中国夏季极端酷暑的气候统计和趋势分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

WEI Ke  CHEN Wen 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(3):153-158

Based on the daily maximum air temperature data from 300 stations in China from 1958 to 2008, the climatological distribution of the number of days with high temperature extremes （HTEs, maximum temperatures higher than 35℃） are studied with a focus on the long-term trends. Although the number of HTE days display well-defined sandwich spatial structures with significant decreasing trends in central China and increasing trends in northern China and southern China, the authors show that the decrease of HTE days in central China occurs mainly in the early period before the 1980s, and a significant increase of HTE days dominates most of the stations after the 1980s. The authors also reveal that there is a jump-like acceleration in the number of HTE days at most stations across China since the mid 1990s, especially in South China, East China, North China, and northwest China.  相似文献   

澳门度日(Degree days)与电能消耗     

汤仕文  刘英伟 《广东气象》2005,(2):4-6

利用澳门电力公司每年发电量与澳门的度日(Degree Days)数作相关分析,从而寻求电能消耗量与澳门度日数之间是否有显著的关系,以协助估计能源消耗量。最后得出二项相关程序：第一项是电力增长率(％)与冷度日的关系式;第二项是用电量与人口的关系式。  相似文献   

末次盛冰期以来南海南部天然气水合物储库变化及其对环境的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王淑红  颜文  宋海斌  樊栓狮 《地球物理学报》2005,48(5):1117-1124

末次盛冰期以来南海南部海平面及海洋底水温度均发生了很大的变化. 为了研究南海南部天然气水合物稳定带厚度在这个过程中的变化情况及其对环境的影响,我们利用相关的计算公式,并编制了计算稳定带厚度的程序,在南海南部的南沙海槽、曾母盆地、巴拉望盆地和苏禄海等四个重点海域选取了35个点进行末次盛冰期及目前稳定带厚度的计算. 计算结果表明,南海南部末次盛冰期和目前的天然气水合物稳定带厚度分别为262m和233m;甲烷资源量分别为269×1013m3和239×1013m3;水合物资源量分别为164×1011m3和146×1011m3. 这说明自末次盛冰期以来,南海南部稳定带厚度平均减薄了29m,平均减薄百分比为12%,同时释放了大约30×1012m3的甲烷,这些甲烷对环境产生了较大影响,对末次冰期的结束起了较大作用.  相似文献   

A glacial cryptic refuge in south‐east Australia: human occupation and mobility from 36 000 years ago in the Sydney Basin,New South Wales          下载免费PDF全文

ALAN N. WILLIAMS  FENELLA ATKINSON  MICHELLE LAU  PHILLIP S. TOMS 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(8):735-748

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Statistical guidance on seasonal forecast of Korean dust days over South Korea in the springtime     

Keon Tae SOHN 《大气科学进展》2013,30(5):1343-1352

This study aimed to develop the seasonal forecast models of Korean dust days over South Korea in the springtime. Forecast mode was a ternary forecast (below normal, normal, above normal) which was classified based on the mean and the standard deviation of Korean dust days for a period of 30 years (1981-2010). In this study, we used three kinds of monthly data: the Korean dust days observed in South Korea, the National Center for Environmental Prediction in National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data for meteorological factors over source regions of Asian dust, and the large-scale climate indices offered from the Climate Diagnostic Center and Climate Prediction Center in NOAA. Forecast guidance consisted of two components; ordinal logistic regression model to generate trinomial distributions, and conversion algorithm to generate ternary forecast by two thresholds. Forecast guidance was proposed for each month separately and its predictability was evaluated based on skill scores.  相似文献   

Comparison and analysis of snow cover data based on different definitions of snow cover days     

Di An  DongLiang Li  Yun Yuan 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(1):0051-0060

