Muifa by the GRAPES_TYM. Moreover, the effects of using the coupled model on the intensity varied throughout the different stages of the development of Muifa owing to changes in the oceanic mixed layer depth. The coupled model had pronounced effects during the later stage of Muifa but had no obvious effects during the earlier stage. The SSTs predicted by the coupled model decreased by about 5–6°C at most after the typhoon passed, in agreement with satellite data. Furthermore, based on analysis on the sea surface heat flux, wet static energy of the boundary layer, atmospheric temperature, and precipitation forecasted by the coupled model and the control test, the simulation results of this coupled atmosphere–ocean model can be considered to reasonably reflect the primary mechanisms underlying the interactions between tropical cyclones and oceans.  相似文献   

自动化全站仪在高层建筑基坑变形监测中的应用     

刘沛 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(3):239-241

在对自动全站仪自由设站观测原理进行认真分析研究后,利用TC 2003高精度自动全站仪的自由设站加极坐标法对某高层建筑的一级基坑进行变形监测,通过监测结果精度分析,验证了自动全站仪在建筑物变形监测中的快速、准确性.  相似文献   

ISO/TC211首批制定的地理信息国际标准剖析--《地理信息国际标准手册》解读   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

刘若梅  蒋景瞳 《地理信息世界》2003,1(5):18-22

ISO／TC211首批研制的20项地理信息国际标准，是一组结构化的、定义、描述和管理地理信息的标准。本文分5方面内容，分别剖析ISO／TC211首批研制的各项标准的适用范围、主要内容、结构或特点等，以帮助读者更好地和容易地理解标准的内涵，从而能更好地吸取其精华，为我所用。  相似文献   

突泉盆地突参1井原油中轻烃和金刚烷地球化学特征及油源启示     

孙鹏  唐友军  李世臻  公繁浩 《地质与资源》2016,25(5):470-475

采用全烃气相色谱、全油气相色谱-质谱技术,研究了突泉盆地突参1井原油的轻烃和金刚烷类化合物特征,剖析其母质类型、沉积环境、成熟度等方面的信息及地质地球化学意义.突参1井原油Pr/Ph=3.17,姥鲛烷优势明显,指示为偏氧化的沉积环境;甲基环己烷指数MCH为46%,环己烷指数CH为25%,3,4DMD在二甲基金刚烷类化合物中占据一定的优势,其相对含量为48%,根据图版所示揭示其母质类型为Ⅱ₂-Ⅲ型;正庚烷指数（IH）为27.6%,异庚烷指数（Ⅱ）为0.33,甲基单金刚烷成熟度指数（IMA）为0.63,二甲基双金刚烷成熟度指数（IMD）为0.38,经公式计算Ro约为1.2%,属于成熟-高成熟阶段.结合前人研究资料,认为突参1井原油来自于中侏罗统万宝组煤系泥岩.  相似文献   

交通路况基态修正模型及其效率分析     

李婷  徐柱  卢彩霞  于冰  李木梓  黄萌萌 《地球信息科学学报》2012,14(6):712-718

 交通路况在时间上和空间上具有连续变化的特征,在时空维度上对交通路况进行高分辨率采样得到的数据,对研究交通路况的时空动态十分有利。但长时间大范围的高分辨率交通路况信息数据量巨大,给数据的组织和管理带来了困难。目前,尚没有一种成熟的时空数据模型对高时空分辨率交通路况数据进行高效(顾及数据存储与访问效率)的组织管理。本文提出一种基于线性参照系统的交通路况基态修正模型。此模型应用基态修正模型的基本思想,在时间维度上对交通路况数据进行无损压缩,又引入动态分段技术和线性参照系统,以路划作为交通路况载体,在空间维度上对交通路况数据进行压缩存储。利用成都市区真实交通路况数据,本文验证了此模型的有效性,比较了6种不同参数下交通路况基态修正模型的存储和访问效率,给出了最佳模型建议。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal distribution of storms and their activities over the Bay of Bengal     

Xu Duan  Yun Tao  CanQiong Cun  ShiChang Guo  LinYi LV 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(5):0448-0457

By statistically analyzing the storm data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC) over the Bengal Bay during the period 1945-2006,it is found that the yearly averaged tropical cyclone(TC) number over the Bay of Bengal is 8.12,which takes place in any month of the whole year;February and March have the fewest TC numbers.The TC numbers begin to increase starting in April and arrive at a peak in October.Differing from TC over the Bay of Bengal,the tropical storms(TS) over the Bay of Bengal has two peak periods,appear in May and in October or November,respectively.With regard to TS intensity,the super severe storm of H4 criterion appeared only one time during the period 1971-1986,but appeared eight times during the period 1987-2006.The monthly change of the original position,the averaged maintaining time,and the longest maintaining time of TS also have two peak values:They appear in April or May and in October or November,respectively.The peak value of the original position in October or November is bigger than that in April or May.The peak value of the average maintaining time and the longest main-taining time of the TS in April or May is bigger than that in October or November.TC landfall path is mostly moving toward northwest or west and accounts for 56.7 percent.The landfall path of the TS differs from that of TC in some respects.The main difference is that the numbers of the northwestern path and un-landfall of TS are less than those for TC,and the numbers of the western path and northeastern path of TS are greater than for TC.Because of the landfall TS in the north-east path has a peak,it and the beginning of the rainy season in Yunnan Province are closely related;it is on Yunnan Province’s early summer precipita-tion that they have a great impact.  相似文献   