In order to analyze the differences between the two snow cover data, the snow cover data of 884 meteorological stations in China from 1951 to 2005 are counted. The data include days of visual snow observation, snow depth, and snow cover durations, which vary according to different definitions of snow cover days. Two series of data, as defined by "snow depth" and by "weather observation," are investigated here. Our results show that there is no apparent difference between them in east China and the Xinjiang region, but in northeast China and the Tibetan Plateau the "weather observation" data vary by more than 10 days and the "snow depth" data vary by 0.4 cm. Especially in the Tibetan Plateau, there are at least 15 more days of "weather observation" snow in most areas (sometimes more than 30 days). There is an obvious difference in the snow cover data due to bimodal snowfall data in the Tibetan Plateau, which has peak snowfalls from September to October and from April to May. At those times the temperature is too high for snow cover formation and only a few days have trace snow cover. Also, the characteristics and changing trends of snow cover are analyzed here based on the snow cover data of nine weather stations in the northeast region of the Tibetan Plateau, by the Mann-Kendall test. The results show significantly fewer days of snow cover and shorter snow durations as defined by "snow depth" compared to that as defined by "weather observation." Mann-Kendall tests of both series of snow cover durations show an abrupt change in 1987.  相似文献   

宁夏雾日和霜日的变化趋势分析     

张智  陈玉华  周红 《干旱气象》2013,(4):714-719

利用1961～2012年宁夏22个气象台站逐日天气现象、能见度、相对湿度资料,采用气候倾向率、趋势系数、最大熵谱分析、突变分析等方法,分析了宁夏各区域雾日数和霾日数的空间分布及变化趋势。结果表明：宁夏雾目数、霾日数均呈南北多、中间少的空间特征,但雾日数南部最多,而霾日数北部最多。近52a来,雾日数除南部山区呈不显著的减少趋势外,其他3个区域均呈增多趋势,而霾日数各区域均呈显著的增多趋势;另外,二者均有明显的阶段性演变特征,1961—1980年为明显偏少阶段,1981～2000年为波动变化阶段,2001年以后为明显偏多阶段;雾日数具有较明显的准7．5a,4．3a周期振荡,霾日数具有较明显的准4．6a、3,0a周期振荡;各区域雾日数与霾日数均未发生突变现象。  相似文献   

河南省冬季连续低温天气的时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王纪军  潘攀  胡彩虹 《气象与环境科学》2013,36(4):1-5

利用河南省分布相对均匀的49个台站1957-2008年12月-翌年2月的逐日气温资料,以最长连续低温日数及其强度为指标,采用线性趋势分析、小波分析等方法研究了河南省连续低温天气的时空变化特征,结果表明：多年平均的冬季连续低温日数全省为15.6 d。低温日数的年际变化特征明显,1984年全省平均低温日数达34.2天,为历年最长;而1965年,连续低温日数仅6.5 d,为全省平均历年最短的年份。连续低温日数不同地区存在差异：在1977年,灵宝连续低温日数高达56 d,固始48 d,为历年来连续低温日数持续较长的时段;1965、1991、1995和2007年分别在灵宝、许昌、尉氏、襄城、淮阳、沈丘、永城等地连续低温日数仅为4 d。在年代际的变化中,低温日数呈现略缩短的趋势,在6~12 a的尺度上存在有显著的振荡周期。低温强度在空间上也存在差异,大值区主要分布在豫东和豫东南地区,豫西和豫西南一带相对较小。连续低温的强度年际变化明显,且随时间有减弱的趋势,在1964年低温强度有最大值,1995年有最小值。  相似文献   

华南霾日和雾日的气候特征及变化   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

伍红雨  杜尧东  何健  潘蔚娟 《气象》2011,37(5):607-614

利用华南192个测站1961-2008年的地面气象观测资料,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验、计算气候趋势系数等统计诊断方法,分析了华南年霾日、雾日的时空特征和变化.结果表明:珠江三角洲、广东西北部和广西东北部为多霾区,海南为极少霾区;华南有三个多雾区,分别位于海南中西部地区,两广的西北部地区.两广雾日呈...  相似文献   

淹水对夏玉米性状及产量的影响试验研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

李香颜  刘忠阳  李彤宵 《气象科学》2011,31(1):79-82

为定量探求洪涝灾害对玉米生长及产量的影响,于2008和2009年在河南省驻马店地区进行以淹水日数和淹水发育期为试验因素的模拟试验。结过表明:淹水1 d对玉米产量影响甚微,淹水3 d以上减产率40%以上,拔节期淹水5～7 d,抽雄期淹水7 d夏玉米基本绝收。淹水对夏玉米植株死亡率、果穗成穗率、单株籽粒重影响明显;对株高、果穗长、粗、百粒重和秃尖率影响较小。拔节期的淹水危害重于抽雄期。讨论了淹水日数与淹水发育期对玉米产量影响的交互作用。初步建立了淹水的玉米产量损失率评估模型。  相似文献