MODULATION OF TC GENESIS OVER THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC BY ATMOSPHERIC INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION     

田华  李崇银  杨晖 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2012,18(1):11-20

The influence of intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) on TC genesis over the northwestern Pacific is studied through comparing analyses of the more and less TC years from 1979 to 2006. It is indicated that the ISO strongly affects the TC genesis. In the years for more TC genesis, the ISO is weak and propagates insignificantly in the area to the west of the Philippines, but the ISO is strong in the area to the east of the Philippines and propagates significantly northwestward. In this situation, the Walker cell shifts gradually westward from the tropical western Pacific to the tropical eastern Indian Ocean. Convergent winds appear in the lower atmosphere while divergent winds in the upper atmosphere, suggesting the presence of enhanced ascending flow over the 140-160°E region and a favorable condition for TC genesis. Moreover, in the years for less TC genesis, the ISO gradually becomes stronger in the area to the west of the Philippines and significant eastward propagation prevails from the eastern Indian Ocean to the area around 120°E; the ISO is weak in the area to the east of the Philippines. During these years, the Walker circulation gradually moved eastward, with convergent winds in the upper troposphere and divergent winds in the lower troposphere. Sinking motion was significant, unfavorable for the TC genesis over the Northwestern Pacific.  相似文献   

Radiocarbon deficiencies of US Gulf Coast lakes compromise paleo-hurricane records     

Paul Aharon  W. Joe Lambert 《Quaternary Research》2009,71(3):266-270

Radiocarbon assays of sediments from Lake Shelby, US Gulf Coast, exhibit substantial ¹⁴C deficiencies of 9.3% and 4.7% for the limnic sapropel and associated fresh-water clams Rangia cuneata, respectively. Measured radiocarbon dates from the sapropel and clams require corrections of 785 ± 80 and 365 ± 90 ¹⁴C yr (1σ), respectively, in order to achieve consistency with the radiocarbon time scale. Lake sediments of the US Gulf Coast serve as unique repositories of pre-historic hurricane strikes. Previously unrecognized radiocarbon deficiencies likely render compromised chronologies of the paleo-hurricane records, and erroneous estimates of return period and landfall probability that are derived from the storm chronologies. The recalculated severe hurricane chronologies suggest that the annual landfall probabilities of the last millennium on the US Gulf Coast are equal to, or higher than, the preceding three millennia.  相似文献   

两类El Niño型对西北太平洋季风槽及热带气旋生成的可能影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张宏杰  武亮  黄荣辉 《气候与环境研究》2018,23(2):150-160

通过对1948~2015年不同El Ni?o事件下西北太平洋季风槽变化和热带气旋(tropical cyclone,TC)生成进行分析,初步探讨了不同El Ni?o型事件对季风槽及其对TC的可能影响。分析结果表明,较东太平洋增暖(eastern Pacific warming,EPW)年,中太平洋增暖(central Pacific warming,CPW)年季风槽偏弱,位置相对偏西、偏北。在CPW年,中(西和东)太平洋海温增暖(降低)引起了从中到西太平洋热带地区的西风异常和中太平洋地区上升运动及对流活动加强,使得季风槽加强东伸,同时西太平洋副高偏弱、偏北,季风槽向北推进;而在EPW年,赤道东(西)太平洋海温增暖(降低)使得赤道地区西风异常显著加强东扩,异常Walker环流的上升支东移至东太平洋,季风活动加强,副高偏强、偏南,这使得季风槽较CPW年相比更强、更偏东。利于TC生成的大尺度环境因子随季风槽强度和位置的变化而发生改变,在CPW年,低层气旋性涡度、高层辐散、高的中层相对湿度以及低垂直风切变区随着季风槽向北移动;而在EPW年,这些因子随季风槽向南、向东偏移。这些大尺度环境因子的变化使得西北太平洋TC生成的位置在CPW年比EPW年更加偏北、偏西。  相似文献   

位涡塔结构及演变对飓风Wilma(2005)强度变化的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘爽  钟玮  刘继晨  陆汉城 《地球物理学报》2015,58(5):1513-1525

本文利用高分辨率模式输出资料,对飓风Wilma(2005)不同发展阶段内位涡塔(Potential Vorticity Tower:PVT)的结构和演变进行诊断分析,并讨论位涡塔分布特征对飓风快速增强(Rapid Intensification:RI)过程的影响.研究结果表明,内核区域位涡的强度和结构变化主要取决于高层的暖心下传、中层的凝结潜热释放和低层的动力稳定性,而低层切向平均位涡的结构及其稳定性变化,对飓风快速增强的不同发展阶段具有很好的指示意义.飓风Wilma增强过程中,在高层增温、潜热释放和对流垂直混合作用下,PVT的结构出现单极位涡塔(Monopole PVT:MPVT)和中空位涡塔(Hollow PVT:HPVT)的相互转化,也造成了涡旋系统动力稳定性的变化.在实际个例中,重新定义位涡环的结构参数,即相对厚度和中空度,这两个参数能够表征系统的稳定性,将其在RI过程中的变化与飓风Wilma强度变化作相关性分析,表明结构参数能够表征PVT结构的不稳定性,且与飓风系统强度变化参数具有很好的相关性,结构参数与海平面气压变化率的相关性能够通过显著性检验.  相似文献